Représentations de la société et pratiques éducatives en contexte de disparité culturelle : les choix de scolarisation de l'enfant chez des parents sénégalais

The purpose of this study, including the socio-cultural context of Senegal, is to show how society and social change's representations affect the choice to attend school or not. Representations of the society and of the social change have been apprehended during half directive talks, accomplished with twenty subjects (parents of Senegalese children) and put in evidence by statistical analyses, both lexical and morphosyntactical. It emerges from the results that important changes concerning representations of the society and of the social change - especially according to school attendance's modes - can be observed. Parent's positions on the social change - sometimes ambivalents - underline incoherence of link between society and social change's representations and school attendance's methods in a cross-cultural context.     

Étude développementale de l’interprétation de combinaisons conceptuelles nominales « relation » et « propriété »

The present research addresses how people interpret novel noun-noun conceptual combinations. First, we focused on two types of conceptual combinations: property and relational combinations. Secondly, we manipulated the order of the constituents. Finally, we studied if the interpretation in terms of “Property” or “Relation” changes along with age. So, four groups of 6-, 8- and 10-year-old children and adults participated in a production task. Our results indicated that the interpretations in terms of relation were more frequent for the “Relation” combinations compared to the “Property” ones. Property-transferring interpretations increased with age when Property combinations are presented. The most frequent interpretations followed the order Head noun-Modifier, which is opposite to the order observed in English.     

La professionnalité des psychologues : acquisition de compétences et processus de professionnalisation

The aim of this work is to study professions from a psychosocial perspective. As such, a semi-structured questionnaire was used to detect the “specific” and “transversal” competences of two professional groups: psychologists and educators. The results show the job seniority and the intervention area are the two elements, linked to the professional context, more involved into the development of the perception of oneself competence and consequently into professionalisation process. The psychologic dimensions, we supposed implied into the development of competence process - for example Self efficacy and Professional commitment - were competence premonitory elements, implied in the professionalisation process, too.     

Interfaith Families; Personal Stories of Jewish–Christian Intermarriage – Jane Kaplan

Book reviewed:
Interfaith Families; Personal Stories of Jewish–Christian Intermarriage , Jane Kaplan, Seabury Books 2005 (1-59627-011-X), xv + 237 pp., pb $20.00     

Le cycle journée/nuit : étude du développement des connaissances chez l’enfant français et comparaison de méthodes

The aim of this work is to study the knowledge development process about night and day cycle during ontogeny, by comparing two diverging theoretical and methodological approaches, on 178 elementary school children (6-7 years old, 8-9 years old and 10-11 years old). We hypothesis that the dimension (2D/3D) of the representation, the question type (open versus forced choice) and the age of the student have an effect on the amount of correct answers and on the coherence between the answers. The results show that the knowledge acquisition process regarding night and day cycle follows a gradual path during ontogeny and that the method used has a significant effect on the number of correct answers given by the children. Indeed, heliocentric model is given minority when children are asked with open questions (only 31% of the children). On the contrary 76% of them choose the heliocentric perspective when asked with forced-choice questions. The support's dimension (2D/3D) has no effect.     

A–Z of Thomas Aquinas – Joseph P. Wawrykow

Book reviewed:
A–Z of Thomas Aquinas , Joseph P. Wawrykow, SCM Press 2005 (0-334-04012-4), xviii + 190 pp., pb £22.99     

Belonging – Lucinda Mosher

Book reviewed:
Belonging , Lucinda Mosher, Church Publishing 2005 (1-59627-010-1), 186 pp., pb $15.00     

Origine de l’effet longueur de mots en mémoire à court terme verbale chez l’enfant

The current study investigated the determinants of the word length effect in five-, seven-, and nine-year-old children building on Henry (Q J Exp Psychol 43A (1991a) 35-52) previous work. Henry postulated that the word length effect observed in children was caused by verbal output and not rehearsal. Children were given an immediate serial recall task where full verbal recall is required and an immediate probed recall task where only one of the items has to be recall (the item indicated by the experimenter). In the probed recall task, the spatial probe previously used by Henry and criticized by Gathercole and Hitch (Gathercole, S.E., Hitch, G.J., 1993. Developmental Changes in Short-Term Memory: a Revised Working Memory Perspective. In: Collins A. F., Gathercole S. E., Conway M. A., Morris P. E. (Eds.), Theories of Memory. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hove, pp. 189-209) was changed for a pure verbal probe. Our results indicated that 5-, 7-, and 9-year-old children were sensitive to words length when full verbal recall was required. On the contrary, word length effects were not found in five-, seven-, and nine-year-old children when recall was restricted to just one item. These results lend further support to Henry's hypothesis suggesting that the word length effect operates at recall time, through output delay.     

