面对新蒙昧的新启蒙

从上一世纪末的三二十年到现在,出现了一股世界性的新蒙昧主义。其主要特征是:1.超自然现象(在中国的名称是“特异功能”)大规模、大范围的传播和流行;2.科学和理性遭受大规模的抨击和诋毁;3.传统有神论在某些国家和地区的复兴。所谓超自然现象,包括传统的神迹、奇迹和各种巫术,比如巫医、算命、风水,各种相术,各种数字迷信等等,也包括新出现的超出人体器官正常功能极限的所谓特异功能,比如耳朵认字,肉眼透视,意念致动等等。所谓科学和理性遭受抨击和诋毁,表现为把当代的军备竞赛、环境污染和所谓的道德滑坡等等归因于科学,否定知识的客观性…     

警惕巫风重现

本期发表的《警惕把传统文化和民族精神巫术化》一文,是本刊和中国无神论学会组织的关于“熊良山现象”讨论的记录。熊良山现象的本质,是以非科学的随意手段,达到宣扬巫术迷信的目的。和风行中国二十多年、于不久前才刚刚消退的特异功能热,只是借助的对象不同而已。特异功能热主要是借助自然科学,熊良山现象则主要是借助传统文化。巫术是人类最早产生的、最低级的有神论形态。其特点是相信有一种可以供人支配的超自然的神秘力量,并要靠这种力量改变自然界和社会的现实状况。这样的超自然的神秘力量是不存在的,巫术的遭到摈弃也是必然的。不…     

从儒家的“鬼神观”和“天命观”看科学和理性精神

笔者认为鬼神迷信思想也是一个民族的传统文化的重要组成部分。鬼神迷信观念的存在也有着文化深层结构上的原因。通过对儒家的“鬼神观”和“天命观”的探讨．笔者认为儒学的这样一种“天人合一思维模式下的二人互相制约”的思维模式．决定了儒家文化在根本上对鬼神迷信思想有着实际的支撑。因此．要想从根本上破除迷信思想的存在,宣传无神论的思想,就需要中国传统文化的现代化的转变,吸收科学和理性精神进行重新的解构与建构。     

求神不如求医

人为什么会生病?今天,虽然科学早已解答了这个问题,但近些年来,一些有迷信思想的人还在认为生病是冲犯了鬼神,得罪了菩萨,是鬼神作怪等等。于是烧香拜神的,请求鬼     

陈确驳斥"形家之言"的现代启示

陈确是我国古代一位具有进步倾向的思想家。他所处的明清之际正是封建专制主义急剧衰败的历史时期,科技发展停滞不前,社会被浓重的迷信色彩所笼罩,民间流行形形色色的迷信观念。同时,明末清初也是启蒙思潮风起云涌的时代,社会大震荡催生了一批先进思想家。对于当时的迷信观念和活动,他们给予了无情的揭露和批判,发扬了中国传统文化中的唯物论、无神论思想,推动社会向前发展。陈确就是其中的一员。     

文海拾粹 改革开放对中国教会从事社会关怀的影响

改革开放客观上为中国基督教会提供了更多从事社会关怀的渠道。基督教素有社会关怀的传统,特别是在从事慈善事业上,例如开办医院和学校等。但在中华人民共和国成立后,在特定的历史环境下,教育、医疗以及以往的慈善事业都已属国有,一切由政府和国家来办理。不仅如此,在“左”的思想影响下,人们思想上根深蒂固地认为“宗教是人民的鸦片”“宗教是迷信”,将宗教视为异己力量,对宗教界人士,甚至一般信徒都持不信任态度,因此让宗教界出面从事这方面的工作无法为社会所接受,各级政府也不允许教会从事这些工作。再加上当时中国教会中的信徒大多是基要派,原本就只注意个人灵魂的得救,不关心社会,在这种形势下更促使中国信徒对社会采取不关心的态度。     

高科技掩盖下的现代迷信

随着改革开放的深入和社会环境的变化,一些传统迷信形式的市场已经越来越小,而“现代迷信”却不断变换形式,甚至打着传统文化和现代科学的旗号,借着“舶来”的种种巫术,迷惑和欺骗公众。据一项网上调查显示,80%以上的年轻人根本不相信“巫医跳大神能治好病”这类迷信说法,可是对于披上了时尚外衣的“现代迷信”,他们却丧失了辨别能力。土洋松散结合,中西同流合污,“现代迷信”正在暗流涌动的网络世界里游荡,甚至充斥坊间,招摇过市——现象之一:电脑算命日前,杭州市的一所中学对学生们进行了一项调查,结果有超过10%的中学生迷信“电脑算命”…     

谈孔子研究的宏观和微观

关于孔子研究,强调从宏观方面考察孔学为当前国外学者所重视这一新的趋势,认为应引起人们深刻反思;并从东方文化代表的多层次性归结到孔子以“仁”为核心的古代人道主义思想,得出东西方不同的价值观比较,以说明国外孔学崛兴之思想和时代的原因。微观方面,即以此为基点,深入剖析“仁”学体系中反神权主义、反禁欲主义、反蒙昧主义、反主观主义、反专制主义和反侵略主义等等积极因素,论证其对中国传统思想和民族文化心理结构所产生的深厚影响,值得我们科学地予以批判继承和发扬,为加速建设有中国特色的社会主义精神文明服务。     

马克思主义无神论是什么?

什么是马克思主义无神论?简而言之,马克思主义无神论就是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的无神论。具体来说,它是以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观和方法论作为哲学基础而形成的科学批判和彻底否定有神论宣扬的神的存在、灵魂不死、来世幸福及其他鬼神迷信、各种巫术的理论。马克思主义无神论不是无源之水。它是历史上的无神论思想在漫长的发展过程中合乎规律的结果,是无神论思想的高级形态。一般来     

现代迷信与大学生心理健康

一 所谓现代迷信,是指在现代社会将封建迷信、骗术、巫术或伪气功等混为一体,盗用一些科学的名词,而其语言和内容又不科学的歪理邪说,是一种具有短暂性、爆发性、群众性和流行性特点的现代反科学思潮.     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.