Once More . . .

Mark S. Smith, Second Edition with a foreword by Patrick D. Miller, The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel
Martin Buber, ed. Maurice S. Friedman, Third Edition, Meetings: Autobiographical Fragments
Martin Buber, The Legend of the Baal-Shem
Martin Buber, Ten Rungs: Collected Hasidic Sayings
Martin Buber, Between Man and Man
Martin Buber, The Way of Man According to the Teachings of Hasidism
Maurice S. Friedman, Martin Buber: The Life of Dialogue
Ira M. Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies
Gerhard Endress, Islam: An Historical Introduction
Henry D. Rack, Reasonable Enthusiast: John Wesley and the Rise of Methodism
Adrian Hastings, Alistair Mason and Hugh Pyper (eds), Christian Thought: A Brief History
Paul Avis, T & T Clark, Anglicanism and the Christian Church: Theological Resources in Historical Perspective     

ONCE MORE . . .

Books reviewed:
The Major World Religions : An Introduction with Texts , T. Patrick Burke, Second Edition, Blackwell 2004 (1-4051-1049-X), pp. xix + 380, Pb £17.99/$34.95 Reviewed by Isabel Wollaston University of Birmingham
The Biblical World , two volumes, John Barton (ed.), Routledge 2004 (0-415-34954-0), Hb £45 Reviewed by Deryn Guest University of Birmingham
Matthew : A Commentary, Volume 1 : The Christbook (Matthew 1–12) , Frederick Dale Bruner, Revised and Expanded Edition, Eerdmans 2004 (0-8028-1118-3), pp. xlviii + 604, Hb £34.95/$45 Matthew : A Commentary, Volume 2 : The Churchbook (Matthew 13–18) , Frederick Dale Bruner, Revised and Expanded Edition, Eerdmans 2004 (0-8028-2670-9), pp. xxxii + 854, Hb £34.95/$45 Reviewed by Philip Seddon University of Birmingham
Religion in the Medieval World , Bernard Hamilton, Second Edition, Arnold Publishers 2003 (0-340-80839-X), pp. ix + 196, Pb £14.99 Reviewed by Stephen Morris New York
A History of the Popes 1830–1914 , Owen Chadwick, Oxford History of the Christian Church, Oxford University Press 2003 (0-19-926286-1), pp. x + 614, Pb £25 Reviewed by Isabel Wollaston University of Birmingham
Religion and American Culture : A Reader , David G. Hackett (ed.), Second Edition, Routledge 2003 (0-415-94273-X), pp. xvi + 550, Pb £22.95 Reviewed by Jeffrey Marlett The College of Saint Rose, New York
Cut Loose Your Stammering Tongue : Black Theology in the Slave Narrative , Dwight N. Hopkins and George C.L. Cummings (eds), Second Edition, Westminster John Knox Press 2003 (0-664-22521-7), pp. xvi + 205, Pb $24.95 Reviewed by Isabel Wollaston University of Birmingham     

ONCE MORE . . .

Books reviewed:
A History of the Sikhs, Volume 1: 1469–1839 , Khushwant Singh, Oxford University Press 2005 (0-1956-7308-5), xiv + 434 pp., pb $24.95
A History of the Sikhs, Volume 2: 1839–2004 , Khushwant Singh, Oxford University Press 2005 (0-1956-7309-3), xiv + 575 pp., pb $24.95 Reviewed by Nirmal Singh Hindu University of America
Keepers of the Story: Oral Traditions in Religion , Megan McKenna, Seabury Books 2004 (1-59627-006-3), xi + 211 pp., pb $16 Reviewed by David Tonghou Ngong Baylor University
A Concise Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Religion , Anthony C. Thiselton, Baker Academic 2005 (0-8010-3120-6), viii + 344 pp., pb $24.99 Reviewed by Owen Anderson Arizona State University West
The Modern Theologians: An Introduction to Christian Theology since 1918 , David F. Ford, Rachel Muers (eds), Blackwells 2005 (1-4051-0277-2), xxi + 819 pp., pb £19.99 Reviewed by Philip McCosker Peterhouse, Cambridge     

ONCE MORE . . .

