谈谈哲学上的物质概念与物质观的建立问题

当前关于辩证唯物主义哲学的物质概念和物质观问题的讨论中,有一种观点认为,列宁给物质概念下的定义只是回答了物质和意识的关系问题,没有回答物质本身是什么,因之,它只是一个认识论的物质概念,需要制定一个本体论的物质概念。对此,我     

澎湃的物质年代

看起来,富人比穷人更需要钱。 穷人只有在需要的时候,才想起钱。而富人未必需要,却时时刻刻惦记着钱。所以,穷人只是偶尔被钱所困,而富人是常常被钱所困。     

评“社会物质”概念

旧唯物主义强调人是自然界的产物,人及其周围的感性客体是物质的。这只是自然的唯物主义,而不是历史的唯物主义。马克思的“实践唯物主义”则认为,社会生活和历史的基础和本质,不是旧唯物主     

论西方文化理论的困境及出路

20世纪60年代中期以来,西方政治左派便开始呈现出一种文化理论研究的转向。①这一转向不只是理论主题的转移,也意味着理论逻辑和政治立场的重大转变。经由这一转向,马克思主义通过向女权主义、消费主义、后现代主义和后殖民主义等话语的渗透或与之结成同盟,生产出抵抗与批判资     

略论传统伦理文化的内容特征及价值

优秀的传统伦理文化在民族和社会发展史上曾起过重大的作用。这种作用在今天仍然不可低估。我们应该利用它来养育、熏陶我们的人民特别是青少年一代的精神品质,并使之与社会主义、共产主义道德教育相衔接,以切实提高全民族的思想道德素质,为建设有中国特色的社会主义精神文明,培养“有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律”的社会主义新人服务。 中国传统伦理文化之历史悠久、博大精深,并深深植根于民族的心灵,为世界所仅见。其内容决不象有人所讲的仅仅是“三纲五常”、“男尊女卑”,其功能特征,也不能仅仅归结为只是压抑人的个性、为封建剥削压迫制度服务,而是     

荀子“天人关系”辨正

荀子论天,在突出自然之形而下之天的同时也言具有创生意义之形而上之天。＂明于天人之分＂只是荀子＂天人关系＂的起点,其终点是要走向更高层次的天人之合。     

哲学基本问题和物质概念——兼评所谓本体论的物质概念

近几年来,国内报刊上发表了不少讨论物质概念的文章,讨论主要集中在物质的定义问题上。有相当一部分同志认为,列宁的物质定义仅仅回答了物质和意识的相互关系问题,因此只是一个认识论的物质概念。他们提出,现在需要从性质不同的另外一类问题,即从物质和物质的属性的关系问题出发,再制定一个所谓本体论的物质概念(见宋汉年:《试论实体和场的统一体是物质的最基本的存在方式》,载《贵州社会科学》1980年第1期。以下凡引自该     

物质范畴座谈会简介

座谈会于1989年12月26日在北京大学举行。这次会议是由北京市哲学会和北京市高教学会哲学教学研究会联合发起的。应邀与会的有在京的理论物理学家和哲学家何祚庥、肖前、黄楠森、朱德生、赵光武、谢龙、陈志尚、黄顺基、柳树滋、孙小礼、高达声等十余人。大家着重就以下问题开展了认真而热烈的讨论。 (一)关于微观领域的物质及其规律的客观性与认识的主体性问题近些年来,我国学术界的有些同志用量子力学、相对论和信息论的现代科学成果,来论证认识的主体性和主体性原则。金观涛则胡说“那种独立于我们意识和意识之外的客体或性质只是一个古老的幻梦!”那么,上述观点能否站得住脚?量子力学的“测不准”,是微观粒子本身的性质所决定的还是由于测量仪器的干扰?狭义相对论的“尺缩短、钟变慢”现象     

心学与中国文化的复兴

<正> 心学是中国传统文化的精髓,所以谈心学自然联想到中国文化的前途。但这个题目很大,限于篇幅,只讲述一个提要。一、心学是中国传统文化的核心大陆流行的中国哲学史研究专书,均把陆(象山)王(阳明)哲学称为“心学”。中国大百科全书哲学卷、辞海、辞源也都把“心学”等同于“陆王哲学”。这虽只是一种称名,但也是一种理解和概括,原来颇为不妥。因为心学本不专属于陆王,正像气学不专属于王充、张载一样。陆象山说:“圣人之学,心学也。”(《象山全集·叙》)他这样说,决不是为了故意     

略谈宗教文化研究

摆在我面前的,是带有几分泥土气息的《贵州宗教文化研究丛书》的梗概。细品书名,有三个问题需要回答:为什么要研究“宗教”?为什么要研究“宗教文化”?为什么要研究“贵州宗教文化”?一、为什么要研究“宗教”?马克思说,“宗教只是虚幻的太阳,当人没有围绕自身转动的时候,它总是围绕着人转动。”也就是说,人在实现彻底解放自己,使自己成为真正自由的人、全面发展的人——达到“围绕着人自身转动”的漫长的过程中,总有“围绕着人转动”的宗教会与之相生相伴,如影随形,挥之不去。于是,观察、研究宗教,就是以改造世界、发展自己为己任的人类,不…     

Monism and Material Constitution

Are the sculpture and the mass of gold which permanently makes it up one object or two? In this article, we argue that the monist, who answers ‘one object’, cannot accommodate the asymmetry of material constitution. To say ‘the mass of gold materially constitutes the sculpture, whereas the sculpture does not materially constitute the mass of gold’, the monist must treat ‘materially constitutes’ as an Abelardian predicate, whose denotation is sensitive to the linguistic context in which it appears. We motivate this approach in terms of modal analyses of material constitution, but argue that ultimately it fails. The monist must instead accept a deflationary, symmetrical use of ‘materially constitutes’. We argue that this is a serious cost for her approach.     

Material through and through

Philosophical Studies - Materialists about human persons think that we are material through and through—wholly material beings. Those who endorse materialism more widely think that everything...     

Conditional Reasoning with Realistic Material

Four experiments are reported which investigated the types of truth tables that people associate with conditional sentences and the kinds of inferences that they will draw from them. The present studies differed from most previous ones in using different types of content in the conditionals, for example promises and warnings. It was found that the type of content had a strong and consistent effect on both truth tables and inferences. It is suggested that this is because in real life conditionals make probabilistic assertions, and that the strength of the probabilistic link is determined by the situation in which the conditional occurs. The implications of these findings for current theories of reasoning are considered and it is concluded that none of them is entirely satisfactory. It is suggested that more linguistically based theories may prove more successful.     

Using Disguised Clinical Case Material

When, why, and how clinicians decide to write about clients are ethical concerns. There are risks and potential clinical ramifications as well as responsibilities for how these decisions are made. On the basis of 141 interviews with psychoanalysts who have published in 3 major national and international psychoanalytic journals, the author explores decisions about whether to only disguise the client's material or whether, in addition, to ask consent outlines and some of the clinical consequences. The author concludes that clinicians need to individualize their decision making based on the particular client and the nature of the therapeutic relationship and offers ways to go about making these judgments.