天国·乌托邦·超人——马克思与尼采的宗教批判初析

十九世纪德国的宗教批判是思想史上的重大事件,这一事件中的两个重大转折点分别由马克思和尼采来完成.马克思把宗教批判推向了现实的政治经济学批判,以期人的自由解放;而尼采则把对基督教的批判扩展到了整个现代西方的价值体系.对比两人的宗教批判,则又可以呈现欧洲人文精神之内在张力和诸多可能性.     

T-Group Theory and Laboratory Method: Innovation in Re-Education Edited by Leland P. Bradford,Jack R. Gibb,and Kenneth D. Benne

The authors conducted a quantitative examination of parallels between milieu and therapy group dynamics on a short-term inpatient unit. The Ward Atmosphere Scale was used to assess the milieu, and the Group Climate Questionnaire-S to measure processes in key groups. Assessments were made by patients and staff once each week for 10 months. The authors found clear parallels between ward and therapy group processes. The parallels reflected the impact of patterns utilization of the unit, its treatment philosophy, and the emotional dynamics of its constituents. Examination of these associations also revealed limitations of the treatment setting, clarified the potential impact of particular staff interventions, and demonstrated biases in the rating methods. Study of parallel process on the psychiatric unit is a rich source of information on the nature of inpatient treatment.