正义:社会正义和全球正义

<正>义是理念,理念在历史中显示。非正义是与正义相关而不是相反的概念,它指的是各种事态。鉴于非正义所指事态的多样性,正义理念可被赋予以下内容:个体的基本权利必须被保护和行使;在某时期的实际条件下,这些权利的诸意蕴必须在国家和全球的层面上被诉求和实行。正义由此显示为一个元-原则,并在社会正义和全球正义中得到充实。当前,自由市场和人权的结合加剧了社会和全球非正义,加剧了国家之间和内部业已存在的经济不平等。保护作为清晰思考和界定的基本人权是走出当前困境的出路。     

分配公正、程序公正、互动公正影响效果的差异

以大学生奖学金评比为例,探讨了组织公正各维度影响效果的差异。以661名大学生为被试,采用2×2×2的完全随机设计,以情境故事法（scenarios）呈现刺激,研究了奖学金评比中分配公正、程序公正、互动公正对大学生学习投入、班级荣誉感、班级归属感、与辅导员的关系的影响。结果表明,组织公正三个维度与效果变量之间存在清晰的对应影响关系：分配公正主要影响具体、以个人为参照的效果变量;程序公正主要影响与组织有关的效果变量;互动公正主要影响与上司有关的效果变量。     

企业社会责任与社会公正

企业何以需要承担社会责任?企业承担社会责任的价值指归于何处?又如何能保持企业承担社会责任的持续后劲?诸如此类问题的思考和解决在本质上命系于社会公正或公正的社会环境。企业社会责任与社会公正是一个交融渗透、共生互动的德性共同体。     

从社会正义迈向生态正义:社会工作的理论拓展与范式转移

传统社会工作"人在环境中"的"环境"概念常常指服务对象所处的社会环境,很大程度上忽略了对人与自然环境关系的重视。本文认为,在恶化的自然环境不断给人类社会带来一系列灾难性后果的时代背景下,社会工作专业应体现出与时俱进的学科品质,将"生态环境"之维带回社会工作,重新解读和修正主流社会工作关于"人在环境中"这一核心理论与实践议题的认知及其实践范式。进而,本文结合当前的生态发展议题,尝试从理论的生态转向、教育体系的重构、参与生态环境治理的实践能力提升,以及社会工作社会属性的专业本质重塑等方面提出社会工作积极回应生态文明建设的可能路径,这在一定程度上是对绿色社会工作理论范式的初步探索。     

社会公平正义与伦理——"第五届两岸伦理学术研讨会"综述

第五届两岸伦理学术研讨会以"社会公平正义与伦理"为主题,就"中、西伦理思想中的公平正义"、"社会公平正义与环境伦理"、"社会公平正义与政治伦理"、"社会公平正义与企业伦理"及中西方传统伦理、生命伦理、家庭伦理、校园道德文化建设等问题进行了广泛交流和深入探讨.     

Justice and Social Conflict

This article analyzes possible effects of ideas of justice, perceptions of injustice, and the use of justice arguments on the emergence, course, and resolution of social conflicts. Four functions of justice are identified: (1) ideas of justice and perceptions of injustice can elicit or evoke social conflicts; (2) justice arguments and rhetorics can be used to support one's own position in a dispute; (3) the basic value and the principles and rules of justice can restrict social conflicts and help to generate ways of conflict resolution; (4) the labelling of conflict resolutions as just can increase the acceptance of the resolution. The analysis is illustrated by making reference to a recent case of international conflict and diplomatic controversy.     

社会公正:弘扬集体主义价值观的前提

中国社会正处于前所未有的转型期,市场化过程一方面改变了中国社会的经济结构和组织方式,同时也改变了广大民众的生活态度、价值观念。随着市场化过程的进一步深入,原有的价值观念同社会发展大趋势的矛盾逐步暴露出来。个人主义与集体主义之间日趋激烈的碰撞正是这种矛盾的突出表现,集体主义日渐为社会民众所淡化和遗忘,如果不能正确认识这种现状和疏导这种矛盾,势必影响改革的进一步深入。作者认为社会主义市场经济建设必须坚持集体主义价值观的指导,同时导入公正原则。     

Religious and/or Spiritual Social Justice Advocacy: Guidance From the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies

The Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC; Ratts, Singh, Nassar-McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, 2015) provide recommendations for social justice advocacy through a socioecological lens. The authors conceptualize and apply the MSJCC to inform counselor engagement in social justice advocacy for an often-neglected area of diversity: religion and/or spirituality. Practice and ethical examples, considerations, and recommendations related to religion and/or spirituality in MSJCC-compatible social justice advocacy are provided.     

The University and Social Justice

Considerations of social justice pertain to universities with respect to reserved spaces for applicants from disadvantaged groups, targeted hiring, differential student fees or faculty workloads and salaries, and similarly contested matters. This paper displaces debates over what constitutes just allocation of university resources from those over theories of justice in general to those about alternative visions of the proper goal of universities. To this end, educational and democratic theories of John Dewey are drawn on as an alternative to elitist conceptions and the implications of these competing viewpoints for specific justice-related issues are explicated.     

Neo-Aristotelian Social Justice: An Unanswered Question

In this paper I assess the possibility of advancing a modern conception of social justice under neo-Aristotelian lights, focussing primarily on conceptions that assert a fundamental connection between social justice and eudaimonia. After some preliminary remarks on the extent to which a neo-Aristotelian account must stay close to Aristotle’s own, I focus on Martha Nussbaum’s sophisticated neo-Aristotelian approach, which I argue implausibly overworks the aspects of Aristotle’s thought it appeals to. I then outline the shape of a deeper and more general, and as yet unanswered, problem facing neo-Aristotelian accounts: how to justify the claim that the point of a just society is to assist or enable its members to flourish.     

Social Justice Advocacy: Community Collaboration and Systems Advocacy

This article discusses the community collaboration and systems advocacy domains of the ACA (American Counseling Association) Advocacy Competencies (J. A. Lewis, M. S. Arnold, R. House, & R. L. Toporek, 2002). A case illustration is presented, and the 8 Advocacy Competencies within each domain are applied to the case study.     

Equality, Priority and Social Justice

The moral principle of giving greater priority to benefiting people, the less well off they are, has been thought by some to share the plausibility of egalitarianism whilst avoiding the less plausible implications of the latter. This paper argues that the 'priority' principle does have an authentic place in our moral thinking, and that it is distinct from the idea of 'equality', but that the latter also has an indispensible role to play. The idea of 'priority'has its place as the expression of the moral standpoint of benevolent and sympathetic concern. 'Equality', in contrast, functions as a conception of social justice, from which it cannot be displaced by the idea of 'priority'.