浅析“星座迷信”对青少年的思想茶毒

现在随处可以听到关于星座的话题,星座何时成为青少年茶余饭后热议的问题,星座又如何影响着我们新一代的青少年们,本文就星座迷信对青少年产生的不利影响,分析青少年迷信星座决定命运的原因和青少年应如何正确看待星座问题。     

一位印度人关于占星术的测验

印度占星家声称．他们可以从某人的星座告知其智力的高低。然而,在对40位智力健全和智力残障受试者的星座进行测试时．27位占星家的判断结果却令人失望,连偶然猜测都比不上。     

十二星座系列插画设计探究

插画设计作为一种艺术设计形式,普遍存在于艺术设计的各个领域。尤其在互联网时代,插画艺术已经不再局限于书籍设计,有了更加广阔的艺术化生存空间。在现代设计领域中,商业插画作为商业艺术发展的必然产物,不仅具有很强的艺术表现力,而且也具有相当浓烈的商业意味,对于大众的消费与审美起到了相当大的推动作用。十二星座系列插画的设计主要运用了儿童插画的艺术风格,以马克笔和彩铅相结合的形式,组成一幅幅构图饱满、风格奇趣且充满想象力的画面。画面中处处可见铅笔与色彩的碰撞,有一种鲜明的视觉感。十二星座系列插画还运用了星座的基本信息以及星座幸运色、幸运花等。所以将十二星座系列插画运用到商品设计中,一方面能使人们更好地了解星座与插画设计;另一方面十二星座系列插画设计肯定能与商业碰撞出火花,促进经济的增长。     

同青少年朋友谈谈"星座"

“星座”问题是青少年最爱谈论的一个话题,也十分相信“星座”与“命运”的关系。最近也有读者写信给编辑部,谈及中学生对“星座”问题的“酷爱”和“热衷”,为此,我们开辟一个讨论栏目,希望广大青少年和关心这个问题的读者参加讨论。     

星座个性座

星座及定位 西方的星相术如同中国的四柱预测(俗称“八字”)一样,广为流传,影响很大。西方人知道自己的星座就象中国人知道自己的属相一样重要。现今我国对星相术介绍了不少材料,青年朋友对此特别感兴趣。现介绍有关材料以帮助青年朋友查对自己的星座及分析自己的个性与运势。     

电脑算命，谁算谁的命

高科技时代的“电脑算命”浙江杭州市的刘先生,发现自己上初二的女儿迷上了算命。她每天晚上不看书,躲在自己的房间里,把班里同学的名字都写在一张纸上,然后写上星座、生肖、血型等信息,看哪个男生和哪个女生“比较配”。经过询问,刘先生才知道这是女儿从一家星座预测网站上学来的。女儿告诉刘先生,时下,这种     

关于中国青少年对神秘现象态度的分析

据专家的调查显示,中国青少年目前对神秘现象的热衷有增无减,尤其是对诸如特异功能、天外来客、星座、电脑预测等问题认识模糊,由此对超自然力的信奉而相信鬼神的存在,使得其身心、学习和生活受到影响.本文对此问题做一客观阐述,并简要分析其产生的原因.     

“迷信占卜风”何时休

愈刮愈烈的“占卜风”最近在中国的许多大中城市,很多青少年都喜欢用星座、纸牌和“笔仙”来“追问”自己的运程。并争相传阅、购买一些占卜类书籍。浙江省科学技术协会与浙江省城市经济调查局不久前开展的一次相关联合调查结果显示,16．23%的人表示相信“星座预测”,其中绝大多数是以高中生、大学生为主体的青少年。杭州市科协在10所中学进行了一项调查则显示,85%的学生算过命。     

寻找 自我

世界似乎从来没有过这样骚动不安过。中国像是一条浩瀚无垠的银河,或是波涛汹涌的星海,无数的星座都在这星海河系中闪光,那景像无比的灿烂辉煌。然而就在这辉煌之中,个个星座都莫明其妙地感到迷惑,它们在这商海人的汹涌之中,既感到振奋,又感到恐惧。因为这波涛的每     