Race – Kenneth Leech

Book reviewed:
Race , Kenneth Leech, Church Publishing Inc 2005 (0-89869-495-7), xi + 160 pp., pb $20.00     

Brouwer’s Notion of ‘Egoicity’

Axiomathes - According to Brouwer’s ‘theory of the exodus of consciousness’, our experience includes ‘egoicity’, a distinct kind of feeling. In this paper, we (i)...     

The SCM Press A–Z of Evangelical Theology – Roger E. Olson

Book reviewed:
The SCM Press A–Z of Evangelical Theology , Roger E. Olson, SCM Press 2005 (0-334-04011-6), 328 pp., pb £22.99     

Christ and Culture – Graham Ward

Book reviewed:
Christ and Culture , Graham Ward, Blackwell 2005 (hb 1-4051-2140-8; pb 1-4051-2141-6), x + 277 pp., hb $84.95/£50.00, pb $34.95/£22.99     

“Do Unto Others”: Effects of Priming the Golden Rule on Buddhists’ and Christians’ Attitudes Toward Gay People

The Golden Rule, a core precept of many religions, emphasizes the importance of treating others with compassion. We examined whether priming Golden Rule messages would influence Buddhists’ and Christians’ attitudes toward gay people and perceptions that homosexuality is a choice. In a priming task, participants filled in missing words for popular quotations including two Golden Rule messages that were attributed to either Buddha or Jesus. Christians ( N = 585) in the Buddha‐attributed Golden Rule condition showed stronger explicit anti‐gay attitudes and were more likely to agree that homosexuality is a choice than Christians in the Jesus‐attributed or control conditions, = .012, = .035, even after controlling for political orientation and religiosity. Buddhists ( = 394) showed no variation in attitudes across priming conditions, = .001, = .78. Our results suggest that although the Golden Rule has an important influence on believers, its message of compassion may produce more prejudice if it comes from an outgroup source compared to an ingroup source.     

Troubles du langage et séquelles linguistiques dans l'épilepsie partielle rolandique

Partial rolandic epilepsy (PRE), a benign epilepsy of childhood having its onset between age 3 and 13, is characterized by the presence of epileptic activity localized in the central or midtemporal regions. In this study, we assessed language function in 27 children aged 7-16, currently affected by PRE or in remission: 41% of them showed language impairment. Moreover we found persistent language difficulties in children in remission. It is argued that these results are compatible with the hypothesis that an early epileptic disorder is likely to disturb language development, when it occurs during a critical period for language development.     

LATE – eine neue Demenzentität

psychopraxis. neuropraxis -     

‘MusiMath’ and ‘Academic Music’ – Two music‐based intervention programs for fractions learning in fourth grade students

Music and mathematics require abstract thinking and using symbolic notations. Controversy exists regarding transfer from musical training to math achievements. The current study examined the effect of two integrated intervention programs representing holistic versus acoustic approaches, on fraction knowledge. Three classes of fourth graders attended 12 lessons on fractions: One class attended the ‘MusiMath’ holistic program (n = 30) focusing on rhythm within the melody. Another class attended the ‘Academic Music’ acoustic program (Courey et al., Educ Stud Math 81:251, 2012) (n = 25) which uses rhythm only. The third class received regular fraction lessons (comparison group, n = 22). Students in both music programs learned to write musical notes and perform rhythmic patterns through clapping and drumming as part of their fraction lessons. They worked toward adding musical notes to produce a number (fraction), and created addition/subtraction problems with musical notes. The music programs used a 4/4 time signature with whole, half, quarter and eighth notes. In the math lessons, the students learned the analogy between musical durations and fractions, but also practiced fractions other than . Music and math were assessed before, immediately following, and 3‐ and 6‐months post‐intervention. Pre‐ to post‐intervention analyses indicated that only the ‘MusiMath’ group showed greater transfer to intervention‐trained and untrained fractions than the comparison group. The ‘Academic Music’ group showed a trend on trained fractions. Although both music groups outperformed the comparison group 3‐ and 6‐months post‐intervention on trained fractions, only the ‘MusiMath’ group demonstrated greater gains in untrained fractions. Gains were more evident in trained than in untrained fractions. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/uJ_KWWDO624     

