Psychology between science and common sense: William James and the problems of psychological language in the Principles

The suspicion that language can become an obstacle to human knowledge is not new in the Western intellectual tradition. Following the empiricist legacy, many authors have suggested the perils and pitfalls of common sense language for science. Applied to psychology, this leads to the issue of the reliability of psychological language for scientific psychology. William James, in his Principles of Psychology, was one of the first psychologists to address this problem explicitly. The goal of this paper is to situate his position and contrast it with contemporary debates over the status of folk psychology. The results indicate that James conceived of common sense psychology in a very complex manner, and pointed to a kind of illusion that remains ignored in the current literature, with negative consequences for psychology. I conclude by suggesting the relevance of James for contemporary debates in theoretical and philosophical psychology.     

Stylistic appearances and linguistic diversity

Philosophy is beginning to pay problems of linguistic justice the attention they deserve in today's heavily interconnected and migrant world. Contemporary philosophy itself, however, has a particular problem of linguistic justice that deserves metaphilosophical attention. At least in the philosophical tradition that is mainstream in much of the world today, viz., analytic philosophy, methodological and sociological mechanisms make it the case that the voices of non-(native) Anglophone philosophers are substantially less heard. Among the mechanisms responsible for this situation, argues this paper, is the emphasis given by influential philosophical institutions to linguistic style and appearances as signs of clarity, precision, and rigour in the treatment of philosophical problems. Such an emphasis is not justifiable, in part because it deprives philosophy of a wider variety of perspectives. The paper concludes by presenting and motivating a recent initiative that aims to foster greater linguistic and cultural diversity within the profession.     

试论齐国音乐的风格特点

齐国“因其俗,简其礼”的开明政策,不仅为“尚变革”的齐文化奠定了基础,也给齐国的音乐艺术提供了自由发展的广阔空间。因此在齐国,无论是民间音乐还是宫廷雅乐,都显现出了五彩缤纷的景象和与众不同的风格特点。本文以齐国的民间歌曲和宫廷《韶》乐为例,利用文献史料对其风格特点进行了分析论证。     

The hiring of James Mark Baldwin and James Gibson Hume at the University of Toronto in 1889

In 1889, George Paxton Young, the University of Toronto's philosophy professor, passed away suddenly while in the midst of a public debate over the merits of hiring Canadians in preference to American and British applicants for faculty positions. As a result, the process of replacing Young turned into a continuation of that argument, becoming quite vociferous and involving the popular press and the Ontario government This article examines the intellectual, political, and personal dynamics at work in the battle over Young's replacement and its eventual resolution. The outcome would have an impact on both the Canadian intellectual scene and the development of experimental psychology in North America.     

医学书面语体的特征研究

以病历、医嘱、处方、检验报告、诊断学等教科书中书面语言为基础,对医学书面语体的内部结构和外部要素进行分析,认为医学书面语体作为一个相对新型的语体,在语词、句法、辞格和篇章等方面有显著的特征。还深入研究了这些特征与相关联的语言外部要素间联系。     

医学书面语体的特征研究

以病历、医嘱、处方、检验报告、诊断学等教科书中书面语言为基础,对医学书面语体的内部结构和外部要素进行分析,认为医学书面语体作为一个相对新型的语体,在语词、句法、辞格和篇章等方面有显著的特征.还深入研究了这些特征与相关联的语言外部要素间联系.     

James Ensor and the Mask of Reality

James Ensor (1860–1914), the Belgian painter, in his 23rd year, began to represent subjects wearing masks, and he continued to do so until the end of his life. Beyond the primarily formal use to which Ensor originally put the mask, it soon also became a means of representing his perception of the true selves of people. Thus, for Ensor, the visible face itself was a mask, a persona, concealing a subject's true self. In a brief discussion, the mask is situated in a broader, historical and psychosocial context, and Ensor's use of the mask is related to his early life and later experiences.