College Students' Responses to Suicidal Content on Social Networking Sites: An Examination Using a Simulated Facebook Newsfeed

Although Facebook has a peer‐initiated suicide prevention protocol, little is known about users' abilities to notice, recognize, and appropriately interpret suicidal content or about their willingness to intervene. In this study, 468 college students were randomly assigned to interact with a simulated Facebook newsfeed containing content reflecting various suicide risk levels. A larger proportion of those exposed to content reflecting moderate and severe suicide risk noticed, recognized, appropriately interpreted, and endorsed taking action to intervene, as compared to those exposed to content representing no or low risk. Overall, results indicate that college students are responsive to suicidal content on Facebook.     

错失恐惧对大学生社交网络成瘾的影响:社交网络整合性使用与社交网络支持的中介作用

错失恐惧是社交网络成瘾的风险因素，但其中的作用机制并不清楚。本研究采用错失恐惧问卷、社交网络整合性使用量表、社交网络支持量表和中文社交网络成瘾量表，调查了重庆市三所高校的493名大一至大三的学生，探讨错失恐惧影响社交网络成瘾的机制。结果发现：（1）错失恐惧显著预测社交网络成瘾，错失恐惧水平越高，个体社交网络成瘾水平越高。（2）社交网络整合性使用在错失恐惧和社交网络成瘾之间起独立中介作用。（3）社交网络支持在错失恐惧和社交网络成瘾之间起独立中介作用。（4）社交网络整合性使用和社交网络支持在错失恐惧和社交网络成瘾之间起链式中介作用。研究结果表明，满足大学生基本心理需要、降低社交网络使用程度、提升现实社会支持可以有效预防社交网络成瘾。     

Social Networking Sites: Mediating the Self and its Communities

What do social networking sites reveal about the relation between the self and the community? We conceptualise social networking sites as technologies of the self and the community enabling individuals to self‐present and also objectifying the community's evaluation of individuals (through ‘structures of recognition’ such as page views, friends and lovehearts). We analyse the way in which 37 Scottish adolescents used the social networking site Bebo in nonprescribed and creative ways. First, they challenged the single authorship of profiles by co‐creating multi‐authored profiles. Second, they used creative language to obscure meaning from the preying eyes of parents, teachers and potential employers. We conclude by discussing the simplistic assumptions that Bebo makes about the relation between the self and the community. In contrast, newer social networking sites such as Facebook and Google+ are increasingly enabling people to present different facets of themselves to different communities. How people use social networking sites, and how these sites are developing to attract more users, reveals how the multiplicity of human identity is related to the multiple communities that people participate in. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impact of Social Networking Sites on Children in Military Families

Youth in military families experience a relatively unique set of stressors that can put them at risk for numerous psychological and behavior problems. Thus, there is a need to identify potential mechanisms by which children can gain resiliency against these stressors. One potential mechanism that has yet to be empirically studied with military youth is social networking sites (SNSs). SNSs have gained significant popularity among society, especially youth. Given the significance of these communication tools in youths’ lives, it is important to analyze how SNS use may affect military youth and their ability to cope with common military life stressors. The current review examines the potential positive and negative consequences associated with SNS use in coping with three common stressors of youth in military families: parent deployment, frequent relocation, and having a family member with a psychological or physical disability. By drawing from SNS and military literature, we predict that SNS use can be a positive tool for helping children in military families to cope with stressors. However, certain SNS behaviors can potentially result in more negative outcomes. Recommendations for future research are also discussed.     

Profiling: The Efficacy of Using Social Networking Sites for Job Screening

Social networking sites (SNS) are a rich source of extractive information about job applicants. Human resources (HR) professionals now use SNS to gather additional information about job applicants; consequently, job applicants begin interviewing even before the actual interview. The authors examine SNS in the context of hiring decisions, using uncertainty reduction theory as a framework of analysis to explain how individuals obtain and process information about interpersonal relationships to reduce uncertainty before a face‐to‐face meeting. The authors recommend mandatory training for HR professionals, recruiters, and applicants in the strategic use and placement of SNS profiles in the public domain.     

