Modellierung von Fehlkonzepten in einer algebraischen Wissensstruktur

An extension of the theory of knowledge spaces by Doignon &; Falmagne (1985) is presented that tries to account for subjects’ typical errors and wrong answers. This extension concerns two major points: The usual dichotomous item format (right/wrong) is generalized to polytomous response categories, and the theoretical structure (knowledge, skills, misconceptions) is clearly separated from the empirical structure (observable solution behavior, subject’s responses). Using examples from a set of questions about properties of simple electric circuits the general method is demonstrated. Axioms of an algebraic structure known as “information system” (Scott, 1982) are shown to provide an appropriate characterization of the theoretical domain. The structural properties of the data, on the other hand, can be derived from assumptions about the influence of knowledge and misconceptions on specific answers for a set of questions.     

Das Traumgenerierungsmodell von Ulrich Moser und Ilka von Zeppelin

Moser and von Zeppelin developed a dream generation model. Based on an empirical scientific method for dream coding derived from this model, affect regulation processes within dreams can be reconstructed. A dream of a Canadian soldier is used to illustrate this approach and to examine its possibilities as well as limitations. Finally, this article discusses how far such a procedure can be helpful in a didactical, institutional or academic context when approaching the dream phenomenon and as a process preceding dream interpretation.     

Beleuchtung von anwendungen der logistik in werken von Rudolf Carnap

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Das Traumgenerierungsmodell von Ulrich Moser und die Codierung von Traumprozessen

Under the conditions of sleeping, mental activity creates a psychic microworld “dream” experienced as the present, running predominantly in a pictorial and sensual way in a sequence of situations and sometimes containing verbal relations and cognitive processes. Together with Ilka von Zeppelin, Ulrich Moser has developed a model of the emergence of sleep dreams with the aim to reconstruct the dreaming process, which is normally concealed under the verbal structure of the dream report and to explain this sequence as the result of a cognitive affective regulatory process. In accordance with the theory of French, dreaming is seen as an attempt to cope in a simulative mode with unresolved neurotic conflicts and traumatic experiences. To make this process visible, the authors developed a very differentiated model-guided coding system, a form of operationalization of the “dream work” that records and describes all cognitive elements and all interactive behavior in the dream. This analysis provides the formal and structural characteristics of the dream that precede every interpretation of content or biographical meaning. In this way, dream series in a single person, as well as dreams in different groups, can be objectively studied and compared. A presentation of the dream model is followed by an introduction into the basic principles of the coding system. This dream process coding and the interpretation based on it are demonstrated on a specimen dream. This dream is Freud’s “Dream of Irma’s injection”, which he selected himself to demonstrate his method of dream interpretation in Die Traumdeutung and which was also used by Erikson to illustrate his “configurational analysis”.     

Begutachtung von Traumatisierungen

The assessment of trauma related-disorders belongs to the most controversial and medically as well as juridically most broadly discussed fields. Accordingly, the juridical basis and clinical implications are presented and discussed. In doing so, among other things the principles of the causality judgement, the damage-related factors and those damage-independent factors which have to be considered are described. They are discussed in the context of social-juridical and insurance-juridical contexts. Some specific features of the clinical investigation situation are shown.     

Supervision von Psychotherapie

Zusammenfassung Modelle, Varianten und Methoden der Supervision von Psychotherapie werden vor dem Hintergrund eines sich ?ndernden Supervisionsverst?ndnisses dargestellt. Es wird aufgezeigt, worin diese Ver?nderungen bestehen, auf welche empirische Basis sich die Behauptung von der qualit?tssichernden Funktion der Supervision stützt, und was unternommen wird, um die Qualit?t der Supervision selbst zu sichern.      

Psychotherapie von Suchterkrankungen

Zusammenfassung Im ersten Teil dieser übersicht wurden m?gliche Bedenken hinsichtlich der Psychotherapie Suchtkranker diskutiert. Der Weg von der Diagnostik zur Motivationstherapie wurde beschrieben. In diesem zweiten Teil werden zun?chst einige ausgew?hlte Beitr?ge verschiedener Psychotherapierichtungen zur Suchtkrankenbehandlung vorgestellt. Es wird deutlich, dass die deskriptive Diagnostik zur Interventionsplanung um eine weitergehende „Feindiagnostik” erg?nzt werden muss, die von dem gew?hlten psychotherapeutischen Ansatz abh?ngt, da es eine einheitliche Suchtpers?nlichkeit nicht gibt. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden – nach einer einführenden übersicht – die psychoanalytisch-tiefenpsychologischen Konzepte und Therapiemodelle für Suchtkranke sowie die kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Ans?tze unter Berücksichtigung spezifischer Rückfallpr?ventionstrainings vorgestellt. Abschlie?end wird auf allgemeine und spezifische Wirkfaktoren und empirische Wirksamkeitsnachweise der Psychotherapie von Suchterkrankungen eingegangen.      

Diagnose von Intelligenzminderung

The diagnostics of intellectual disability is a complex process which must be carried out on several levels using different methods (multidimensional diagnostics). The expertise of the test leader is at least just as important as the selection of suitable procedures. The responsible use of test procedures requires comprehensive knowledge of test diagnostics and sufficient experience in the examination of people in the appropriate age group with intellectual disabilities and a good familiarity with the procedures used. This article provides information on the epidemiology of intellectual disability, supplies definitions and classification of the grade of severity of intellectual disabilities and describes the diagnostic pathway.     

Zum Vortrag von Hempel

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Wahrscheinlichkeit von Hypothesen:

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Operationalisierte Basisdokumentation von Gruppenpsychotherapien

It can be assumed that group psychotherapy will play an increasingly more important role for both inpatient and outpatient basic care not only due to health economic considerations. This means that new methods of documentation, quality management and optimization of group-specific therapy processes and results have to be developed. The present system for operationalized basic documentation of group psychotherapy (OBG) is not only meant to be a starting point for research on dynamics and efficacy of group psychotherapy but could also serve as an instrument for standardized documentation of clinical progress, quality assurance and, in combination with the accompanying manual, as an aid for education and further training for psychotherapists. The contents of the documentation system are based on the current state of scientific research and, as far as possible, were implemented irrespective of specific psychotherapeutic approaches referring to particular schools of thought. Particular consideration was given to the practice guidelines for group psychotherapy of the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) published in 2007. The system structure is based on a model of anatomy and physiology of a group according to Burlingame et al., which ascertains patterns and processes within groups. In addition to general thematic and methodological aspects, several items on group dynamics are included, such as distribution of roles, formation of subgroups, development of group norms, conflict management, interpersonal feedback, self-disclosure, cohesion and other so-called therapeutic factors. Clinical testing in different settings is currently being carried out. Results and further developmental possibilities of the OBG system will be reported soon.     

Psychosoziale Belastungen von Bahnpendlern

The increasing number of commuters in our society raises the question of the consequences, in particular of psychiatric and somatic symptoms and the quality of life. A total of 407 commuters at the main railway stations in Stuttgart and Ulm (southern Germany) were included in a study in order to assess the psychiatric symptoms of commuters and if they are able to make use of psychosocial care despite the long periods of time spent commuting to work. An important result was that especially long-term commuters pay a high price: 31.3% of male and 37.3% of female commuters exceeded the cut-off point for psychiatric illness in the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2). The high prevalence of psychiatric disorders coincides with a high rate of unmet needs so that a high rate of false and under-treatment for commuters can be assumed.