Améliorer la communication et gérer l'opposition à l'adolescence par la pratique de la Lutte Éducative

This paper presents and defines concept of “Educational Wrestling” as a particular wrestling's approach based on the self-knowledge, on the body, mental, emotional and relational levels of the person. By direct physical confrontation that it implies, this is an activity with high emotional load, having educational psychoqualities, which we discuss in a clinical approach of management of the affects, identity construction and mode of relation to the other. Our remarks are illustrated by clinical cases of four 12 years aged pupils, presenting difficulties of integration, behaviour and/or expression. The analysis of these young people during a cycle of five meetings of Educational Wrestling (starting from recordings video and of talks) makes it possible to describe qualitatively the changes observed following this workshop.     

Prévenir les troubles de la cognition spatiale chez l'enfant atteint d'IMC : apports de la biomécanique du mouvement

Because the lesion occurs when the cerebral system did not complete its maturation, one cannot envisage the consequence of a cerebral palsy on the motor development nor on the psychological development. To successed in the modelization of the motricity of children with cerebral palsy, the theorical approaches of the biomechanic of movment are relevant rather than approaches of neurosciences in which the movement is the product of a central programming. The aim of the paper is to show an original way of work for the investigation of the nature of the link which exists between the quality of the gesture production and the space organization disorders. If this link is confirmed we will be able to care in a preventive way in young children with cerebral palsy. It will be possible to identify precociously the motor patterns and to consider the accompaniment and the shoring of the motor experience.     

Analyse de la dispersion des indices du WISC-IV en utilisant l'écart significatif par rapport à la moyenne des quatre indices

The discontinuation of traditional Verbal and Performance IQs in the WISC-IV and their replacement by four Indices lead to important modifications in practitioners' habits. The scatter analysis of the composite scores should be now considered in another way. In this paper, we advocate the use of the average index score as a baseline to analyze the Index score variability and to identify strengths and weaknesses in the profile of the Index scores. Davis's formula was used to compute reference values that can be used to highlight the Index scores significantly moving away from the average index score. The method was used for analyzing the Index score scatter in the standardization sample of the French adaptation of the WISC-IV. A rather important dispersion of the Index scores around the average index score was observed. More than 60% of the standardization sample showed at least one Index scores significantly moving away from the average index score. This variability was unrelated to gender, age and IQ level.     

Quel cadre pour les groupes d'analyse de la pratique ?

The article recounts an uncommon experience in which analysis of clinical situations in a group setting is led and animated by a psychologist who is a member of the same institution as the group of personnel requesting the clinical analysis. Due to the fact that the psychologist is also a member of the institution, this setting seems to go against the psychoanalytical theory, which serves as the main reference for this type of analysis. However, the author hypothesizes that this type of setting may allow a genuine process of subjective elaboration, provided that certain conditions are established in order to respect the principles of "transitional analysis" as defined by D. Anzieu. In this way, it is possible to respond to certain situations, which are organized by experiences or impressions of the "basic default" as theorized by M. Balint, and presented as very little differentiated request.     

Sur la différenciation des aptitudes cognitives de l'enfant

Data from the standardization sample of a French intelligence scale for children aged from 4 to 9 years (Échelles Différentielles d'Efficiences Intellectuelles) were examined to verify the ability differentiation hypothesis. The whole sample (n = 574) was divided into three age groups (4–5, 6–7 and 8–9 years) and multisample confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Results showed that correlations between subtests, factor loadings, correlation between factors, and residual variance of subtests were similar across age groups. This finding doesn't seem to be the consequence of a sampling bias or a positive correlation between age and reliability or variability of subtest scores. Like results of other recent research on this question, it challenges the hypothesis of a differentiation of abilities during childhood, at least when studies are conducted with intellectual composite scales applied to unselected samples of participants.     

Le passage de haies : de la réalité sportive en heptathlon à la réalité subjective d'Emma

The major dimension of this article is to point out the importance of psychological follow-up with sporting teenagers. Emma's example illustrates the inherent transitions from this period of age in the specific context of the high level sport. For Emma, the passage of hurdle becomes the metaphor of its psychical conflict. The counter performance which appears in the passage of hurdle announces its ambivalence with regard to its personal history within realities of sport cultures. This making sense of the sporting problems within the framework of the psychological follow-up can help to exceed this difficulty of passage and to support its engagement like subject of its own desire on the way of its realization in the sporting act.     

