共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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虽然时间压力在工作场所中非常普遍且很重要,但尚未有研究提供关于时间压力如何影响员工绩效和行为结果的全面解释。本研究通过文献检索、筛选和编码,对78项研究的82个独立样本(总样本N=25056)进行了元分析。研究结果显示,时间压力与个体工作绩效、亲社会行为和主动行为呈现出显著的正相关关系,但与创新绩效的正相关关系并不显著。进一步地,本研究检验了文化差异、团队相依性和评价来源的调节效应。首先,在高权力距离、集体主义和长期导向背景下,时间压力与个体亲社会行为呈现出显著的正相关关系,而在低权力距离、个人主义和短期导向背景下,时间压力与个体主动行为呈现出显著的正相关关系;其次,相对于低团队相依性而言,在高团队相依性情境中,时间压力与个体工作绩效、创新绩效以及亲社会行为之间呈现出更为积极的相关关系;最后,相对于他评的数据而言,时间压力与自评的工作绩效和员工行为之间呈现出更为积极的相关关系。本元分析为时间压力对个体工作结果的影响效果提供了综合而可靠的结论,也为未来研究提供了一定的理论借鉴和实践参考。 相似文献
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实验设计的关键是平衡信息量与效率。贝叶斯因子序列分析利用贝叶斯因子不断更新证据的特点,通过贝叶斯因子标准和在收集数据过程中的序列分析来平衡信息量与效率。本文展示如何使用开源软件JASP和R实现该分析的三个步骤:确定关键效应、确定停止标准、数据收集中序列分析并决策。该方法考虑现实条件且简单易行,可帮助研究者更有效地进行实验。 相似文献
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运用元分析方法对国内外有关基于正念的干预与自我同情的关系问题进行了探讨, 通过文献检索, 纳入文献65篇, 总样本量为8103。异质性检验发现, 选择随机效应模型比较合适; 敏感性分析显示, 使用One-study removed逐步删除异质性较高研究, 基于正念的干预与自我同情呈显著正相关; 次群体检验表明, 基于正念的干预与自我同情关系受对比方式的调节与影响, 但不受群体和测量工具的影响。研究结果表明, 正念对自我同情水平会产生不同程度的积极影响, 同时随着对比方式的不同对基于正念的干预与自我同情的关系会产生不同的调节作用, 而群体和测量工具对基于正念的干预与自我同情的关系并无调节效应。 相似文献
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黄莺 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2022,43(7):58-62
第三方医学检验机构主要从美国兴起,我国的第三方医学检验机构随着医疗改革的深入也在迅猛发展。但是比起医疗机构附设的医学检验部门,第三方医学检验机构是独立的法人主体,因此与患者和医疗机构之间形成多元法律关系。通过整理涉医学检验机构诉讼纠纷发现,法律实践中主要存在两类典型的法律问题:一类是法理或法律可以予以解决的问题,但解决的结果无法达到案结事了或者公平公正,这类问题源于实践超出理论的复杂性;另一类是落入法律或法理的“间隙”,在理论上存疑的问题。诉诸法律来解决的这些问题虽然还未能成为第三方医学检验机构发展的重要风险,但是所展现出来的问题都具有相当的典型性和代表性。 相似文献
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鉴于社交焦虑的高患病率和广泛的不良后效,大量理论和纵向研究对社交焦虑的发展进行了探讨,但观点和研究结果存在矛盾。为厘清争议,准确刻画社交焦虑平均水平变化和稳定性的年龄趋势,采用三水平模型的方法,对来自173项纵向研究的192个独立样本(N=170197)进行元分析。结果显示:(1)在平均水平上,社交焦虑从学步期至青年期呈逐步下降趋势,仅青春中期有小幅上升。(2)在稳定性上,社交焦虑在学步期和学前期较高,在小学儿童期降至低谷后逐渐回升,青年期稳定在较高水平。(3)社交焦虑的平均水平变化不受研究特征、样本特征和变量特征的影响。(4)社交焦虑的稳定性受文章语言、大洲、文化、性别和测量方式的调节。(5)社交焦虑的稳定性随时间间隔变长呈先快后慢的下降趋势。研究首次利用元分析技术刻画了社交焦虑从学步期至青年期的发展趋势,其中发展轨迹总体上支持了人格成熟论,稳定上则呈现出较强的特质属性,结果为探索社交焦虑的毕生发展和干预提供了新视角。 相似文献
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自我面孔识别反映了个体通过自我与他人的区分识别出自我面孔的过程。本文采用ALE元分析的方法, 对自我面孔识别的fMRI研究进行系统的定量分析, 探究自我面孔识别的神经基础。结果显示, 自我面孔识别的关键脑区包括顶上小叶、额中回、额下回、脑岛、梭状回、楔前叶和枕叶皮层。另外, 自我面孔识别可能包括两个层面的加工过程:知觉层面的加工整合过程以及由知觉引发的评价和情绪反应过程。知觉加工整合涵盖了自我面孔识别的各个加工阶段, 主要涉及枕叶、梭状回和楔前叶的功能; 而评价加工及情绪反应过程则发生在自我面孔识别的中晚期, 主要涉及顶上小叶、额中回、额下回及脑岛的功能。未来研究可结合时间和空间数据并关注脑区间的协同功能, 考察与内感受的神经关联, 开展临床研究并探索威胁信息的影响机制。 相似文献
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无神论研究是哲学社会科学研究的重要组成部分。通过对2000—2015年国家社会科学基金项目中无神论研究课题的分析,发现其数量严重不足,学科间和学科内的分布严重失衡,课题指南和立项结果之间并不存在直接的对应关系。建议确立无神论独立的学科地位,把中央有关文件和批示的精神落到实处,有关学者苦练内功、多出成果,共同推动无神论研究的繁荣发展。 相似文献