VITESSE D'HABITUATION VISUELLE CHEZ DES BÉBÉS IVOIRIENS ET FRANÇAIS

A comparison of the habituation rate of two infant populations was performed: Ivory Coast and French 3-, 5- and 8-month-olds. The same age evolution of the habituation performance was observed, but no differences were found between the two cultures at any age. The African infant's lead in development as shown by infant tests is not observed with the habituation paradigm. If such data are confirmed, they will lead to the conclusion that the difference is more a motor than a cognitive one.     

ONCE MORE . . .

Books reviewed:
The Major World Religions : An Introduction with Texts , T. Patrick Burke, Second Edition, Blackwell 2004 (1-4051-1049-X), pp. xix + 380, Pb £17.99/$34.95 Reviewed by Isabel Wollaston University of Birmingham
The Biblical World , two volumes, John Barton (ed.), Routledge 2004 (0-415-34954-0), Hb £45 Reviewed by Deryn Guest University of Birmingham
Matthew : A Commentary, Volume 1 : The Christbook (Matthew 1–12) , Frederick Dale Bruner, Revised and Expanded Edition, Eerdmans 2004 (0-8028-1118-3), pp. xlviii + 604, Hb £34.95/$45 Matthew : A Commentary, Volume 2 : The Churchbook (Matthew 13–18) , Frederick Dale Bruner, Revised and Expanded Edition, Eerdmans 2004 (0-8028-2670-9), pp. xxxii + 854, Hb £34.95/$45 Reviewed by Philip Seddon University of Birmingham
Religion in the Medieval World , Bernard Hamilton, Second Edition, Arnold Publishers 2003 (0-340-80839-X), pp. ix + 196, Pb £14.99 Reviewed by Stephen Morris New York
A History of the Popes 1830–1914 , Owen Chadwick, Oxford History of the Christian Church, Oxford University Press 2003 (0-19-926286-1), pp. x + 614, Pb £25 Reviewed by Isabel Wollaston University of Birmingham
Religion and American Culture : A Reader , David G. Hackett (ed.), Second Edition, Routledge 2003 (0-415-94273-X), pp. xvi + 550, Pb £22.95 Reviewed by Jeffrey Marlett The College of Saint Rose, New York
Cut Loose Your Stammering Tongue : Black Theology in the Slave Narrative , Dwight N. Hopkins and George C.L. Cummings (eds), Second Edition, Westminster John Knox Press 2003 (0-664-22521-7), pp. xvi + 205, Pb $24.95 Reviewed by Isabel Wollaston University of Birmingham     

ONCE MORE . . .

Books reviewed:
A History of the Sikhs, Volume 1: 1469–1839 , Khushwant Singh, Oxford University Press 2005 (0-1956-7308-5), xiv + 434 pp., pb $24.95
A History of the Sikhs, Volume 2: 1839–2004 , Khushwant Singh, Oxford University Press 2005 (0-1956-7309-3), xiv + 575 pp., pb $24.95 Reviewed by Nirmal Singh Hindu University of America
Keepers of the Story: Oral Traditions in Religion , Megan McKenna, Seabury Books 2004 (1-59627-006-3), xi + 211 pp., pb $16 Reviewed by David Tonghou Ngong Baylor University
A Concise Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Religion , Anthony C. Thiselton, Baker Academic 2005 (0-8010-3120-6), viii + 344 pp., pb $24.99 Reviewed by Owen Anderson Arizona State University West
The Modern Theologians: An Introduction to Christian Theology since 1918 , David F. Ford, Rachel Muers (eds), Blackwells 2005 (1-4051-0277-2), xxi + 819 pp., pb £19.99 Reviewed by Philip McCosker Peterhouse, Cambridge     

Revisionist Koran Hermeneutics in Contemporary Turkish University Theology: Rethinking Islam – Felix Körner

Book reviewed:
Revisionist Koran Hermeneutics in Contemporary Turkish University Theology: Rethinking Islam , Felix Körner, Ergon Verlag 2005 (3-89913-373-0), 230 pp., n/p