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1.
Although this paper attends to some extent to the question whether the global economy promotes or impedes either justice or sustainability, its main focus is on the relationship between justice and sustainability. Whilst sustainability itself as a normative goal is about sustaining inter alia justice, justice itself requires intergenerationally the sustaining of the conditions of a good life for all. At the heart of this is a conception of justice as realising the basic rights of all–in contrast to a more demanding distributive principle or a less demanding principle of not violating the liberty rights or other basic rights of others. Although Pogge’s analysis that the global economy causes harm by failing to realise basic rights is seen as a useful challenge to common libertarian assumptions, the acceptance of other positive correlative duties, following Shue, is advocated. Insofar as the global economy fails to realise basic justice, the question is ‘how far can it realistically be changed?’ and this is a function partly of the moral attitudes of individuals at large. 相似文献
2.
The genetic testing of children raises many ethical concerns. This paper examines how five position statements from Canada,
UK and USA, which present guidelines for good practice in this area produce different recommendations for carrier testing
and predictive testing. We find that the genetic information generated through carrier testing is routinely presented as less
serious than that generated from predictive testing. Additionally, the reproductive implications of predictive testing are
also routinely erased. Consequently, the papers argue strongly against predictive testing but advise caution against carrier
testing in somewhat weaker terms. We argue that these differences rest on assumptions about the status of reproduction in
people’s lives and on an ethical stance that foregrounds the self over others. We propose that questioning the crude and sharp
distinction between carrier and predictive testing in principle may enable practitioners and parents/families to make more
nuanced decisions in practice.
Parts of this work have been presented in the 1st International CESAGen Conference, London, 2004, and Genetics and Society
Meetings, Wales. 相似文献