共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Philip J. McCarthy 《Psychometrika》1951,16(3):247-269
Volume IV ofThe American Solider presents the first complete account of the scale analysis approach of Guttman and the latent structure approach of Lazarsfeld
to the problem of attitude measurement. This review has been prepared for the purpose of providing an expository account of
the models proposed by Guttman and Lazarsfeld, together with an indication of the places which call for additional clarification
and research.
This review was originally prepared at the request of the Sociological Research Association, and was presented at the Association's
Annual Meeting in New York City, December, 1949. 相似文献
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In the first section of the review, the general features of this large reference work are described as well as the manner in which “eminence” has been defined. The principles of the selection of the references for the two volumes are noted and the potential uses of the bibliography are discussed. The second section is devoted to a critique of some stylistic matters (diacritical signs, symbols, and abbreviations) and of certain practices (choice of the edition of books, treatment of the secondary references published in several journals, translations) regarded as open to debate. The review closes with considerations of problems of professional identification of the eminent contributors, and the correctness and relevance of some of the entries. The bibliography is regarded by the reviewer as a sine qua non reference work indispensable to students, teachers, and scholars in or out of psychology. 相似文献
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John M. MacRae 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(1):111-119
Three- and four-year-old children were trained on an oddity task with the use of picture stimuli. After criterion was reached the Ss were presented 12 new stimuli. The four-year-olds learned faster than the three-year-olds and showed superior performance on the transfer trials. Differences in oddity acquisition between a weak (6/6) and strong (12/12) criterion present in three-year-olds' data, and their precriterion level of responding, suggested that many of the younger children were aware of the stimulus relations present before they were able to reach the 12/12 criterion but were unable to maintain stable performance based on the relational oddity cue. The poorer transfer shown by the three-year-olds also suggests some difficulties of consistent relational choices even after a strong relational learning criterion had been met. 相似文献
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This article reviews the historical origins of Attachment Theory and Evolutionary Threat Assessment Systems Theory (ETAS Theory),
their evolutionary basis and their application in research on religion and mental health. Attachment Theory has been most
commonly applied to religion and mental health in research on God as an attachment figure, which has shown that secure attachment
to God is positively associated with psychological well-being. Its broader application to religion and mental health is comprehensively
discussed by Kirkpatrick (2005). ETAS Theory explains why certain religious beliefs—including beliefs about God and life-after-death—should have an adverse
association, an advantageous association, or no association at all with mental health. Moreover, it makes specific predictions
to this effect, which have been confirmed, in part. The authors advocate the application of ETAS Theory in research on religion
and mental health because it explains how religious and other beliefs related to the dangerousness of the world can directly
affect psychiatric symptoms through their affects on specific brain structures. 相似文献
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情绪调节理论:心理健康角度的考察 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18
以情绪调节与心理健康的关系为切入口,对情绪调节理论进行了阐述:早期精神分析理论,把情绪调节看作被动防御机制,情绪调节困难导致心理问题;情境观把情绪调节看作为应对情绪情境即时的心理反应,策略使用情况与心理健康相关;过程观认为情绪调节在情绪发生过程中展开,不同阶段所采用的调节策略与心理健康相关,后又把调节过程扩展到情绪恢复到正常状态所持续时间,时间与心理健康相关;结构观认为情绪调节结构的差异影响心理健康 相似文献
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The Concept of Mental Toughness: Tests of Dimensionality,Nomological Network,and Traitness
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Daniel F. Gucciardi Sheldon Hanton Sandy Gordon Clifford J. Mallett Philip Temby 《Journal of personality》2015,83(1):26-44
Mental toughness has received increased scholarly attention in recent years, yet conceptual issues related to its (a) dimensionality, (b) nomological network, and (c) traitness remain unresolved. The series of studies reported in this article were designed to examine these three substantive issues across several achievement contexts, including sport, education, military, and the workplace. Five studies were conducted to examine these research aims—Study 1: N = 30; Study 2: calibration sample (n = 418), tertiary students (n = 500), athletes (n = 427), and employees (n = 550); Study 3: N = 497 employees; Study 4: N = 203 tertiary students; Study 5: N = 115 army candidates. Collectively, the results of these studies revealed that mental toughness may be best conceptualized as a unidimensional rather than a multidimensional concept; plays an important role in performance, goal progress, and thriving despite stress; and can vary and have enduring properties across situations and time. This series of studies provides a foundation for further basic and applied research of mental toughness across various achievement contexts. 相似文献
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Marc V. P. Slors 《Erkenntnis》2007,67(2):321-336
In the first section of this paper I argue that the main reason why Daniel Dennett’s Intentional Systems Theory (IST) has
been perceived as behaviourist or antirealist is its inability to account for the causal efficacy of the mental. The rest
of the paper is devoted to the claim that by emending the theory with a phenomenon called ‘empathic resonance’ (ER), it can
account for the various explananda in the mental causation debate. Thus, IST + ER is a much more viable option than IST, even
though IST + ER assigns a crucial role to the phenomenology of agency, a role that is incompatible with Dennett’s writings
on consciousness.
