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1.
Quincy J. J. Wong Michelle L. Moulds 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(2):273-284
Clark and Wells’ (1995) model of social phobia proposes that there are three types of maladaptive self-beliefs responsible for persistent social
anxiety (high standard, conditional, and unconditional beliefs). Although these beliefs are theoretically important, there
currently is not a validated measure of these beliefs in the social anxiety literature. Hence, the Self-Beliefs Related to
Social Anxiety (SBSA) Scale was developed (Wong & Moulds, 2010a) and its psychometric properties were examined in the current study using a non-clinical sample (N = 600). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses ultimately indicated that a correlated three-factor solution optimally
summarized the data with the three factors corresponding to the three belief types. The SBSA and its three subscales demonstrated
good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as convergent and divergent validity. The SBSA thus appears
to have good psychometric properties and is appropriate for use in non-clinical samples. The potential applications of the
SBSA and avenues for future research are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Shintaro Fukushima Yukiko Uchida Kosuke Takemura 《International journal of psychology》2021,56(5):642-653
One's happiness is expected to be affected by the happiness of surrounding others. This socio-psychological nature of happiness, however, has not been fully examined in the literature of social psychology. The current study examined if this “psychological interconnection of happiness” occurs when (i) individuals have strong personal social capital and/or (ii) individuals belong to a community where other members have strong social capital. We analysed a large social survey dataset sampled from 408 communities in Japan (N = 7295). The psychological interconnection of happiness was measured by calculating the correlation between individual happiness and perceived community happiness. The multilevel analyses revealed that the psychological interconnection of happiness was moderated by community-level social capital above and beyond individual-level social capital, while individual-level social capital did not have a significant moderation effect. 相似文献
3.
Keith Cox 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2012,13(1):103-128
Little in-depth research exists on subjective well-being (SWB) in the developing world, especially among the poor and extremely
poor. Biswas-Diener and Diener (Soc Indic Res 55:329–352, 2001) employed a study design in the slums of Calcutta, India to address this gap in SWB research. They found slightly negative
global SWB but slightly positive domain specific satisfaction in their sample. The current study employs the same paradigm
and investigates the SWB of female sex workers, city dump dwellers, and urban and rural poor in Nicaragua, Central America.
The current study was able to replicate the Biswas-Diener and Diener (Soc Indic Res 55:329–352, 2001) finding of slightly negative SWB for marginalized urban groups. In addition, an overall model for predicting SWB was constructed
using personality dispositions, objective income, social support, and social rootedness as predictors. Social support and
objective income were the only significant predictors in the model but more zero order relations existed. Additionally, this
study contrasted urban poor versus rural poor and found no significant SWB differences. 相似文献
4.
This paper explores the relationship between social capital and happiness both in Europe as a whole, as well as in its four main geographical macro-regions—North, South, East and West—separately. We test the hypothesis of whether social capital, in its three-fold definition established by Coleman (Am J Sociol 94:S95–S120 1988)—trust, social interaction, and norms and sanctions—influences individual happiness across European countries and regions. The concept of social capital is further enriched by incorporating Putnam (Making democracy work—civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1993) and Olson (The rise and decline of nations—economic growth, stagflation, and social rigidities. Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1982) type variables on associational activity. Using ordinal logistic regression analysis on data for 48,583 individuals from 25 European countries, we reach three main findings. First, social capital matters for happiness across the three dimensions considered. Second, the main drivers of the effects of social capital on happiness appear to be informal social interaction and general social, as well as institutional trust. And third, there are significant differences in how social capital interacts with happiness across different areas of Europe, with the connection being at is weakest in the Nordic countries. 相似文献
5.
