A Method for Improving the Integrity of Peer Review

Peer review is the most important aspect of reputable journals. Without it, we would be unsure about whether the material published was as valid and reliable as is possible. However, with the advent of the Internet, scientific literature has now become subject to a relatively new phenomenon: fake peer reviews. Some dishonest researchers have been manipulating the peer review process to publish what are often inferior papers. There are even papers that explain how to do it. This paper discusses one of those methods and how editors can defeat it by using a special review ID. This method is easy to understand and can be added to current peer review systems easily.     

Reflections on Psychoanalysis,Peer Review and Evidence

During these times, when society wants "evidence" that treatments are effective, ethical and cost effective, quality assurance and evidence-based medicine have become catchwords. The powers that be place their hopes on them when they find that they have to prioritize forms of treatment. There are different attempts to define these concepts and there are different approaches, most of them based on quantitative studies. This article describes a different approach. It also discusses how you can use the model for peer review among psychoanalytical colleagues as a qualitative study and a base for both quality assurance and a learning process. It also has its place in any formulation of 'evidence' for psychoanalysis and psychotherapy.     

伦理审查委员会跟踪审查制度探析

伦理审查委员会对研究项目的跟踪审查是保障受试者权益的核心手段.通过对国内外跟踪审查相关法规的梳理,界定了跟踪审查的概念,探讨了跟踪审查的意义.在介绍了美国、中国台湾以及我国跟踪审查现况的基础上,提出了完善我国跟踪审查制度的一些建议.     

医学伦理审查实践中存在的主要问题与对策

医学伦理审查对规范医学研究和医疗实践,保护受试者或患者权益有重要意义.通过总结医院医学伦理审查实践经验,指出医学伦理审查存在职能交叉、独立性不强、管理不完善、协同性不够、受试者损害补偿机制不明确等问题,提出从健全组织机构、建立指导原则、加强伦理培训、规操作流程、完善补偿机制等方面予以改进.     

"德性伦理"研究述评

一、“德性伦理”的研究现状2 0世纪晚期以来 ,“德性伦理”得到了国内外学者的广泛关注和研究。在西方 ,由于以麦金太尔等为代表的社群主义和伦理学中的“反理论”等思潮的努力 ,出现了一场声势浩大的新伦理学运动 ,它以反思西方传统伦理思想的面目出现 ,对以功利论 (边沁、密尔 )、义务论 (康德 )和新契约论 (罗尔斯 )等为代表的新旧规范伦理学思想进行批评 ,力图恢复古典的亚里士多德主义德性伦理传统 ,建构现代德性伦理学。西方学者对现代德性伦理的系统研究是从 2 0世纪 80年代初开始的。麦金太尔 1 981年出版的《德性之后》可以说是现…     

New Angles and Tangles in the Ethics Review of Research

This articles considers the larger, external and the micro, internal forces that impinge on the nature and impact of contemporary research-ethics codes. The larger forces that shape the impact of codes involve the increase in public and governmental concern with privacy protection, changes within disciplines, and the rise of research entrepreneurship. In terms of micro-level forces, the article explores the continuing problems associated with the bio-medical approach to research-ethics, on-going instability for some types of social research, slippages between REBs and researchers, and variability of local interpretations of ethics codes. A number of ethics-review fads also produce instability in the ethics regime.     

马克斯·韦伯的佛教伦理观述评

马克斯·韦伯的佛教伦理观是其宗教社会学思想的重要组成部分,是服从于“新教伦理与资本主义精神”论题的一个反证。它指出了佛教伦理出世品格的一面及其印度文化根源,但与佛教的思想和现实并不完全相符,且隐含着韦伯推崇新教伦理的价值偏向。韦伯论题遭遇来自理论和实践的困境,是否意味着可从佛教中发掘某些缓解“现代化”危机的精神资源呢？     

Punctuated Equilibrium,Moral Panics and the Ethics Review Process

A review of the literature and ethnographic data from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, and the United Kingdom on the research ethics review process suggest that moral panics can become triggers for punctuated equilibrium in the review process at both the macro and microlevel, albeit with significantly different levels of magnitude and impact. These data suggest that neither the development of the ethics review process nor the process itself proceeds gradually, but both are characterized by periodic major shifts evoked by particular events or situations that result in varying levels of moral panic. One way to deal with this moral panic is to increase the regulation of research and the depth or intensity of the scrutiny of applications under ethics review. Moral panics at the macrolevel influence those at the microlevel and, if the moral panic evoked at the local or microlevel is not satisfactorily resolved, it will evoke action at a higher level. Understanding the evolution of research ethics review processes from this perspective might help make actions by ethics committees and policy makers more understandable and help explain why attention to research ethics are heightened at particular points in time. It may also provide a basis for developing recommendations for adaptations to the ethics review process and policy at both the local and macrolevel.     

