The Lambeth Appeal and the Appeal of Britain

In 1920, the Lambeth Conference of Anglican bishops issued the “Appeal to All Christian People.” While much has been written on its genesis in 1920 and its impact on the later ecumenical movement and on Anglicanism, much less has been written about the relationship of the sort of ecumenism espoused by the Lambeth Appeal to the international political developments of the time. This article assesses the impact of the First World War and the Versailles Settlement on some of the assumptions underlying the Lambeth Appeal, examining how the appeal was in many ways a by-product of a new form of internationalism, which itself was closely related to the reinterpretation of the British Empire that emerged during the war.     

Naturalist Semantics and the Appeal to Structure

We need not accommodate facts about meaning if Quine is right about the indeterminacy of subsentential expressions; there can be no such facts to accommodate. Evans argued that Quine's approach overlooks the ways speakers use predication to endow their use of subsentential expressions with the necessary determinacy. This paper offers a critical assessment of the debate in relation to current arguments about naturalism and shows how Evans's response depends on a basic claim that turns out to be false.     

为理智主义申言

理智主义(intellectualism)是一种诉诸心智的知识结构(概念、命题知识等)来解释行动的性质或者行动的某些方面的哲学立场。理智主义在若干哲学领域皆有表现。针对赖尔对理智主义的批评,可以为理智主义论题提供一个一般性的辩护。理智主义对解释"智能行为"和"善行"这类行动的某些特征有不可或缺的作用。     

诚信:人文奥运之道德诉求

人文,是一种以约束为前提的人类自由。人文精神是人类文明不断进步的精神动力源;诚信是组成人文精神的基本要素。人文奥运包括了对诚信道德的价值追求;奥林匹克运动需要诚信作为道德支撑;奥运中出现的多方面诚信缺失现象,是对奥运精神的背离。北京奥运将人文奥运作为核心理念,反映了人们对奥运向人文精神回归的渴望,也反映了北京奥运对以诚信为道德基础的人文奥运的强烈期待。     

How Philosophers Appeal to Priority to Effect Revolution

This article argues that philosophers tend to employ a particular method in constructing their theories and critiquing their opponents. To substantiate this claim, the article examines the work of Nietzsche and Locke, the Empiricists and Rationalists, Heidegger, Levinas, and Derrida, and Russell and Wittgenstein, showing how each relies on a method the article labels “revolution‐through‐return.” The method consists in identifying the authority behind your opponent's theory, then appealing to something “prior to” that authority, from which you then proceed to derive your own theory. The article distinguishes between several senses of priority (temporal, ontological, axiological, and so on), argues that modern philosophers tend to rely on temporal priority, and discusses the questions in priority theory that need to be addressed in order evaluate and construct revolution‐through‐return arguments.     

Aesthetic Experts,Guides to Value

A theory of aesthetic value should explain the performance of aesthetic experts, for aesthetic experts are agents who track aesthetic value. Aesthetic empiricism, the theory that an item's aesthetic value is its power to yield aesthetic pleasure, suggests that aesthetic experts are best at locating aesthetic pleasure, especially given aesthetic internalism, the view that aesthetic reasons always have motivating force. Problems with empiricism and internalism open the door to an alternative. Aesthetic experts perform a range of actions not aimed at pleasure. Yet their reasons for acting are aesthetic. Since aesthetic values figure in aesthetic reasons, we can read a nonempiricist theory of aesthetic value off aesthetic experts’ reasons for acting.     

On the Road: The Appeal of Buddhism to Travellers

Buddhism has been associated with travel and transportation since its inception. The Buddha himself led a peripatetic life wandering from town to town preaching his dharma, and King A?oka sent missionaries travelling far and wide. Travelling merchants were the most prominent early converts to Buddhism and their prominence in the religion continued for a long time. This article explores the importance of travel in the acceptance of Buddhist ideas, and will show that the changes in worldview undergone by one travelling from place to place, encountering along the road different ways of thinking, dressing, speaking and living are likely to foster in such a person an interest in some of the seminal ideas embodied in Buddhism. The psychological effects of travel force people to wrestle with their previously accepted local truths, drawing them instead to Buddhism’s universal outlook, its teaching of compassion for all beings and rejection of culturally specific social restrictions.     

体现着人权诉求的消费者权益

对于传统的中国人来讲,义务与责任几乎是伦理、道德的同义词,因此,谈到消费伦理,在过去人们马上会想到勤俭节约的美德.而今天,随着公民意识的觉醒,消费者勇于维权的表现已经成为改革开放以来中国价值观念变革的一道重要景观.现在再谈及消费伦理,自然会将消费者的权益维护作为整个消费伦理阐释框架的基石与出发点.而这一消费伦理研究视角的明显变换,实际上折射出了正在迅速发生着的中国社会道德思维结构从以义务为本位到以权利为本位的巨大转型.     

Attitudes to Authority in Women Religious

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between three stances in attitudes to authority and levels of intrapsychic and interrelational of maturity in women religious in initial stages of membership. Subjects were drawn from congregations throughout the U.S. from those involved in programs of formation or temporary commitment. The total sample (N = 162) was divided into three equal-attitude groups (N = 54), using complementary but uncorrelated measures of attitudes to institutional authority and directiveness. Relationship between the behavioral rating of directiveness seemed associated with intrapsychic measures of individuation, with those scoring as most directive found most mature from this perspective. Maturation rated from an intergenerational system approach seemed to be associated with pro-authority attitudes, with those most supportive of authority scoring highest on this construct. Implications for further research as well as work with religious in formation are suggested.     

The Official Torturer: A Learning Model for Obedience to the Authority of Violence

The military training and selection procedures leading to the behavior of a torturer are discussed. The analysis is based on testimonies of army police servicemen at the first torturers' trial in Greece and on the interviews of ex-military policemen who served under the military dictatorship in Greece (1967–1974). It is concluded that, given the appropriate training condition, any individual is a potential torturer, and a model for obedience to the authority of violence is proposed.