Implicit learning,consciousness, and the psychology of thinking

Abstract

Berry, D., & Dienes, Z. (1993). Implicit learning: Theoretical and empirical issues. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd. 197pp. ISBN 0-86377-223-4 £19.95 (hbk).

Reber A. S. (1993). Implicit learning and tacit knowledge: An essay on the cognitive unconscious. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1 88pp. ISBN 0-19-505-9425 £30.00 (hbk).     

Horstmann, Siep, and German Idealism

Die Grenzen der Vernunft. Eine Untersuchung zu Zielen und Motiven des Deutschen Idealismus. By Rolf-Peter Horstmann. Frankfurt a.M.: Anton Hain, 1991, 321 pp. ISBN 3–445-08568-4
Praktische Philosophie im Deutschen Idealismus. By Ludwig Siep. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp, 1992, 348 pp. ISBN 3–518-28635-8 pb     

Islamic Legal, Ethical, and Political Theory: The Search for the Good Society and the Moral Law

Book reviewed:
Standing Trial: Law and the Person in the Modern Middle East , Baudouin Dupret (ed.), I.B. Tauris 2004 (1-86064-997-1), x + 382 pp., $75.00
Muslim Ethics: Emerging Vistas , Amyn B. Sajoo, I.B. Tauris 2004 (1-85043-550-2), xvi + 164 pp., $39.50     

Advertising exposure,memory, and choice

Abstract

Mitchell, A.A. (Ed.) (1993). Advertising exposure, memory, and choice. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. 352 pp. ISBN 0-8058-0685-7.£46.95/$87.50 (hbk).     

SPECIES,TEPEES, SCOTTIES,AND JOCKEYS: SELECTED BY CONSEQUENCES

“Ideas are like species: they must evolve.” This claim forms the conceptual core of an engaging book by Jonnie Hughes (2011), On the Origin of Tepees. Hughes asks: If evolution by natural selection explains the origin of the human species, then does selection by consequences also explain the origin of what we humans make and do? This question prompts consideration of three important analogies: between natural selection and artificial selection, between the law of natural selection and the law of effect, and between biological evolution and cultural evolution. These analogies in turn stimulate examination of the notions of purpose, design, and agency. Finally, discussion moves to the selectionism of Darwin and Skinner; although still controversial, this view remains the best way for natural science to understand the origins of adaptive behavior.     

Religious Dissenters, J.S. Mill, and the Importance of Starting Points for Apologetics

Book reviewed:
Mill on God: The Pervasiveness and Elusiveness of Mill's Religious Thought , Alan P.F. Sell, Ashgate Studies in the History of Philosophical Theology, Ashgate 2004 (0-7546-1666-5), pp. viii + 202, Pb £15.99
Philosophy, Dissent and Nonconformity 1689–1920 , Alan P.F. Sell, James Clarke & Co 2004 (0-227-67977-6), pp. 296, Hb £50     

Correction to: Training Public Sector Clinicians in Competency-Based Clinical Supervision: Methods,Curriculum, and Lessons Learned

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy - A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-021-09504-9     

Correction to: Quality of Life among Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders,Intellectual Disability,and Typical Development

Applied Research in Quality of Life - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09896-1     

Social Justice,Fallacies of Argument,and Persistent Bias

The fallacies approach to argument evaluation can exacerbate problems it aims to address when it comes to social bias, perpetuating social injustice. A diagnosis that an argument commits a fallacy may flag the irrelevance of stereotypical characterizations to the line of reasoning without directly challenging the stereotypes. This becomes most apparent when personal bias is part of the subject matter under discussion, in ethotic argument, including ad hominem and ad verecundiam, which may be recognized as fallacious without addressing whether the ethotic presumptions are true. Yap (2013; 2015) makes this case for ad hominem and the pragma-dialectical understanding of fallacies, expanded here to show related patterns in some other fallacies, and employing the argument schemes understanding of fallacies. Adding critical questions increases the ways reasoners can dismiss arguments as fallacious, and could include directly addressing bias, but if an argument fails on a different critical question, that may yet allow the bias to pass. The fallacies approach is a form of meta-debate and techniques of meta-debate need to address the ubiquity of social bias, not convey them as specialized problems. The view that the fallacies approach to argument evaluation can provide neutrality is dangerously false. Arguers thus should avoid using fallacies for argument evaluation where social stereotypes or schemas might be involved, especially when the subject matter relates closely to social justice.