La formation en psychologie : du savoir à la culture

What do we exactly do, when we use academic studies to train a psychologist? This paper explores the idea that, besides transmitting theoretical knowledge and practical skills, we accompany the students through an intense identity reorganisation, a migration crisis which for them is implied by the discovery of the psychological culture. It is based upon the author's practice, as a psychologist and teacher, with mature students, whose experience constitutes a magnifiying glass to understand the process of this reorganization. Along this way, psychological knowledge cannot be envisioned only as an object to be transmitted, but as an object to be constructed: the model of knowledge acquisition is transformed into a model of reinforcement of thought.     

Trouble ou symptôme,comment penser la psychopathologie contemporaine ?

Since a few years child and adolescent behaviour troubles are a rising consultation motive and the subject of many debates. Our hypothesis is that behind the appearance of a similar symptomatology the underlying problematics are always singular. We can distinguish between the clinical listening to psychic problematics and the revelation of psychopathologic expression modalities developed by the patients. In a work with children and their relatives we propose to go beyond the expressed trouble in order to locate its symptom value for the child and his/her parents.     

Clinique de la souffrance en milieu judiciaire : plaidoyer pour un cadre élargi

We think about the practise of the psychologist in judicial milieu who accompany adolescents or adults accused, before judgment. We suggest that this people address a specific demand on the social environment by acting out; their psychic difficulties include the absence of a cure demand. In this context, the verbalisation about the transgressive acting out permit to open a subjectivation work. But for the most suffering patients, the psychologist serve to contain the early life traumatisms, linked to the judicial affair, and which mobilize notably the counter-transference of the clinician. The elaboration of the meet setting, with his paradoxical aspect, constitute one of the conditions to create a relation, in suffering way in the life history of the patient.     

Les erreurs commises lors de la résolution du problème source favorisent-elles le transfert analogique ? Un réexamen de la recherche de Gick et McGarry (1992)

Gick and McGarry (1992) show that inducing source problem difficulty by reducing the salience of its structural elements improves analogical transfer. According to them, this result is explained by similarities between mistakes made when solving the difficult source and target mistakes. In this study, we replicate Gick and McGarry study in order to do an analysis, not made by the authors, in the aim of testing the role of mistakes in analogical transfer. Our results replicate the effects Gick and McGarry observed, but show that theses effects are not explained by mistakes made on the source problem.     

La soumission librement consentie au service de la socialisation de l'Âgé

Desocialisation of the Aged leads to physical and psychic pathologies (Pellissier, 2003). Some old age homes propose to their residents to participate in social activities in order to counter the loss of social roles. However more than half of them never attend these activities. In study 1 (before and after experimental design) and in study 2 (control and experimental design), free compliance procedures (Joule et Beauvois, 1998, 2002) turn out to be useful for helping residents to get out of their isolation: performing both the "But you are free of…" procedure (Guéguen et Pascual, 2000) and the "touching" one (Kleinke, 1977) leads more residents to express the intention to participate in the proposed activity, and to actually participate.     

Les violences et agressions physiques au travail : analyse de la littérature

"The whole of the personnel was put in strike… the reason… one of their colleagues was violently attacked by a user with a knife…". Far from being a news in brief, workplace violence is present within the media; privileged witnesses of an iceberg. Indeed, according to last figures of European investigations, close of an employee on one on ten (9%) known as to have been victim of intimidation on its workplace, and 6% were victims of physical violence. And, however, some advance the idea that the official figures are well far from reality from the company, the majority of the figures relates the violence with even morbid serious after-effects more (Eurogip, 1998). This article will thus stick to work out an inventory of workplace violence and more specifically of physical violence. With this intention, an analysis of 28 articles was carried out starting from various criteria in order to raise conceptual nebula around this phenomenon. Which are the definitions suggested, methodologies used and the results obtained by this research? Thus, this article will open a track of reflexion on the perception of violence at work like occupational hazard but also like a stake of health at the work and public safety.     

