共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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社会性害怕和内疚都属于个体体验到的消极情绪,但这两种消极情绪对个体而言都有积极的社会意义,本研究采用临床访谈的方法,以9岁和11岁儿童为被试,探讨他们对内疚与社会性害怕这两种情绪的理解能力,结果发现,(1)随年龄的增长,9-11岁儿童对内疚情绪的理解能力不断提高,但儿童到了11岁仍然不能很好地理解内疚的第二、第三层次。(2)相对于模糊故事,在内疚故事中,儿童表现出更高的对内疚三个层次的理解。(3)两个年龄组的儿童都能很好地理解社会性害怕情绪。因而本研究认为,儿童对社会性害怕情绪的理解明显好于对内疚情绪的理解,且儿童对内疚的理解可能建立在对社会性害怕理解的基础上。 相似文献
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研究试图考察5~9岁儿童对梦的可控性的理解及其发展趋势.研究以半结构式访谈的方法测查了5岁、7岁、9岁各36名共108名儿童.访谈内容包括四个故事情景,故事的主人公想梦到或不想梦到某事物.其中两个故事情景带有正性或负性情绪色彩,其余两个故事情景带有中性情绪色彩.要求被试判断主人公是否会梦到该事物,并给出自己的理由.研究结果发现:(1)9岁儿童比5岁、7岁儿童更好地理解梦是不受个体意愿控制的心理过程;(2)5岁儿童倾向于认为负性情绪且不想梦见的梦较中性情绪且不想梦见的梦更容易被控制,而7岁、9岁儿童则不这么认为.这些结果说明随着年龄增长,儿童逐渐认识到梦是不可控的心理过程,而且5岁儿童认为负性梦更容易控制. 相似文献
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运用故事情境的临床访谈方法,本研究考察了4岁和6岁儿童在亲社会情境的道德情绪判断及其归因模式,研究结果表明:(1)在亲社会道德情境中,年幼儿童倾向于判断行为者产生消极的情绪体验,年长儿童则作出积极的情绪判断;(2)在归因定向中,4岁儿童以结果定向为主,6岁儿童出现了由结果定向到道德定向的过渡;(3)亲社会情境的类型不影响儿童的道德情绪判断及归因;(4)在观点采择任务中,甚至4岁儿童也能对自己的情绪体验作出合乎道德准则的判断和归因。 相似文献
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Aggressive and prosocial children's emotion attributions and moral reasoning were investigated. Participants were 235 kindergarten children (M=6.2 years) and 136 elementary-school children (M=7.6 years) who were selected as aggressive or prosocial based on (kindergarten) teacher ratings. The children were asked to evaluate hypothetical rule violations, attribute emotions they would feel in the role of the victimizer, and justify their responses. Compared with younger prosocial children, younger aggressive children attributed fewer negative emotions and were more likely to provide sanction-oriented justifications when evaluating rule violations negatively. Furthermore, age-, gender- and context-effects in moral development occurred. The context-effects included both effects of transgression type (i.e., prosocial morality vs. fairness) on emotion attributions and moral reasoning and the effects of the context of moral evaluation and emotion attribution on moral reasoning. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of emotion attributions and moral reasoning as antecedents of children's aggressive and prosocial behavior. 相似文献
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行为意图与行为结果的匹配关系对儿童道德情绪判断及归因影响的实验研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
运用故事情境的临床访谈方法,考察了不同匹配情境对4-6岁儿童道德情绪判断及归因的影响.结果表明(1)当行为意图与行为结果匹配时,即便4岁幼儿也能做出正确的道德和情绪判断;当两者非匹配时,儿童的道德判断和情绪判断都不稳定;(2)在情绪归因过程中,年幼儿童以结果定向为主,年长儿童以意图定向为主;(3)4-6岁儿童在情绪判断任务中不存在年龄差异;(4)道德情境的冲突性因素影响了幼儿的道德情绪判断及归因. 相似文献
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采用故事情境法探讨6~10岁儿童对损人情境下损人者和旁观者的道德情绪判断与归因的发展。结果发现:(1)在损人情境下,6岁儿童能理解损人行为是不对的,但直到8岁儿童才能理解旁观行为是不对的;(2)随着年龄增长,儿童判断损人者的愉悦程度逐渐降低,情绪归因从结果定向过渡到道德定向;儿童判断旁观者的愉悦程度逐渐降低,情绪归因从无法有效归因过渡到道德定向;(3)儿童对不同行为者的道德情绪判断同时受年龄和性别的影响,6岁男孩判断损人者愉悦程度显著高于女孩,6岁男孩判断旁观者愉悦程度显著低于女孩;8岁和10岁儿童对两类行为者的道德情绪判断未发现显著的性别差异。 相似文献
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Berti AE Garattoni C Venturini B 《Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs》2000,126(3):293-318
Children's understanding of sadness and guilt and of guilt and shame were examined in two separate studies, each involving a total of 60 Italian children aged 5-6, 7-8, and 9-10 years. For each emotion, the children were individually interviewed; they were asked to describe antecedents, thoughts characterizing the emotion that was the subject of the interview, and the action tendencies a person might use in response to the emotion. The children were also asked if, and if so, how, the presence of a parent might affect the emotion, and how they would cope with the situation. Results showed that at all the ages considered in this study, the children knew about the three emotions, although there were some age differences related to the depth of their understanding. Such data show that children's understanding of social emotions occurs earlier than claimed in previous studies that have focused mainly on antecedents. 相似文献
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de Hooge IE Nelissen RM Breugelmans SM Zeelenberg M 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2011,100(3):462-473
