中国共产党执政制度伦理初探

执政制度伦理作为执政伦理的核心,在执政伦理体系的建构与实践中发挥着非常重要的作用。中国共产党“依法治国”的基本方略和“科学执政、民主执政、依法执政”的总体要求,是中国共产党准确把握自己所处的历史和现实方位而做出的科学决策,体现了社会主义中国国体与政体的统一,是中国共产党在执政制度伦理建设上的提升和发展。     

论执政伦理基本问题的历史嬗变 ——基于价值合理性与工具合理性视阈

在价值合理性与工具合理性的视阈中,执政伦理基本问题的历史嬗变主要经历了三个阶段:传统时期对执政伦理基本问题的探索,现代时期对执政伦理基本问题的探寻,马克思主义对执政伦理基本问题的认知。     

党的执政能力建设的价值之维

中国共产党政党伦理和执政能力是在执政实践中发展起来并动态地展开其有机互动关系的,前者构成党的执政能力建设的价值之维。政党伦理在理论框架上展现为一个包括为人民服务的宗旨理念、群众路线的根本原则和政权运作界面的权力道德等三大层次的立体结构。政党伦理建设在方法论层面应坚持理论与实践的统一,教育、监督和制度建设的统一。     

执政伦理的属性、主旨与基本论域

执政伦理关涉到执政党对执政正当性的关注与思考以及对执政未来性的预期判断,具有宽容性、制衡性和有序性等伦理属性。执政党对公权力的遵循与服从不是出于阶级意志,而是受制于正义的约束,正义理应成为执政伦理的主旨。从学科的定位看,执政伦理属于政治伦理,但是它并不是着重研究政党伦理的道德构成及其培养的方式,而是对执政的制度构成、性质及其建构所依赖的伦理价值进行研究。因此,执政伦理还应是一种制度伦理和公共伦理。     

论中国共产党执政伦理建设的首要问题

从当代中国实际和中国共产党治国理政的执政实践出发,中国共产党作为执政党要面对的政治伦理关系主要有党群关系、党政关系和政党关系,其中党群关系是中国共产党执政的首要政治伦理关系,这一首要政治伦理关系决定了中国共产党领导和执政的根本问题是中国共产党与人民群众的关系问题即党群关系问题。中国共产党领导和执政伦理建设的首要问题就是必须切实维护人民群众的政治权利,密切党同人民群众的血肉联系。     

论西方执政道德理念

执政道德理念是对执政何以必要的伦理审视和道德追问,是执政实质正当性所在。从执政伦理发展史来看,西方最主要的执政道德理念有:安全与秩序、权利与公益、经济与效率、公平与正义。     

孙中山执政伦理思想探析

孙中山先生是近代中国政治发展的里程碑式人物,其执政伦理思想深刻影响了中国社会的历史进程。孙中山的执政伦理思想既是近代中国社会政治与文化的产物,也与其个人的革命实践活动密不可分。孙中山执政伦理思想主要表现为爱国主义、责任意识、保障民权及思想立党和制度建党等几个方面。深入研究孙中山执政伦理思想,有利于梳理中国共产党执政伦理思想的理论渊源,对推动具有中国特色的执政伦理建设具有重要意义。     

中国共产党执政伦理探析

中国共产党的执政伦理在价值取向上是先进伦理,在涉及领域上是公共伦理,在基本内容上是建设伦理,在表现形式上是制度伦理.在基本伦理原则上,党要坚持为民原则、人本原则、公正原则、和谐原则和责任原则.为此,需要提高伦理定向能力、伦理凝聚能力、伦理鉴别能力和伦理制约能力.     

中国传统文化中的“治国安邦”行政伦理思想

中国传统文化中的“治国安邦”行政伦理思想及其实践是中国共产党执政伦理理论渊源的一个重要组成部分.“以民为本”是根本,“廉政勤政”是关键,“为政以德”是主导,“选贤任能”是重要环节,“重典治贪”是主要防线,本文试图在对上述含有治世之道的一般规律的认识阐述的基础上,提出了中国传统文化中的“治国安邦”伦理思想对中国共产党加强执政伦理建设的重要理论意义和实践价值.     

政治伦理的现代建构

政治伦理作为一门研究人类政治正当性及其操作规范和方法论的价值哲学。时政治明的发展和政治体制改革,具有导向、规范和终极价值关怀的意义。政治的正当性在于谋取人类“优良的生活”。在人类政治生活中具有优先性。围绕政治的正当性问题而展开的人类政治的价值选择和伦理结构是政治伦理的主体内容。人类生活在由政治支撑着的社会框架中,政治价值理念、政治制度伦理、政治组织伦理以及政治行为主体伦理,是现代政治伦理构成的基本框架。     

Guidelines for training in the ethical conduct of scientific research

Historically, scientists in training have learned the rules of ethical conduct by the example of their advisors and other senior scientists and by practice. This paper is intended to serve as a guide for the beginning scientist to some fundamental principles of scientific research ethics. The paper focuses less on issues of outright dishonesty or fraud, and more on the positive aspects of ethical scientific behavior; in other words, what a scientist should do to maintain a high level of ethical conduct in research. There are a number of fairly specific rules, guidelines, or commonly accepted operating principles that have evolved for the ethical conduct of science. In order to discuss this code of ethics, this paper is divided into sections dealing with specific areas of scientific ethics. These areas are: data collection and storage, ownership of data, confidentiality, communication, authorship, collaboration, the peer review system, and rules of dealing with ethical complaints. Illustrative case histories are presented to provide examples of the type of ethical dispute or problem being discussed. If scientific trainees learn the accepted rules of behavior that govern the conduct of science, ethical problems that arise out of ignorance, misunderstanding, or poor communication can be avoided.     