Perception de la maladie et adhérence thérapeutique chez des enfants asthmatiques

This study had two objectives. The first one was to adapt and validate the Revised-Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) for children and their parents. The second one was to assess the influence of parent's and children's asthma perception and parent's involvement in treatment on adherence among children suffering asthma. One hundred and forty-six asthmatic children (8–12 years old) and ninety-two parents completed the Revised-Illness Perception Questionnaire and a therapeutic adherence scale. Children who have a good understanding of their illness and who think that their treatment control their asthma, have a better therapeutic adherence. The originality of this research lies in the use of the Illness Perception Questionnaire among children; this could be used in other chronic pediatric diseases.     

Définition de la qualité de vie par des personnes âgées

Semi structured interviews about Quality of Life were conducted with 19 elder persons in France. After performing text analyses of these interviews, 10 dimensions of Quality of Life from the own elder people perspective were defined. Subsequently, from these dimensions, four profiles of quality of life were obtained using the cluster analyses. These profiles of quality of life were discussed in terms of style of adaptation.     

Le processus de diagnostic de maladie d'Alzheimer : l'annonce et la relation médecin–malade

Because of social and personal implications, disclosing an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis to a person is not a simple task for a physician. Positions stated in medical literature and in the legal framework converge towards the idea of informing patients in a clear and detailed manner. The researcher conducted 23 semi-structured interviews involving hospital heathcare providers, majoritarily physicians, in France and Quebec. These interviews show that practices vary according to modes of doctor/patient relationships, representations of Alzheimer's disease, and the organization of the professional sector. Because of the length of the disease and the effects on patients, the issue of disclosing the diagnosis opens a discussion about how to accompany and care for patients and their families in the course of time.     

La qualité de vie d'enfants asthmatiques participant à un programme d'éducation à la maladie

Our purpose is here to study the quality of life of asthmatic children involved in a program of education. Regarding this, we used the “OK. ado” of Manificat and Dazord, the Trait-Anxiety inventory for children of Spielberger, the questionnaires of educative diagnostic “Ce que tu sais” and “À toi de jouer” and our observations during the different sessions of the program of education. The analysis of the results we obtained for the questionnaires of educative diagnostic, and for the Trait-Anxiety inventory, combined with our observations confirmed the elements of the literature: asthma badly affects quality of life among children. It also shows the importance not to neglect the experience of asthmatic children in their treatment. Nevertheless, results obtained for the quality of life questionnaire (“OK. ado”) doesn't reveal the same dissatisfaction of children regarding their quality of life. This contradiction leads us to wonder about the influence of a group into the educational program and about the opposition between assessment of the quality of life and experience of the disease.     

Les directives anticipées et la personne de confiance en gériatrie : de l'émergence de mouvements défensifs à une possibilité d'élaboration psychique sur le vieillissement et la mort proche pour le sujet âgé et sa famille

The object of this study is to identify old people's resistances and their family's, concerning advance directives and the personhood's nomination. Semi-structured interviews were realized by 20 hospital patients and 14 persons living in an old people's home. Families named as “personhood” by their parents were also interviewed. Writing advances directives spark off anguish and defence mechanisms among the elderly people and their families, curbing the law's application. But these protocols seem to be used as a tool of the trade by the psychologist in geriatrics. It allows indeed old people to enter in an grieving process and to prepare themselves for the end-of-life.     

Groupes pour les frères et sœurs d'enfant malade ou handicapé : état de la question

This article proposes a review of the literature in English language and French language published these 20 last years on the words groups intended for the siblings of child sick or reached of a handicap. If the theories, the objectives and methodologies of the French studies and Anglo-Saxon's studies diverge, however, does everything state of the benefit that these groups bring to the brothers and sisters. After having described these studies and analysed their results, we propose tracks of research for future works.     

LE QMVT. Version harcèlement moral au travail. Validation d'un questionnaire multidimensionnel de la victimation au travail

The article concerns the validation of a questionnaire measuring the impact of harassment of the tolerance threshold of victims. The dimensions explored asked the victims to evaluate the stressor, the adjustment strategies they adopted in front of the adverse situation, the value they gave to their professional live, the quality of the community sharing of emotion as well as the psychological, physiological and relational consequences that were engendered (Forte et al., 2005). The validation was undertaken using 77 people that saw themselves as victims of hostile machinations in the workplace and 75 witnesses Subjects. The analysis revealed high rates of internal consistency. An other version of the questionnaire, aimed at measuring the effects of a pointed victimation, is in the process of validation.