For centuries economists and psychologists have argued that the morality of moral emotions lies in the fact that they stimulate prosocial behavior and benefit others in a person's social environment. Many studies have shown that guilt, arguably the most exemplary moral emotion, indeed motivates prosocial behavior in dyadic social dilemma situations. When multiple persons are involved, however, the moral and prosocial nature of this emotion can be questioned. The present article shows how guilt can have beneficial effects for the victim of one's actions but also disadvantageous effects for other people in the social environment. A series of experiments, with various emotion inductions and dependent measures, all reveal that guilt motivates prosocial behavior toward the victim at the expense of others around-but not at the expense of oneself. These findings illustrate that a thorough understanding of the functioning of emotions is necessary to understand their moral nature. 相似文献
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One line of research on children's attributions of guilt suggests that 3‐year‐olds attribute negative emotion to self‐serving victimizers, slightly older children attribute happiness, and with increasing age, attributions become negative again (i.e., a three‐step model; Yuill et al., 1996, Br. J. Dev. Psychol., 14, 457). Another line of research provides reason to expect that 3‐year‐olds may be predisposed to view self‐serving moral transgression as leading to positive emotion; this is a linear developmental model in which emotion attributions to transgressors become increasingly negative over the course of childhood (e.g., Nunner‐Winkler & Sodian, 1988, Child Dev., 59, 1323). However, key differences in methodology make it difficult to compare across these findings. The present study was designed to address this problem. We asked how 3‐ to 9‐year‐old children (n = 111) reason about transgression scenarios that involve satisfying wicked desires (wanting to cause harm and doing so successfully) versus material desires (wanting an object and getting it successfully via harmful behaviour). Three‐year‐old children reasoned differently about desire and emotion across these two types of transgressions, attributing negative emotion in the case of wicked desires and positive emotion in the case of material desires. This pattern of emotion attribution by young children provides new information about how young children process information about desires and emotions in the moral domain, and it bridges a gap in the existing literature on this topic. 相似文献
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使用追踪设计,以68对母婴为被试,探讨母亲养育质量、陪伴时间影响儿童共情发展的机制。在婴儿期(9、14个月)评估母亲将心比心并调查母亲每周陪伴婴儿的总时间与母亲参与的互动时间;在儿童5岁时,采用“陌生人假装受伤情境”范式测查儿童共情。结果发现:(1)婴儿期母亲恰当的心理相关评论能够正向预测5岁时儿童的行为共情,而对情绪共情与认知共情的预测则受到婴儿期母亲陪伴总时间的调节:母亲恰当的心理相关评论能够显著正向预测陪伴总时间短的儿童的情绪共情与母亲陪伴总时间长的儿童的认知共情;(2)婴儿期母亲不协同的心理相关评论能够显著正向预测儿童5岁时的认知共情;(3)婴儿期母亲陪伴总时间能够显著正向预测5岁时儿童的情绪共情。 相似文献
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Geri M. Lotze Neeraja Ravindran Barbara J. Myers 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(6):702-713
Children with incarcerated mothers are at high risk for developing problem behaviors. Fifty children (6–12 years; 62% girls)
participated in summer camps, along with adult mentors. Regression analyses of child and adult measures of child’s emotion
self-regulation and callous-unemotional traits, and a child measure of moral emotions, showed that poor emotion regulation,
along with low levels of guilt and high levels of shame, predicted children’s externalizing behaviors, while only low levels
of guilt predicted a unique subset of child characteristics called callous-unemotional traits. Children who experienced healthy
guilt for misdeeds were better able to control their behavior. Adults noted the ability of children with callous/unemotional
traits to manage and regulate their emotions, while poor emotion regulation was more predictive of the cluster of externalizing
problems. Discussion focuses on prevention efforts aimed at teaching emotion self-regulation and the implications of the high
levels of callous-unemotional traits in this population of children. 相似文献