从楚简《凡物流形》看《彖传》的成书年代

<彖传>的成书年代聚讼纷纭,目前大致有战国前期说、战国中期说和战国中后期说三种观点.新公布的上博藏楚简<凡物流行>有引自<彖传><老子><大学><中庸>等的文字,我们认为,<彖传>当成书于<凡物流行>之前,即公元前3世纪以前,处于战国中期偏早.<彖传>很可能由活跃在楚地的子思后学整理成书.     

Clinical Audit and Reform of the UK Research Ethics Review System

There is an international consensus that medical research involving humans should only be undertaken in accordance with ethical principles. Paradoxically though, there is no consensus over the kinds of activities that constitute research and should be subject to review. In the UK and elsewhere, research requiring review is distinguished from clinical audit. Unfortunately the two activities are not always easy to differentiate from one another. Moreover, as the volume of audit increases and becomes more formal in response to the demand for evidence-based practice in medicine, the overlap between research and audit grows more acute. Arguably, similar ethical standards and systems for ensuring that those standards are met should be applied regardless of whether or not a project is classified as research or audit. At a time when the research ethics review system in the UK is undergoing significant reform it is important that the opportunity is not missed to address the longstanding research-audit problem. We discuss suggestions for further reform that addresses this issue.     

Adolescent Perception of Peer Success: A Gendered Perspective over Time

Adolescent males and females (grades 6–12) (n = 552) were presented with nine brief vignettes from the Teen Apperception Scale, describing high-achieving hypothetical female (or male) peers, across nine domains: leadership, academics, athleticism (two), musicianship, art, popularity, humor, and multitalentedness. Teens rated likability, popularity, and attractiveness of vignette subjects in each domain. The sample was roughly evenly divided by gender (47% male and 53% female); students ranged in age from 11 to 18 years. The sample was ethnically diverse, and the socioeconomic status of the students' families ranged from lower middle to upper middle class. MANOVA analyses showed female vignette subjects to be rated significantly higher than male subjects by both genders and all grade groupings, at p < .0001 overall, and at values ranging from p < .05 to p < .0001 for six of nine subscales. Results are contrasted with those from highly similar studies 30 years ago, and used to reflect a possible shift in attitudes toward high achievement in women.     

我国教育伦理学研究综述

在我国,教育伦理学在20世纪80年代后期一门独立的学科,在20多年的研究发展中,教育伦理学的研究视域得到了空前的拓展,形成了教育伦理学研究的价值目标体系和伦理规范体系,全面挖掘了教育伦理学的精神内涵,展开了教育伦理学实践机制的研究,呈现出繁荣发展的良好势头。     

从管理伦理看管理学的发展

管理与伦理结合涉及管理目的、管理者、管理对象、管理职能、管理方法等各个方面,是一个重大的管理问题。它既不是操作层次的问题,也不是管理原则的问题,而恰恰是观念层次的问题,是经营、管理与伦理有没有联系、要不要结合的观念问题。这一观念的变革将导致管理原则、管理程序、管理方法、管理技巧的一系列变革。与传统管理相比,它引发的变革无疑是根本性的。     

医疗腐败与医院管理伦理

医疗市场经济的利益导向在医疗领域的扭曲体现,产生了医院管理伦理失范,医疗腐败更是对医院管理伦理产生极大的腐蚀作用.因此,反对医疗腐败,倡导文明行医,需要正本清源,从医院管理道德建设的源头抓起,注重医院管理道德人格的完整性;需要对医疗市场经济中的医院管理伦理建设进行方法论的思考,真正做到既要面对市场,又要超越市场.