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1.
Research demonstrates an influence of gaze direction in emotion recognition. Here we examined whether facial affect similarly
influences recognition of gaze direction. Across two studies we found that averted relative to direct gaze was processed more
quickly and accurately when coupled with fear, and direct relative to averted gaze with anger. Also evident was that slower
overall gaze processing was associated with increased interaction effects between emotion and gaze. Examining individual differences,
therefore, enabled us to extend previous research examining speed of processing as a moderator of the interaction effect,
while holding constant task demands and stimulus features. Unexpectedly, a main effect emerged such that averted relative
to direct gaze was found to be processed more quickly and accurately overall. This effect was not moderated by processing
speed and is discussed as a potential stimulus-driven effect that may help explain discrepant findings in the literature.
相似文献
Reginald B. Adams Jr.Email: |
2.
Research considering the effect of Presidential speech making style shows individuals are likely to attend to and be emotionally
affected by the facial expressions of leaders, especially those that are inappropriate for the context. In this study we tested
how rapid and subtle expressions of facial affect (i.e., expressions of less than one-second, often termed micro-expressions)
in speeches by a political leader impacts participants’ emotional state. We do this by removing seven brief expressions (less
than one-second) from a nearly twelve minute televised speech by President George H. W. Bush concerning the 1990 commitment
of US military in response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. FACS coding identified all these expressions as containing a component
of smiling (lip corner puller: AU12), in some cases with the addition of other facial movements (sometimes associated with
anger and/or disgust). Experiments carried out on 206 university undergraduates showed emotional state was altered as a result
of these micro-expressions when the control (unaltered speech) and experimental group (micro-expressions removed from speech)
were compared. Specifically, participants who viewed the micro-expressions felt less threatened and less angry. Thus, facial
expression (even very brief micro-expressions) can have a significant impact on the receiver of a political speech.
相似文献
Patrick A. StewartEmail: |
3.
Trait Anger and Axis I Disorders: Implications for REBT 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Wilson McDermut J. Ryan Fuller Raymond DiGiuseppe Iwona Chelminski Mark Zimmerman 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2009,27(2):121-135
Anger has a prominent role in basic theories of emotion. And while many psychiatric disorders can be conceived of as emotional
disorders (e.g., depressive disorders, anxiety disorders), there are no disorders for which anger is the cardinal feature.
We analyzed diagnostic data on 1,687 (as later) psychiatric outpatients and looked at the co-occurrence of high trait anger
(as assessed by criterion 8 of Borderline Personality Disorder) and Axis I disorders, and Borderline and Antisocial Personality
Disorders. The purpose was to examine whether dysfunctional anger met criteria necessary to be considered a valid diagnostic
category. Results showed that high trait anger was not fully accounted for by any particular Axis I diagnosis, or any set
of Axis I diagnoses, or by the combination of Axis I diagnoses and Borderline and Antisocial PDs. Trait anger also accounted
for significant amounts of unique variance in several indicators of psychiatric impairment and psychosocial functioning. We
describe the anger disorder diagnoses of Eckhardt and Deffenbacher (Anger disorders: Definition, diagnosis and treatment.
Taylor & Francis, Bristol, PA, 1995), and discuss the implications of those diagnoses for the practice of REBT and CBT.
相似文献
Wilson McDermutEmail: |
4.
Mark Heller 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(1):83-101
The Donkey Problem (as I am calling it) concerns the relationship between more and less fundamental ontologies. I will claim
that the moral to draw from the Donkey Problem is that the less fundamental objects are merely conventional. This conventionalism
has consequences for the 3D/4D debate. Four-dimensionalism is motivated by a desire to avoid coinciding objects, but once
we accept that the non-fundamental ontology is conventional there is no longer any reason to reject coincidence. I therefore
encourage 4Dists to become even more radical—embrace the Donkey Problem’s conventionalism and deflate the debate between 3Dists
and 4Dists.
相似文献
Mark HellerEmail: |
5.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
6.
Marian Ronan 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(3):321-339
The passionate response of many American Catholics to the clergy sex abuse crisis is an expression not only of legitimate
anger over the sexual abuse of children and young people by Roman Catholic priests but also of resistance to mourning the
significant losses post-immigrant American Catholics sustained in the last third of the twentieth century.
相似文献
Marian RonanEmail: |
7.
Zoltán Gendler Szabó 《Philosophical Studies》2008,137(3):399-408
Wayne Davis’s Meaning, Expression and Thought argues that linguistic meaning is conventional use to express ideas. An obvious problem with this proposal is that complex
expressions that have never been used are nonetheless meaningful. In response to this concern, Davis associates conventions
of use not only with linguistic expressions but also with the modes in which such expressions can combine into larger expressions.
I argue that such constructive conventions are in conflict with the principle of compositionality (as it is usually understood)
and that (at least in the cases Davis considers) they are unnecessary for semantic explanations.
相似文献
Zoltán Gendler SzabóEmail: |
8.
Dr. med. Dipl.-Soz. Alf Gerlach 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2004,20(1):7-12
9.
This is a critical discussion of a paper on the problem of bootstrapping by Jose Zalabardo.
相似文献
Anthony BruecknerEmail: |
10.