The relation between temperament and happiness was assessed in a sample of 441 children aged 7–14 years drawn from a population
in Northern India. Parents assessed their children’s happiness and rated their children’s temperament using the Emotionality,
Activity, and Sociability Temperament Survey (EAS). Children self-reported their own happiness using a single-item measure,
the Oxford Happiness Scale Short Form, and the Subjective Happiness Scale. Parents’ temperament ratings conformed to the four
factor structure proposed by Buss and Plomin (Temperament: early developing personality traits. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
Hillsdale, 1984): Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, and Shyness. Temperament accounted for between 4 and 11% of the variance in children’s
happiness depending on the measures. Children who were more social and active, and less shy, were happier. This result parallels
the well-established relation between happiness and personality in adults and is similar to recent research on happiness and
temperament in children; temperament traits akin to extraversion were positively associated with happiness. However, despite
that neuroticism and its temperament counterpart are strongly and consistently linked to happiness in adults, the relation
between happiness and the temperament trait associated with neuroticism (i.e., Emotionality) was weak. This suggests that
the relations between temperament and happiness in children may not completely generalize across cultures. 相似文献
6.
Takashi Oshio 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2017,18(3):765-783
A growing number of studies have addressed how social capital is closely related to an individual’s perceived happiness. However, most happiness studies have focused on individual-level social capital, which is based on an individual’s subjective assessment of social capital gathered from social surveys. Considering that social capital was originally a collective concept, this study distinguished individual- and area-level aspects of social capital and their relationships in terms of their associations with perceived happiness. To this end, we employed multilevel mediation analysis using cross-sectional microdata from a nationwide Internet survey conducted in Japan (N = 9523). We focused on four types of social capital: trust in neighbors, contacts with neighbors, bonding, and bridging. Based on the estimation results, we first confirmed that social capital at both the individual and area levels had a positive association with perceived happiness when using them separately as an independent variable. Second, we found that a substantial portion of the effect of area-level social capital on perceived happiness was mediated by individual-level social capital. This suggests that an individual’s commitment to area-level social capital is required if a large portion of its potential benefits on perceived happiness are to materialize. Furthermore, we observed that the effects of area-level bonding and bridging on their individual-level measures were affected by several individual-level attributes, including personality traits. Overall, the results underscore the need for further investigation into the association between perceived happiness and social capital at different levels. 相似文献
7.
Christian Bjørnskov 《Applied research in quality of life》2008,3(1):43-62
This paper explores the association between social capital and average happiness in the United States. Social capital is measured as a multidimensional concept consisting of social trust and two different indicators of sociability. In order to employ the variation both over time and across states, the data are organized in either a panel of nine US Census regions over the period 1983–1998 or in averages over this period in a cross-section of 48 states. The results show that social trust is positively associated with happiness while the potential effects of informal sociability at the level of society only appear significant in the regional estimates. The findings document the importance of social trust for average happiness but also hold more general implications for social capital theory. 相似文献
8.
Ellen Childs 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2010,49(3):550-560
Two major gaps exist in research examining the positive association between religious attendance and happiness. First, scholars have argued that this association may be because of people's perceived relationship with God or the social cohesion one experiences with other parishioners, but scholars have not studied both pathways simultaneously. Using nationally representative cross‐sectional data (General Social Survey), I first examine the influence of one's perceived relationship with God and one's perceived social cohesion within the religious community on happiness. One's perceived relationship with God is more strongly associated with happiness than is social cohesion. Second, scholars overwhelmingly use religious attendance as the independent variable, with happiness as the dependent variable. Using two waves of data from a nationally representative panel study (National Survey of Families and Households), I then examine the relationship between religious attendance and happiness over time, finding that religious attendance has a greater effect on happiness than happiness has on religious attendance. 相似文献
9.