相似文献
Marc V. P. SlorsEmail: |
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Karl Schafer 《European Journal of Philosophy》2015,23(4):978-1005
On its face, Hume's account of mental representation involves at least two elements. On the one hand, Hume often seems to write as though the representational properties of an idea are fixed solely by what it is a copy or image of. But, on the other, Hume's treatment of abstract ideas (and other similar cases) makes it clear that the representational properties of a Humean idea sometimes depend, not just on what it is copied from, but also on the manner in which the mind associates it with other ideas. Past interpretations of Hume have tended to focus on one of these elements of his account to the neglect of the other. But no interpretation of this sort is likely to capture the role that both copying and association play within Hume's discussion. In what follows, I argue that the most plausible way of understanding Hume's discussion involves attributing to him a unified account of mental representation in which both of these elements play a central role. I close by discussing the manner in which reading Hume in this way would alter our understanding of the relationship between Hume's thought and contemporary philosophy of mind. 相似文献
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Danielle W. Mendoza 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1993,71(6):629-635
Gerald Caplan's Theory and Practice of Mental Health Consultation (1970), considered to be a classic seminal work in the field of consultation, is reviewed. First, the author presents Caplan's general definition of consultation along with what may be considered the general principles or procedures of consultation. Then the author presents Caplan's procedures and principles as relevant to each type of consultation. Next, each of Caplan's four models of consultation is described. Last, these four models are compared in terms of the professional role of the consultee, the primary goal of consultation, and the target of consultation intervention. 相似文献
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Josef Brozek 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1979,14(2):93-96
In the encyclopedicPsychology of the 20th Century three volumes are relevant to the work of I. P. Pavlov, his predecessors, contemporaries, and followers. Volume 1 (1976) provides an extensive account of the history of non-introspective, “objective” psychology. In Volume 4 (1977), examined in this review and consisting of sections on “Theories of Learning” and “Behavior Modification,” separate chapters are devoted to Pavlov’s life and work, and its continuation in the Soviet Union. Classical conditioning is considered in the context of S-R learning theories, interaction with operant conditioning, and development of behavior therapy. Additional materials are likely to be presented in Volume 6 (to be published) dealing with animal psychology, ethology, and physiological psychology. 相似文献
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消费者决策分析的新视角:双通道心理账户理论 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
双通道心理账户是指人们在购买决策时具有一个双向通道的心理账户,其中一个通道记录了付款后消费者剩余的正效用,而另一个通道则记录了除去消费后付款带来的负效用.当消费与支付联结紧密时,会让人们更易想起支付的痛苦,从而降低消费快感,此时快乐弱化系数(α)大;当消费与支付联结较弱时,人们更不易记起支付的金额,从而在消费时拥有更多快乐,此时痛苦钝化系数(β)大.文章通过整理已有研究发现:先付款后消费的α系数更小,而先消费后付款的β系数更小;奢侈品的α系数更大,而必需品的β系数更大;吝啬者的α系数更大,而挥霍者的β系数更大.文章进一步阐述了影响消费者购买联结的心理机制是债务规避和负的时间偏好、支付贬值等.在此基础上为消费者做出购买决策以及商家选择促销方式提出了建议.同时也为消费者决策行为研究提供了新的视角和研究课题. 相似文献
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This paper replies to Politzer’s (2007) criticisms of the mental model theory of conditionals. It argues that the theory provides a correct account of negation
of conditionals, that it does not provide a truth-functional account of their meaning, though it predicts that certain interpretations
of conditionals yield acceptable versions of the ‘paradoxes’ of material implication, and that it postulates three main strategies
for estimating the probabilities of conditionals. 相似文献