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严晨毓;陈昕源;徐琴美 《心理科学》2025,(1):44-52
人类是否天生具有感知音乐情绪的能力?给5~9个月的婴儿播放快乐和悲伤音乐,比较其瞳孔直径变化量,探究婴儿的情感唤起程度是否有差异(以往研究表明婴儿在观看消极情绪刺激时情感唤起程度更高)。结果显示,婴儿瞳孔直径变化量在音乐情绪发生变化时显著降低,但整体上在听快乐和悲伤音乐时没有显著差异。该结果表明,5~9个月的婴儿的瞳孔反应尚未与音乐所表达的情绪建立明确的联系,说明婴儿感知音乐情绪的能力可能仍在发展之中。该研究提出了一种研究婴儿音乐情绪感知的新方法,并为人类情绪感知能力的早期发展规律提供了重要证据。 相似文献
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A difficulty for reports of subliminal priming is demonstrating that participants who actually perceived the prime are not driving the priming effects. There are two conventional methods for testing this. One is to test whether a direct measure of stimulus perception is not significantly above chance on a group level. The other is to use regression to test if an indirect measure of stimulus processing is significantly above zero when the direct measure is at chance. Here we simulated samples in which we assumed that only participants who perceived the primes were primed by it. Conventional analyses applied to these samples had a very large error rate of falsely supporting subliminal priming. Calculating a Bayes factor for the samples very seldom falsely supported subliminal priming. We conclude that conventional tests are not reliable diagnostics of subliminal priming. Instead, we recommend that experimenters calculate a Bayes factor when investigating subliminal priming. 相似文献
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Zhongyuan Sun 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(1):50-69
This paper discusses the topics, goals, values and methods of Chinese logic. It holds that the goal of the research in Chinese
logic is to reveal its structure, content, rules, and essential character, as well as to reveal both similarities and differences
between Chinese and foreign logic. The value of the research is to carry forward and develop the outstanding heritage of Chinese
logic. Its method is to annotate original works of Chinese ancient logic with the tools of modern language and logic in order
to reveal both the particular nature and the universal qualities of Chinese logic. The method also explores the differences
and similarities between Chinese and foreign logic. In recent years, research in Chinese logic has developed considerably;
it has also logged many important achievements. But there are many different views about the complexity and long-term goals
of the research. Future research will build on the merits of different kinds of logic, promote Chinese logic, and increase
communication between Chinese logic and foreign logic.