开放教育是高等教育的重要组成部分,加强开放教育学生学习的同时,提升其幸福指数,注重心理健康发展是开放教育的重要内容。文章采用《金钱态度量表》、《主观幸福感量表》、《社会支持量表》对开放大学系统 345名在校生进了调查并采用中介效应分析。结果表明,(1)社会支持、金钱态度和主观幸福感相关显著;(2)金钱态度因子金钱行为倾向对社会支持、总体幸福感及其因子回归效应显著; 社会支持在金钱行为倾向的基础上,对主观幸福感及其因子精力、对生活的满足和兴趣、对情感和行为的控制回归明显,同时在两者之间起了中介作用。说明金钱态度因子金钱行为倾向直接影响开放教育学生主观幸福感,另一方面通过社会支持影响开放远程教育学生主观幸福感。因此,建议开放教育从建立社会支持系统、师资队伍建设、心理健康教育、金钱观培养四方面着手,提升开放教育学生的幸福指数,促进其全面发展。 相似文献
10.
《Aggression and violent behavior》2014,19(6):643-648
Honduras has the highest murder rate in the world: the high level of violence threatens the economic and social development of the country as it erodes human and social capital and limits trust among people in poor urban areas. However, neither a detailed consideration of the complex manner in which distinct dimensions of social capital interrelate with violence, nor the potential for double causality has received much attention.ObjectivesThe study examines the influence of structural social capital (social organization characteristics) and cognitive social capital (social trust and cohesion characteristics) on risk of violence in poor urban areas of Honduras.MethodsThe study was carried out in two urban communities of Tegucigalpa experiencing high levels of violence and insecurity. For the quantitative analysis, 1000 individuals older than 18 answered a structured questionnaire. Violence exposure was evaluated based on respondents' self-reporting. Social capital was defined based on the use of the short version of the Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool.ResultsOur results support previous evidence from Guatemala showing that cognitive and structural social capital were inversely related to risk of violence: people with high cognitive social capital had a lower risk of violence (OR 0.46 CI 95: 0.28–0.76) compared to people with low cognitive social capital, whereas people with high structural social capital had a higher risk of violence (OR 1.68 CI 95: 1.04–2.71) compared to people with low structural social capital.ConclusionsSocial trust and social activism exhibit significant associations with risk of violence, however, these dimensions are consequences as well as causes of violence.Implications for practiceIn an intervention perspective it is important to recognize the difference between social organization and cooperative action for creating change, as these concepts represent very dissimilar levels of collective action toward violence. It is thus important to link the items of social capital, primarily within the structural dimension, to the specific objectives of a given intervention. 相似文献
11.
Temperament and Happiness in Children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The relation between temperament and happiness was assessed in 311 children aged 9–12. Parents rated their children’s temperament
using the Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability Temperament Survey (EAS) and rated their children’s happiness. Children
rated their own temperament using the EAS and the Piers–Harris Self Concept Scale for Children Second Edition, and they rated
their own happiness using a single-item measure, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form, and the Subjective Happiness
Scale. Parents’ and children’s temperament ratings conformed to the four factor structure proposed by Buss and Plomin(Temperament:
Early developing personality traits, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, 1984) supporting the use of children’s self-reports as an additional measure of temperament. Temperament accounted for between
9 and 29% of the variance in children’s happiness depending on the measures. Children who were more social and active, and
less shy, emotional, and anxious were happier. These results parallel the well-established relation between happiness and
personality in adults; temperament traits akin to extraversion (Sociability) were positively associated with happiness whereas
traits akin to neuroticism (Emotionality) were negatively associated with happiness. Additionally, children who were rated
higher in the temperament trait Activity were happier. 相似文献
12.