     

Journeys of Hope: Tragedy, Time and the Desert

Book reviewed:
The Sacred Desert: Religion, Literature, Art and Culture , David Jasper, Blackwell 2004 (Hb 1-4051-1974-8, Pb 1-4051-1975-6), pp. xix + 208, Hb £50, Pb £15.99
Towards Tragedy/Reclaiming Hope: Literature, Theology and Sociology in Conversation , Pink Dandelion, Douglas Gwyn, Rachel Muers, Brian Phillips and Richard E. Sturm, Ashgate 2004 (0-7546-0765-8), pp. xxvii + 157, Hb £45     

Believing,holding true,and accepting

Abstract

Belief is not a unified phenomenon. In this paper I argue, as a number of other riters argue, that one should distinguish a variety of belief-like attitudes: believing proper - a dispositional state which can have degrees - holding true - which can occur without understanding what one believes - and accepting - a practical and contextual attitude that has a role in deliberation and in practical reasoning. Acceptance itself is not a unified attitude. I explore the various relationships and differences between these doxastic attitudes, and claim that although acceptance is distinct from belief, it rests upon it, and is therefore a species of belief.     

Christianity,Family, Students,and COVID-19

Journal of Religion and Health - Four substantial topics are explored in this issue of the Journal of Religion and Health, namely: (1) Christianity, (2) family and faith dynamics, (3) the spiritual...     

Cinéma Divinité: Religion, Theology, and the Bible in Film – Edited by Eric S. Christianson, Peter Francis and William Telford (eds)

Book reviewed:
Cinéma Divinité: Religion, Theology, and the Bible in Film , Eric S. Christianson, Peter Francis and William Telford (eds), SCM press 2005 (0-334-02988-0), xvii + 373 pp., pb £19.99     

God, The Mind's Desire: Reference, Reason and Christian Thinking

Book reviewed:
God, The Mind's Desire: Reference, Reason and Christian Thinking by Paul D. Janz (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) xi + 232 pp. Reviewed by Michael Hanby Baylor University One Bear Place #97144 Waco, TX 76798-7144 USA     

Correlates of premarital relationships among unmarried youth in Pune district, Maharashtra, India

CONTEXT: Although premarital partnerships-whether or not they involve sex-are widely discouraged in India, some youth do form such partnerships. It is important to know more about the nature of and the factors associated with these relationships. METHODS: Data are drawn from a community-based study of 15-24-year-olds in urban slum and rural settings in Pune District, Maharashtra. Multivariate analyses were conducted to identify associations between youths' individual, peer and family factors and their experience of romantic relationships and physical intimacy, including intercourse. RESULTS: Among young men, 17-24% had had a romantic relationship, 20-26% had engaged in some form of physical intimacy and 16-18% had had sex; the proportions among young women were 5-8%, 4-6% and 1-2%, respectively. Exposure to alcohol, drugs or pornographic films and having more frequent interaction with peers were positively associated with romantic and sexual relationships for both young women and young men. Educational attainment was negatively associated with both types of relationships for young women, but only with sexual relationships for young men. Closeness to parents was negatively associated with relationships only for young women. Young women whose father beat their mother were more likely than other young women to form romantic partnerships, and those beaten by their family had an elevated risk of entering romantic and sexual partnerships. Youth who reported strict parental supervision were no less likely than others to enter relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Program interventions should ensure that youth are fully informed and equipped to make safe choices and negotiate wanted outcomes, while positively influencing their peer networks; encourage closer interaction between parents and children; and be tailored to the different circumstances and experiences of young women and men.     

Essence,necessity, and definition

Philosophical Studies - What is it for something to be essential to an item? For some time, it was standard to think that the concept of necessity alone can provide an answer: for something to be...     

Trade-offs, individual differences, and misunderstandings about evolutionary psychology

Replies to comments on Evolutionary psychology: Controversies, questions, prospects, and limitations (see record 2010-02208-001) by Confer et al. The purpose of which was to clarify the logic of evolutionary psychology and clear up some of the more common misunderstandings about it. In this response, we address the key points raised by the commentators.     

Unity,ontology, and the divine mind

International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - In his landmark book on philosophical theology, Saving God: Religion After Idolatry, Mark Johnston develops a panentheistic metaphysic of the...     

Personal Identity, Fission and Time Travel

One problem that has formed the focus of much recent discussion on personal identity is the Fission Problem. The aim of this paper is to offer a novel solution to this problem.

Sexy,Thin, and White: The Intersection of Sexualization,Body Type,and Race on Stereotypes about Women

Sex Roles - Media images often present one idealized type of woman: she is thin, sexualized, and White. Although research has shown that there are stereotypes associated with sexualized women,...