Books reviewed:
Till the Heart Sings: A Biblical Theology of Manhood and Womanhood , Samuel Terrien, Eerdmans & Dove 2004 (0-8028-2237-1), pp. xxiv + 260, Pb £16.99 Reviewed by Walter Moberly University of Durham
Sex and Love in the Home: A Theology of the Household , David Matzko McCarthy, Second Edition, SCM Press 2004 (0-334-02946-5), pp. xiv + 297, Pb £18.99 Reviewed by Gavin D'Costa University of Bristol
The Divine Milieu , Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, translated by Siôn Cowell, Sussex Academic Press 2004 (1-902210-29-8), pp. xxxi + 12, Hb £29.95 Reviewed by Rev Dr Adrian Burdon Chester-le-Street, Co Durham     

Once More . . .

Books reviewed:
Allegory and Event: A Study of the Sources and Significance of Origen's Interpretation of Scripture , R.P.C. Hanson, with an introduction by Joseph W. Trigg, Westminster John Knox Press 2003 (0-664-22444-X), pp. xxv + 400, Pb £30
The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict between Islam and Christianity , M.J. Akbar, Routledge 2003 (0-415-32814-4), pp. xxv + 338, Pb £9.99
Ads, Fads, and Consumer Culture: Advertising's Impact on American Character and Society , Arthur A. Berger, Rowman and Littlefield 2004, Second Edition (0-7425-2724-7), pp. xviii + 174, Pb $21.95     

ONCE MORE . . .

Books reviewed:
Biblical Interpretation: The Meanings of Scripture – Past and Present , John M. Court (ed.), T & T Clark 2004, A Continuum Imprint (ISBN 0-8264-6658-3), pp. xii + 334, Pb £35 Reviewed by Isabel Wollaston University of Birmingham
The Psalms in Israel's Worship , Sigmund Mowinckel, The Biblical Resource Series, translated by D.R. Ap-Thomas, with a new Foreword by James L. Crenshaw, Eerdmans 2004 (0-8028-2816-7), pp. xliv + 303, Hb £19.99/$40 Reviewed by Philip Seddon University of Birmingham
Paul on Marriage and Celibacy: The Hellenistic Background of 1 Corinthians 7 , Will Deeming, Second Edition, Eerdmans 2004 (0-8028-3989-4), pp. xxii + 271, Pb £19.99 Reviewed by Anthony Bash University of Durham     

ONCE MORE . . .

Books reviewed:
Samuel Eliot Bassett, The Poetry of Homer
Everett Ferguson, Backgrounds of Early Christianity
Maxwell E. Johnson (ed.), Documents of the Baptismal Liturgy
Roger S. Gottlieb (ed.), This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment     

Things to Do Today . . . : A Daily Diary Study on Task Completion at Work

Relatively little is known about how goals in complex jobs are translated into action and how they are completed in real life settings. This study addressed the question to what extent planned work may actually be completed on a daily basis. The completion of daily work goals was studied in a sample of 878 tasks identified by 29 R&D engineers with the help of a daily diary. Multilevel analysis was used to analyse the joint effect of task attributes, perceived job characteristics, and personality attributes on the completion of planned work goals. At the level of task attributes, we found that priority, urgency, and lower importance were related to task completion, and at the individual level, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and time management training. Task completion was not related to task attractiveness, workload, job autonomy, planning, or perceived control of time. On connaît relativement peu de choses sur la manière dont les objectifs dans des tâches complexes sont traduites en action et sur la manière dont elles sont accomplies dans le cadre de la vie quotidienne. Cette étude a abordé la question de savoir dans quelle mesure les travaux prévus peuvent être effectivement achevés dans la vie quotidienne. Pour ce faire, un échantillon de 878 tâches a été identifié par 29 ingénieurs R&D à l’aide d’un journal quotidien. Une analyse multi niveau a été réalisée pour étudier l’effet conjoint des caractéristiques de la tâche et des caractéristiques de la personnalité sur l’accomplissement des objectifs d’un travail planifié. Au niveau des caractéristiques de la tâche, nous trouvons que l’accomplissement de la tâche est liéà la priorité, l’urgence et une importance basse et au niveau individuel à la conscience, la stabilitéémotionnelle et à la gestion du temps. L’accomplissement de la tâche n’est pas liéà son attrait, à la charge de travail, à l’autonomie au travail ou au contrôle du temps perçu.     