不同社交网站使用与大学生抑郁的关系:链式中介模型

为探讨不同社交网站使用（微信和微博）和大学生抑郁的关系以及上行社会比较和妒忌在其中的链式中介作用,采用问卷法对481名大学生进行施测。结果发现：（1）微信对大学生抑郁的总效应不显著,而微博对大学生抑郁的总效应显著,即微博使用越多,抑郁越多;（2）微信使用既可以直接负向预测抑郁,也可以通过上行社会比较和妒忌的链式中介作用间接地正向预测抑郁;而微博使用不能直接预测抑郁,其效应完全由上行社会比较和妒忌所链式中介。研究提示,微信使用和微博使用与大学生抑郁的关系及其机制是不同的,微信比微博有更复杂的作用机制和多种效应。     

不同社交网站使用与大学生抑郁的关系:链式中介模型

为探讨不同社交网站使用（微信和微博）和大学生抑郁的关系以及上行社会比较和妒忌在其中的链式中介作用,采用问卷法对481名大学生进行施测。结果发现：（1）微信对大学生抑郁的总效应不显著,而微博对大学生抑郁的总效应显著,即微博使用越多,抑郁越多;（2）微信使用既可以直接负向预测抑郁,也可以通过上行社会比较和妒忌的链式中介作用间接地正向预测抑郁;而微博使用不能直接预测抑郁,其效应完全由上行社会比较和妒忌所链式中介。研究提示,微信使用和微博使用与大学生抑郁的关系及其机制是不同的,微信比微博有更复杂的作用机制和多种效应。     

青少年社交网站使用对自我概念清晰性的影响:社会比较的中介作用

为探讨青少年的社交网站使用和社会比较对自我概念清晰性的影响及其作用机制,采用社交网站使用强度问卷、社会比较倾向问卷和自我概念清晰问卷对697名中学生进行调查,结果发现:(1)社交网站使用强度和社会比较倾向呈显著正相关,而社交网站使用强度和社会比较倾向都与自我概念清晰性呈显著负相关。(2)社交网站使用对自我概念清晰性不仅有显著的直接预测效应,还能通过社会比较倾向的间接作用对自我概念清晰性产生影响。     

社交网站使用与妒忌:向上社会比较的中介作用及自尊的调节作用

采用方便抽样法对630名具有社交网站使用经验的大学生进行问卷调查,探讨社交网站使用对妒忌的影响,以及向上社会比较、自尊在其中的作用机制。结果表明:(1)社交网站使用显著正向预测妒忌;(2)向上社会比较在社交网站使用与妒忌之间起部分中介作用;(3)该中介效应受到自尊的调节。具体来说,相对于高自尊大学生,低自尊大学生的向上社会比较产生更多妒忌。     

社交网站中的自我呈现对青少年友谊质量的影响:积极反馈的中介作用

随着网络的日益普及,社交网站已成为人们活动的新领域和人际交往的新媒介。为探讨社交网站中不同的自我呈现方式、积极反馈与友谊质量的关系,采用问卷法对来自武汉市两所普通中学的817名10~19岁的学生进行调查,其中,男生423人,女生366人。研究采用偏差矫正的百分位Bootstrap法,使用Hayes(2012)编制的SPSS宏对中介效应进行检验,结果发现:(1)真实自我呈现和积极自我呈现与积极反馈、友谊质量显著正相关;(2)社交网站中的真实自我呈现既能直接预测青少年的友谊质量,也能通过积极反馈的中介作用对友谊质量产生影响,而积极自我呈现对青少年的友谊质量没有直接预测作用,只能通过积极反馈的完全中介作用对友谊质量产生影响。     

被动性社交网站使用与错失焦虑症：压力知觉的中介与乐观的调节

本研究为考察被动性社交网站使用对移动社交媒体环境下大学生错失焦虑症的预测,以及压力知觉的中介作用、乐观的调节作用与性别差异,选取443名大学生进行问卷调查。结果表明：（1）被动性社交网站使用通过直接预测与压力知觉的中介作效应两种方式作用于错失焦虑症;（2）乐观调节中介模型的直接路径,在低乐观水平下,被动性社交网站使用对错失焦虑症的预测作用显著;在高乐观水平下,该预测作用不显著;（3）中介效应与调节效应存在性别差异：在女生群体中,压力知觉的中介效应大于男生群体;而乐观的调节效应仅存在于男生群体中。     

错失恐惧与社交网站成瘾：有调节的中介模型

为探讨错失恐惧、自我损耗及关系型自我构念对社交网站成瘾的影响及作用机制,本研究基于有限自制力模型,采用问卷法调查了526名微信朋友圈或QQ空间的大学生用户。结果发现：（1）在控制性别的条件下,错失恐惧能显著正向预测社交网站成瘾;（2）错失恐惧还通过自我损耗的中介作用间接预测社交网站成瘾;（3）关系型自我构念调节错失恐惧通过自我损耗预测社交网站成瘾的前半路径。具体来说,相比于低关系型自我构念个体,高关系型自我构念个体的错失恐惧更多地通过自我损耗影响其社交网站成瘾。     