Moran Shoham 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(1):70-74
This paper aims to suggest the notion of layers of dying, as a metaphorical discussion of states that call for the breakdown
of opposites and a unification in the form of a lived experience. Artistic talent is seen as a personal capacity to sustain
such a state and transform it into a communicative form that is accessible to us all. Winnicott, in his “fear of breakdown”
paper is a main source of influence, along with Bion who encouraged the articulation of “stray thoughts.”
相似文献
Moran ShohamEmail: |
11.
Jeremy Morris 《Argumentation》2008,22(2):205-216
Self-defeating and self-justifying expressions are reflexive insofar as they pertain to themselves. However, the reflexivity
involved is often pragmatic, i.e., does not entirely depend upon the logical properties of what is expressed but also upon
the expressive act. In this paper I present a general account of pragmatic reflexivity and apply it to some familiar self-defeating
and self-justifying expressions in epistemology. This application indicates some important, if often neglected features of
the epistemological issues involved. The account I defend suggests that epistemology is particularly sensitive to pragmatic
reflexivity since what epistemologists do, i.e., inquire, theorize, and defend theories, is also the subject of the inquiry
and resultant theories.
相似文献
Jeremy MorrisEmail: |
12.
Phenomenology of the body and the third generation of cognitive science, both of which attribute a central role in human cognition
to the body rather than to the Cartesian notion of representation, face the criticism that higher-level cognition cannot be
fully grasped by those studies. The problem here is how explicit representations, consciousness, and thoughts issue from perception
and the body, and how they cooperate in human cognition. In order to address this problem, we propose a research program,
a cognitive phenomenology of the body, which is basically motivated by the perspective of Merleau-Ponty. We find a substantial clue in developmental psychological
studies on the body and language.
相似文献
Shoji Nagataki (Corresponding author)Email: |
Satoru HiroseEmail: |
13.
Commentary on the Current Status of Assessment in Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
John M. Malouff 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2009,27(2):136-140
This commentary focuses on the current status of assessment in rational-emotive and cognitive-behavior therapy, in the context
of making comments about three assessment articles published in the same journal issue. The commentary describes important
characteristics of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavior assessment measures, suggests several avenues of psychometric research
on behavioral tests of distress tolerance as clinical measures, reviews psychometric and other important properties of existing
irrational belief measures, and endorses assessment related to newly proposed anger disorder diagnoses.
相似文献
John M. MalouffEmail: |
14.
It is generally agreed upon that Grice’s causal theory of perception describes a necessary condition for perception. It does
not describe sufficient conditions, however, since there are entities in causal chains that we do not perceive and not all
causal chains yield perceptions. One strategy for overcoming these problems is that of strengthening the notion of causality
(as done by David Lewis). Another is that of specifying the criteria according to which perceptual experiences should match
the way the world is (Frank Jackson and Michael Tye). Finally, one can also try to provide sufficient conditions by elaborating
on the content of perceptual experiences (Alva N?e). These different strategies are considered in this paper, with the conclusion
that none of them is successful. However, a careful examination of their problems points towards the general solution that
we outline at the end.
相似文献
Valtteri Arstila (Corresponding author)Email: |
Kalle PihlainenEmail: |
15.
Evan Selinger 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2008,7(2):301-308
Harry Collins interprets Hubert Dreyfus’s philosophy of embodiment as a criticism of all possible forms of artificial intelligence.
I argue that this characterization is inaccurate and predicated upon a misunderstanding of the relevance of phenomenology
for empirical scientific research.
相似文献
Evan SelingerEmail: |
16.
Autonomy and Nondefensiveness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Three experimental studies tested whether a priming procedure intended to activate an autonomy orientation would lead to nondefensiveness
and enhanced performance, whether activated control orientation would lead to higher defense and impaired performance, and
whether activated impersonal orientation would lead to the greatest defense and worst performance. Study 1 showed that autonomy-primed
participants report lower desire for escape compared to control-primed, and that impersonally-primed showed most desire to
escape. In Study 2, autonomy-primed participants showed the least self-serving bias, control-primed were in the middle, and
impersonally-primed participants showed the most. In Study 3, rowers autonomy-primed showed the least self-handicapping and
best performance, control-primed showed moderate levels, and impersonally-primed showed the most self-handicapping and worst
performance. Results are discussed in terms of motivation orientation, defensiveness, and performance.
相似文献
Holley S. HodginsEmail: |
17.
Two Theories of Just War 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As it is traditionally conceived, Just War Theory is not well suited for dealing with nation vs non-nation wars. It thus makes sense to create a second Just War Theory to deal with these wars. This article explores the differences and similarities between the two theories.
相似文献
Nick FotionEmail: |
18.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
19.
Joanne E. Taylor Frank P. Deane John Podd 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(2):81-91
This paper examines the clinical features, symptom severity, diagnostic profile, and help-seeking behaviour of a media-recruited
sample of driving-fearful women. Results support previous findings of the primary foci of fear as motor vehicle accidents
as well as specific driving situations and conditions. Consistent with prior research, there was difficulty relating the foci
of fear to current diagnostic concepts. Social concerns were identified as having a role in driving fear for some individuals.
Fearful participants exhibited high levels of fear and symptom severity according to various diagnostic and self-report measures,
although most reported that they would be unlikely to seek professional psychological help or driving instruction. Assessment
of cognitions indicated a range of errors likely to maintain anxiety and fear reactions that would be a target of treatment.
There were no group differences in number of major recent accidents, although fearful drivers learnt to drive later than controls,
suggesting early fearfulness.
相似文献
Joanne E. TaylorEmail: |
20.