Eduardo Wills-Herrera Gazi Islam Marilyn Hamilton 《Applied research in quality of life》2009,4(2):201-221
Subjective indicators of well-being have been proposed as guides for development policy since development is not limited to
material wealth (Veenhoven, Social Indicators Research, 58:33–45 2002; Diener, Journal of Happiness Studies 7:4–397 2006). Development studies have suffered from a materialistic bias (Easterlin, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 27:35–47
1995). The paper presents a comparative cross-cultural investigation of domains of subjective well-being (SWB) and a global measure
of Satisfaction with Life as a Whole (SWLS) in three cities: Bogotá-Colombia; Belo-Horizonte-Brazil and Toronto-Canada. The
Personal and National Wellbeing Indexes (PWI and NWI) developed by the International Wellbeing Group (IWG, Cummins, Social
Indicators Research 38:303–328 1996; Cummins et al., Social Indicators Network News 69:8 2002) as well as the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS, Diener et al., Journal of Personality Assessment 49:71–75 1985) were applied and successfully validated at the city level. The cities chosen have similar democratic institutions but different
cultures and different “objective” indicators of development. Significant differences across cities as well as significant
interaction effects were found for the subjective well-being indexes and demographic variables. Based on these results, we
propose that NWI may be seen as a contextual antecedent of PWI, consistent with our view that individual evaluations of SWB
may be determined by dispositional factors (top-down), context (bottom-up domains) and cultural values. The validation of
the subjective well-being indexes in diverse cultural contexts is an important contribution in a field that has been mainly
dominated by European, American and Australian samples. 相似文献
13.
Deanna Zachary Susan Brutschy Sue West Tracy Keenan Abigail Stevens 《Applied research in quality of life》2010,5(4):287-308
Community indicator projects have the potential to deliver new knowledge about the quality of life in local communities and
drive actions to improve them (Phillips 2003; Holden Social Indicators Research 92:429–448, 2009; Memon and Johnstone 2008). However, the connection between the information produced by community indicator projects and the actions taken to improve
conditions in communities remains under-researched (Holden Social Indicators Research 92:429–448, 2009; Hezri and Dovers Ecological Economics 60:86–99, 2006). This is because community indicator projects have mainly been conceptualized as producing information for action rather
than as part of an action process (Memon and Johnstone 2008). This paper provides a case study of a community indicator project with an explicit plan to move beyond the data and into
action. A review of one of the oldest community indicator projects in the United States, the Santa Cruz County Community Assessment
Project (CAP) demonstrates how an action oriented community improvement cycle has contributed to measurable improvements for
children and youth in one California County. The paper identifies key elements that were important for turning CAP data into
local actions and concludes with lessons for community indicator practitioners and questions for future research. 相似文献
14.
Isabel Neira Fernando Bruna Marta Portela Adela García-Aracil 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2018,19(4):1067-1090
This paper argues the relevance of analysing the origins of contextual effects to explain subjective well-being (SWB). Using the 2012 European Social Survey, the study applies social capital indicators to distinguish between-context and between-individual heterogeneity in three multilevel models of happiness and life satisfaction. Five indicators of social capital at individual and regional level are used to measure the trust, networks and norms dimensions of social capital. Random intercept and random slope hierarchical models are used to control for unexplained regional variability. The possibility of aggregated subjective perceptions conditioning, or interacting with, the effects of individual perceptions is also examined. The results show that the regional means of the social capital indicators are useful in explaining not only average levels of SWB (between-context heterogeneity) but also differences in the importance individuals attribute to their social capital (between-individual heterogeneity). The paper also proposes a research agenda to expand the frontier on contextual effects in the new science of well-being. 相似文献
15.
Efstratia Arampatzi Martijn J. Burger Natallia Novik 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2018,19(1):99-122
Can online social contacts replace the importance of real-life social connections in our pursuit of happiness? With the growing use of social network sites (SNSs), attention has been increasingly drawn to this topic. Our study empirically examines the effect of SNS use on happiness for different subgroups of young adults. More specifically, we examine whether the effect of SNSs on happiness is moderated by individual social capital, as measured in terms of frequency of social contacts and feelings of loneliness. Using Dutch data from the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences panel, we provide robust empirical evidence that there is, on average, no relationship between the amount of time spent on SNSs and happiness. However, we find a negative association between the numbers of hours spent on SNS and happiness for SNS users who feel socially disconnected and lonely. The results hold when we control for socio-demographic characteristics, trust, hours spent on other Internet sites and household income. Hence, SNSs are not a substitute for real-life social connections and, at most, complement them. 相似文献
16.