侧耳倾听的身影

一直以来,父亲对我的评价是:脾气不好。我对父亲的看法是:脾气暴躁。我不想从遗传或者星座属相上去找原因,我所要做的仅仅是,尽量避免和父亲发生冲撞,而不     

Astrological signs and personality in Kuwaitis and Americans

Samples of Kuwaiti (N=460) and American (N=273) undergraduates responded to six personality questionnaires to assess optimism, pessimism, suicidal ideation, ego-grasping, death anxiety, general anxiety, and obssessive-compulsiveness. Each participant was assigned to the astrological sign associated with date of birth. One-way analyses of variance yielded nonsignificant F ratios for all the seven scales in both Kuwaiti and American samples, except for anxiety scores among Americans. It was concluded that there was little support for an association between astrological sun signs and scores on the present personality scales.     

Birth Order Effects on Personalityand Achievement Within Families

We investigated birth order effects on personality and achievement in four studies (N = 1,022 families) including both student and adult samples. Control over a wide range of variables was effected by collecting within-family data: Participants compared their siblings (and themselves) on a variety of personality and achievement dimensions. Across four diverse data sets, first-borns were nominated as most achieving and most conscientious. Later-borns were nominated as most rebellious, liberal, and agreeable. The same results obtained whether or not birth order was made salient (to activate stereotypes) during the personality ratings. Overall, the results support predictions from Sulloway's niche model of personality development, as well as Zajonc's confluence model of intellectual achievement.     

Birth order and a two-dimensional assessment of personality.

Higher order personality dimensions of extraversion-introversion and neuroticism were studied as functions of birth order in two-sib families, using 141 female subjects, with control over sex of sibling and sib age separation. No significant personality dimension variance was attributable to birth order in females. The results were considered briefly in terms of the importance of birth order, heritability questions, and the possible contribution of birth order to lower order traits.     

The influence of rearing order on personality development within two adoption cohorts

There is an extensive literature on the relationship between birth order and psychological traits, but no previous study has investigated the influence of ordinal position on personality development within adoptive siblings. Such a design is important because it effectively separates the effects of biological birth order and rearing order. Here we report data from two adoption cohorts in which subjects were biological first-borns reared in various ordinal positions. Data were analyzed with reference to Sulloway's (1996) evolutionarily based sibling rivalry theory of birth order effects. Between- and within-family analyses indicated that rearing order's influence on personality was very weak. The only clear difference was for conscientiousness, on which first-reared siblings scored higher. We draw possible implications for Sulloway's theory and speculate upon an alternative, prenatal biological process that may produce birth order differences.     

On the renaissance of personality assessment and personality theory

Both personality assessment and personality theory have experienced a significant decline in the past two or three decades, giving way to alternate professional interests by some, and being attacked as both empirically unsupportable and devoid of conceptual merit by others. Several tangible signs suggest that a resurrection is underway owing to position reversals by former critics, the changing character of patient populations, refinements in personality-oriented psychometric techniques, the refurbishing of analytic, interpersonal, and learning theories of personality, and the central role assigned personality disorders in the multiaxial format of the DSM-III. Looking toward the future, the paper proposes a series of comprehensive and parallel diagnostic criteria for the personality disorders to be included in either DSM-IIIR or DSM-IV.     

Context-Specific Learning, Personality, and Birth Order

Most people believe that learning to get along (or not get along) with their siblings played an important role in shaping their personality, and that their position in the family—oldest, youngest, or in the middle—had lasting effects. Yet studies of birth order generally fail to support these beliefs. The apparent contradiction can be resolved by taking into account the context-specific nature of learned behavior. There is abundant evidence that people do not automatically transfer behavior from one context to another: They wait until they have evidence that what they learned in Context 1 will also be useful in Context 2. Because patterns of behavior acquired in the family of origin tend to be useless or inappropriate in other settings, birth order effects show up only in that context. Outside the family they grew up in, firstborns and later-borns are indistinguishable in personality.     