Ethical breaches and deviations of method in psychoanalysis: A heuristic model for the differentiation of boundary transgressions in psychoanalytic work

The boundary concept has been central to discussions on ethics and psychoanalysis over the past few decades. The main distinction has been between less malignant boundary crossings and more harmful violations. More recently, the concept has been criticized as not discriminating between technique and ethics. The author argues that these problems are connected to the way the boundary concept is defined. He suggests that it is specified to indicate a delimitation of an analytic area of conduct. In an analogous manner, an area of ethical conduct is framed by a boundary between ethical and unethical actions in the treatment situation. The analytic area has a narrower limitation than ethics and a stricter articulation of its concept of attitude; not all unanalytic actions are unethical. This simple model of interpersonally specified boundaries allows us to discriminate between different kinds of transgression in analytic work. In addition to violations and crossings, a third instance is described denoting a transgression of the analytic but not the ethical boundary. These can be called boundary stretchings, and are either intended or unintended deviations of method. The slippery slope mechanism of ethical misconduct is an imminent risk if boundary stretchings are ignored and not subject to scrutiny and analysis.     

关于医学伦理学教育的几点思考

医学伦理学教育中长期存在的一些问题尚未很好解决.由于较多强调课程的道德教育功能,对其作为独立学科存在的性质和意义仍重视不够,医学伦理学是进行道德分析、准则与价值评判的理论体系,通过医学伦理学的学习和训练,应使学生能够对有关问题在广阔的背景中进行深层次思考并做出独立判断.我们应在进一步更新观念的基础上,改进哲学、伦理学基础教育,以促进医学伦理学教育的发展,而其意义已远超出医学伦理学之外.     

Professional Codes of Practice and Ethical Conduct

ABSTRACT This essay is an attempt to examine the idea that a professional code of practice can entail ethical conduct. It is focused around two differing perspectives on ethics. It will be argued that the professions have, perhaps too hastily, adopted one theory without considering the merits, or the objections offered by the alternative account. This alternative, a 'cognitivist' theory, is sketched, and the possible advantages of such an approach are discussed. Such a perspective means adopting a radically different approach to the nature of ethics and what it is to be a moral agent, and could have interesting consequences for professional practice. Even if a cognitivist account is ultimately unconvincing, it does provide a number of worrying arguments for those professionals who believe that ethical conduct is generated by following a code of practice, and these arguments need to be addressed.     

Family therapy beyond postmodernism: some considerations on the ethical orientation of contemporary practice

Ethics is a subject that is self-evidently important for systemic therapy, as for therapy generally, yet arguably it is one that has not received nearly as much attention in the literature as it warrants. This paper looks at the historical context for the marginalization of ethical discourse and suggests that the contemporary influence of postmodernist and hermeneutic thinking reinforces this tendency. Flaskas' (2002) recent argument for the reclamation of an idea of truth and reality as a social and emotional process is considered, and it is suggested that this needs supplementing with a perspective on truth and reality as an ethical process. Consideration is given to the enduring influence within postmodernist approaches of the modernist Kantian conception of ethics as centred in individual consciousness. I argue that important elements of contemporary systemic practice (for example, the reflecting team approach) are also pointing towards a different formulation of ethics that is focused more specifically on processes of communication. In elaborating this theme the paper draws on the work of the German social theorist Jürgen Habermas who writes on the ethics of communication.     

安萨里伦理学及神秘主义

安萨里伦理学是对早期伊斯兰哲学伦理学的改造,苏非虔敬精神使其伦理学体系神秘主义倾向明显。对于美德的内涵、渊源和德目,安萨里做了宗教式的解读。他将幸福解释为临近真主,知识和行为是获得幸福的基本方式。安萨里强调行为伦理规则的渊源,是体现在宗教经典中的启示及其权威的延伸,反对穆尔太齐赖派伦理学上的唯理论。在神秘德行论中,安萨里对苏非心性修养做了伦理学的解释,把其划分为一个德行上不断递进的次序。对真主的爱是一切品级和境界的巅峰。在现世生活中,人越是强烈的喜爱真主,越会在来世得到最高程度的幸福。     

Jewish biomedical ethics and care of the AIDS patient

Jewish biomedical ethics form part of the broader Judeo-Christian ethical system that prescribes appropriate social conduct for most Americans. They are based on law(halachah) that is derived from the Hebrew Bible and its interpretations. The principle on which they center is that every person is sanctified by God and therefore of infinite value. Therefore, every effort must be made to preserve and protect human life. The management of the patient with AIDS engenders many problems of an ethical nature. An appreciation of the Judaic solutions to these problems may assist physicians caring for patients with AIDS in making their management decisions.