Previous research has focused on how happiness is independently associated with political orientation and religiosity. The current study instead explored how political orientation and religiosity interact in establishing levels of happiness. Data from both the 2012 General Social Survey and the 2005 World Values Survey were used. Results from both data sets support prior research by showing a positive association between happiness and both political conservatism and religiosity. Importantly, it was found that political conservatism and religiosity interact in predicting happiness levels. Specifically, the current results suggest that religiosity has a greater effect on happiness for more politically conservative individuals compared to more politically liberal individuals. 相似文献
17.
18.
Lance M. McCracken Miles Thompson 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(2):75-82
Methods of mindfulness are gaining increasing popularity within the behavioral and cognitive therapies and appear helpful
for a range of clinical problems. The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive and behavioral processes underlying mindfulness.
One hundred fifty patients seeking treatment for chronic pain completed a battery of questionnaires, including the 15-item
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown and Ryan, J Pers Soc Psychol 84:822–848, 2003). Preliminary analyses supported reliability and validity of the MAAS for patients with chronic pain. A confirmatory factor
analysis provided incomplete support for a singe factor structure from the items of the MAAS. In turn, an exploratory factor
analysis yielded a four-factor solution: Acting with Awareness, Present Focus, Responsiveness, and Social Awareness. Correlation
and regression analyses indicated that the Acting with Awareness and Present Focus subscales were significantly related to
measures of patient emotional, physical, and social functioning. Further research that explores and validates models of mindfulness-based
processes is recommended. 相似文献
19.
The association between happiness and social relationships was examined in 9- to 12-year-old children. Participants included
432 children and their parents. Children’s happiness was assessed using self-rating scales, parent’s ratings, and the Happiness
and Satisfaction Subscale from the Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale, Second Edition (Piers and Herzberg 2002). Children’s social relations were assessed with items from the Piers-Harris scale and questionnaires given to the children
and their parents. These items were grouped into two positive (i.e., family and friends) and two negative categories (i.e.,
negative relations with peers and behaving badly toward others). Variance in children’s happiness was partially accounted
for by positive social interactions involving the family (e.g., children agreeing that they are important members of their
family) and friends (e.g., parents reporting that their children visit with friends more frequently). Negative social interactions
also explained variance in children’s happiness including negative relations with peers (e.g., children agreeing that they
feel left out of things) and behaving badly toward others (e.g., children agreeing that they are often mean to other people,
and they cause trouble for their family). Demographic variables related to the family (i.e., number of siblings, age of parents,
and marital status of parents) were only weakly, or not at all, associated with children’s happiness. The results parallel
findings from the literature involving adults and adolescents; social relationships are significant correlates and predictors
of happiness. 相似文献
20.
Subjective well-being has been studied by social scientists for decades mostly in developed countries. Little is known about determinants of subjective well-being in developing countries and more particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using 2005–2008 World Values Survey (n = 1,533) this study adds to existing literature on well-being in developing countries focusing on Ghana. The paper explores the predictors of two measures of subjective well-being—happiness and satisfaction in life at micro-level in Ghana. The analyses are divided into two main sections. The first part describes the distribution of happiness and satisfaction in life among Ghanaians. The second section elucidates factors influencing the selected measures of subjective well-being separately. The data reveal that both happiness and life satisfaction among Ghanaians are shaped by multitude of factors including economic, cultural, social capital and health variables. Relatively, perceived health status emerged as the most salient predictor of both measures of well-being. Besides religiosity, all the religion variables emerged as significant predictors of how Ghanaians appraise their own well-being. Equally, income, ethnicity and social capital variables emerged as predictors of happiness and life satisfaction at micro-level in Ghana. Policy implications of the findings are discussed alluding to multidimensional approach to well-being promotion in the country. The outcome of the study also establishes the fact that factors predicting subjective well-being at the micro level vary in SSA context compared to the developed world. 相似文献