The central domains of personality pathology in psychiatric patients

There is general agreement that the classification of personality disorders in DSM-IV is unsatisfactory. We systematically reviewed all studies that have analyzed patterns of personality disorder symptoms and signs in psychiatric patients; twenty-two papers were included in the final synthesis. There is reasonable consistency over the number and type of personality pathology traits reported despite differing samples, varying assessment methods, and different statistical manipulations. There are three or four high order traits; an externalizing factor incorporating borderline, narcissistic, histrionic, and antisocial traits (the latter is sometimes recorded as a separate trait); an internalizing factor incorporating avoidant and dependent traits; a schizoid factor; and often a compulsive factor. Using these domains of personality pathology would simplify classification, have higher clinical utility, and allow relatively easy translation of current research.     

Born lucky? The relationship between feeling lucky and month of birth

Research suggests that season of birth is associated with several psychiatric and neurological disorders, and also with adult monoamine neurotransmitter turnover. Personality traits are modulated in part by neurotransmitters; and population studies show season of birth variations in adult personality traits such as novelty seeking. Also, neurotransmitters are involved in suicidal behavior; and studies have found season of birth associations with suicide methods. The present general population survey was conducted via the Internet, and involved 29,584 self-selected participants (51.6% women) from 67 countries. For those born in the UK (75.6%), we investigated the relationship between season of birth, the participant’s belief in being a lucky person, and personality attributes related to this belief. In both genders and in all age groups, birth during the summer half-year was associated with significantly higher belief in being lucky, as compared to birth during the winter half-year, with a maximum around birth in May and a minimum around birth in November. Women scored significantly higher on listening to intuition and employing techniques to improve intuition, in perseverence, believing in positive long-term outcomes, and chatting to strangers. Men scored significantly higher on feeling lucky, not worrying or dwelling on failures, and expecting good things in life.     

Birth order and selected work-related personality variables

A possible link between birth order and various individual characteristics (e. g., intelligence, potential eminence, need for achievement, sociability) has been suggested by personality theorists such as Adler for over a century. The present study examines whether birth order is associated with selected personality variables that may be related to various work outcomes. 3 of 7 hypotheses were supported and the effect sizes for these were small. Firstborns scored significantly higher than later borns on measures of dominance, good impression, and achievement via conformity. No differences between firstborns and later borns were found in managerial potential, work orientation, achievement via independence, and sociability. The study's sample consisted of 835 public, government, and industrial accountants responding to a national US survey of accounting professionals. The nature of the sample may have been partially responsible for the results obtained. Its homogeneity may have caused any birth order effects to wash out. It can be argued that successful membership in the accountancy profession requires internalization of a set of prescribed rules and standards. It may be that accountants as a group are locked in to a behavioral framework. Any differentiation would result from spurious interpersonal differences, not from predictable birth-order related characteristics. A final interpretation is that birth order effects are nonexistent or statistical artifacts. Given the present data and particularistic sample, however, the authors have insufficient information from which to draw such a conclusion.     

Birth order differences in normal personality traits: Perspectives from within and outside the family

The hypotheses of Sulloway (1996) regarding birth order differences in five-factor model personality traits were tested in a sample of 231 college students with the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; Costa & McCrae, 1992). Data were collected from three sources (self, peer, and parent) to systematically evaluate previous observations that birth order differences are more commonly found when ratings are obtained from family members than from observers outside the family (Ernst & Angst, 1983). Using a between-family design, students were selected only from families with two or three full biological siblings and no half-siblings, step-siblings, or adopted siblings. Firstborn (n = 103) and laterborn (n = 128) students were compared using NEO-FFI ratings by the self, by a same-sex college peer, and by a biological parent. No birth order differences were found for any of the five NEO-FFI scores using any of the three rating sources. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were less than .20 for all comparisons. Suggestions for new approaches to the study of birth order differences are considered, including the use of within-family designs and more contextualized personality variables.