The Influence of Applicant Communication Style and Interviewer Characteristics on Hiring Decisions1

This study examined the influence of the gender and communication style of job applicants, as well as the gender and sex-role stereotyping of interviewers, on hiring decisions. Fifty-six personnel officers viewed videotapes of simulated employment interviews, in which male and female candidates used either aggressive, assertive, or nonassertive styles of communication. Personnel officers rated job candidates on likeability, similarity to the officers themselves, and hireability. Interviewers were most likely to employ assertive applicants, and the sex-role stereotypes of interviewers did not influence their perceptions of these candidates. Sex-role beliefs, however, did affect evaluations of aggressive and nonassertive job applicants. Interviewers who were low in sex-role stereotyping were more likely to hire a nonassertive than an aggressive candidate, while interviewers with higher levels of sex-role stereotyping were more likely to hire aggressive candidates. For assertive candidates, judgments by the interviewers of the perceived similarity of the candidate to themselves and their liking for the applicant both influenced their decision to hire the candidate. For aggressive and nonassertive candidates, however, the interviewers' liking toward the candidate mediated the relationship between perceived similarity and hiring decisions.     

Examining the Role of Applicant Faking in Hiring Decisions: Percentage of Fakers Hired and Hiring Discrepancies in Single- and Multiple-Predictor Selection

Purpose  

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of applicant faking on personnel selection outcomes (fakers hired and hiring discrepancies) across single-predictor (conscientiousness alone) and multiple-predictor (combinations of conscientiousness and cognitive ability) selection methods.     

Impressions on Social Networking Sites: Examining the Influence of Frequency of Status Updates and Likes on Judgments of Observers

This study explores how the number of status updates and markers of approval on social networking site profiles affect observers’ impressions of a profile owner’s personality and character. Using signaling theory and Brunswik’s lens model, the broader aim of this study was to examine whether the presentation of content on profiles affects inference making of the profile owner’s character. An experimental design was employed among college students to test whether the frequency of status updates and “Likes” on those updates affect initial impressions of a profile owner’s psychological state and social skills deficits and in turn later appraisals of attractiveness and credibility. The findings indicated that fewer status updates on a profile led to judgments of the profile owner as more depressed and socially unskilled than owners who post status updates more frequently. Impressions concerning depression and social skills deficits biased later judgments of the owner’s attractiveness but not credibility.     

The Impact of Applicant Faking on Selection Measures,Hiring Decisions,and Employee Performance

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of applicant faking and its impact on the psychometric properties of the selection measure, the quality of hiring decisions, and employee performance.

Design/Methodology/Approach

This study utilized a within-subjects design where responses on a self-report measure were obtained for 162 individuals both when they applied for a pharmaceutical sales position, and after they were hired. Training performance data was collected at the completion of sales training and sales data was collected 5 months later.

Findings

Applicant faking was a common occurrence, with approximately half of the individuals being classified as a faker on at least one of the dimensions contained in the self-report measure. In addition, faking was found to negatively impact the psychometric properties of the selection measure, as well as the quality of potential hiring decisions made by the organization. Further, fakers exhibited lower levels of performance than non-fakers.

Implications

These findings indicate that past conclusions that applicant faking is either uncommon or does not negatively impact the selection system and/or organizational performance may be unwarranted.

Originality/Value

Remarkably few studies have examined applicant faking using a within-subjects design using actual job applicants, which has limited our understanding of applicant faking. Even fewer studies have attempted to link faking to criterion data to evaluate the impact of faking on employee performance. By utilizing this design and setting, the present study provides a unique glimpse into both the prevalence of faking and the significant impact faking can have on organizations.     

社交网站使用对体像满意度的影响:体像比较的中介作用和自我客体化的调节作用

为探讨社交网站使用强度对青少年体像满意度的影响和其中的作用机制,采用社交网站使用强度量表、体像比较量表、体像不满量表和自我客体化量表对1469名中学生(736名男生,733名女生)进行研究,结果表明:(1)青少年社交网站使用强度与体像比较显著正相关,与体像满意度显著负相关,女生体像比较与体像满意度显著负相关,男生则不显著。(2)女生社交网站使用通过体像比较的部分中介作用预测体像满意度,且体像比较的中介作用受到自我客体化的调节。研究结果进一步揭示了女生社交网站使用与体像满意度关系的作用机制,有助于指导青少年女生积极健康地进行网络社交活动。