Translated by Song Saihua from Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Xuebao 中国人民大学学报 (Journal of Renmin University of China), 2005, (2): 56–62 相似文献
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从元分析看传统心理统计的局限性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当前,心理学研究文献中占主导地位的数据分析和解释方法是传统的统计方法。元分析方法已经表明传统的统计方法延缓了心理学理论的创新和知识累积的增长。该文从元分析方法的角度阐述了传统的心理统计在处理研究结果方面的局限性。 相似文献
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Stephen P. Hinshaw 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》2004,11(1):616
The classic article by Meehl (1978) raises fundamental issues regarding the viability of theorizing in the “soft” psychological sciences and the weakness of statistical significance testing in appraising the validity of the field’s theories. These concerns are as valid today as they were a quarter of a century ago. Despite the lack of clear progress that has been made in terms of theory building, I raise several examples from developmental psychopathology research that reveal progress in the field’s conceptual and methodologic rigor, including the testing of genotype by environment interactions, the statistical advances driving longitudinal research, and the use of intervention and prevention trials to address questions of etiology and mechanisms related to psychopathology. 相似文献
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The practice of statistical inference in psychological research is critically reviewed. Particular emphasis is put on the fast pace of change from the sole reliance on null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) to the inclusion of effect size estimates, confidence intervals, and an interest in the Bayesian approach. We conclude that these developments are helpful for psychologists seeking to extract a maximum of useful information from statistical research data, and that seven decades of criticism against NHST is finally having an effect. 相似文献
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利用计算机构造被试总体、模拟实验研究程序进行抽样研究,探讨抽样样本总体达到t检验显著性的数目与统计检验能力之间的一致性。模拟实验结果表明,统计检验能力与样本总体t检验显著性的数目具有很高的一致性,但两者同时受到显著性水平α、样本客量n和总体效果大小δ的影响,从而有可能影响统计推断的可靠性。因此,在进行显著性检验过程中,应对统计检验能力进行估计,这将有利于心理学研究成果的积累。 相似文献
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A Bayesian approach for simultaneous optimization of test-based decisions is presented using the example of a selection decision for a treatment followed by a mastery decision. A distinction is made between weak and strong rules where, as opposed to strong rules, weak rules use prior test scores as collateral data. Conditions for monotonicity of optimal weak and strong rules are presented. It is shown that under mild conditions on the test score distributions and utility functions, weak rules are always compensatory by nature. The authors are indebted to Wilbert Kallenberg for his valuable comments and to Jan Gulmans for providing the data for the empirical example. The names of the authors are alphabetical; they are equally responsible for the contents of this paper. 相似文献
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Richard D. Morey Eric-Jan Wagenmakers Jeffrey N. Rouder 《Multivariate behavioral research》2016,51(1):11-19
Hoijtink, Kooten, and Hulsker (2016) present a method for choosing the prior distribution for an analysis with Bayes factor that is based on controlling error rates, which they advocate as an alternative to our more subjective methods (Morey &; Rouder, 2014; Rouder, Speckman, Sun, Morey, &; Iverson, 2009; Wagenmakers, Wetzels, Borsboom, &; van der Maas, 2011). We show that the method they advocate amounts to a simple significance test, and that the resulting Bayes factors are not interpretable. Additionally, their method fails in common circumstances, and has the potential to yield arbitrarily high Type II error rates. After critiquing their method, we outline the position on subjectivity that underlies our advocacy of Bayes factors. 相似文献