“I'm Not Prejudiced,but . . .”: Compensatory Egalitarianism in the 2008 Democratic Presidential Primary

The historic 2008 Democratic presidential primary race between Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton posed a difficult choice for egalitarian White voters, and many commentators speculated that the election outcome would reflect pitting the effects of racism against sexism ( Steinem, 2008 ). Because self‐reported prejudices may be untrustworthy, we used the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to assess White adults’ (1) condemnation of prejudices, and (2) attitudes toward the candidates in relation to voting decisions, as part of an online survey. Results supported the proposed compensatory egalitarianism process, such that Whites’ voting choice was consistent with their implicit candidate preference, but in an effort to remain egalitarian, participants compensated for this preference by automatically condemning prejudice toward the other candidate's group. Additional findings showed that this process was moderated by participants’ ethnicity and level of prejudice, as expected. Specifically, compensatory egalitarianism occurred primarily among Whites and individuals low in explicit prejudice. Implications for candidate support, aversive racism theory, and implicit compensation processes are discussed.     

亲密关系中的客体化研究

客体化理论提出,女性在成长过程中经历了被他人凝视、在人际交往中被强调外表的重要,以及媒体信息对女性性吸引力的突出等信息,这些直接或者间接的因素导致了部分女性接受以“第三者”的观察视角来看待自己,看重自身的生理功能而忽视了个人能力。当这种性客体化内化之后,其结果就是自我客体化。自我客体化会造成如抑郁、焦虑、身体羞耻感等情绪问题; 进食障碍以及与性行为相关的行为障碍。最新的研究在此基础上对研究对象以及研究范围进行了扩展:在研究对象上,从女性群体扩展到男性群体,从异性恋群体扩展到同性恋群体; 在研究范围上,从性客体化扩展到去人性的工具客体化。未来的研究需要从文化差异、性别趋同和配对研究三个方向进一步探讨亲密关系中的客体化形成的内在机制及其影响因素。     

“I WANTED ONE THING AND GOD WANTED ANOTHER . . . ”: The Dilemma of the Prophetic Example and the Qur'anic Injunction on Wife‐Beating

Chapter 4, verse 34 of the Qur'an permits husbands to physically discipline recalcitrant wives. Modern Muslims who find this husbandly privilege discomfiting often rely on Muhammad's prophetic practice to mitigate the meaning of this verse. In light of Muhammad's example of never hitting his own wives, as found in one prophetic report, they reinterpret the verse as restricting and/or voiding a husband's right to physically discipline his wife. This essay provides a critical and expository survey of prophetic reports related to the husbandly privilege to physically discipline wives. The essay argues that the modernists are correct in positing that Muhammad's prophetic practice was to morally censure husbands who hit their wives. However, taken as a whole, it is impossible to ignore that Muhammad's example also unilaterally upheld physical discipline as a husband's marital right.     

心理学本土化的后现代反思

心理学本土化目前在我国的发展面临很多困惑,究其原因,主要在于现代心理学的科学主义倾向明显,导致很多研究者在对心理学学科性质、研究方法、研究对象等根本问题上存在严重的认识偏颇。要解决心理学本土化过程中的困惑,需要重新对心理学的学科性质、研究方法、研究对象等基本问题进行反思。后现代主义心理学在一定程度上能够给予本土心理学研究者以思考,帮助其重拾学术自信,促进研究者在未来的心理学本土化研究中更好的开展相关的工作,进而产生更多的学术创新。     

大学生学校心理环境问卷的编制

目的:探索大学生学校心理环境的结构并进行问卷编制。方法:通过文献分析、现状分析和专家讨论形成问卷初始结构。在两次试测后,以262名大学生为正式样本进行因素分析、信效度分析和多元概化理论分析。结果:大学生学校心理环境结构包括:师生关系、同学关系、集体活动、专业发展、资源和制度与秩序六个因素。问卷的验证性因素分析结果表明,六因素模型和二阶因子模型拟合度均良好。结论:大学生学校心理环境问卷具有良好的信效度指标,可以作为大学生学校心理环境的测量工具。     

". . . On the Basis of Velocity Clues Alone": Some Perceptual Themes 1946-1996

Three factors that have transformed perceptual research in the last fifty years are the digital computer, single-unit electrophysiology, and molecular biology. Amongst the developments in which members of the Experimental Psychology Society have been central are: the recognition of the role of optic flow in spatial vision; the demonstration that our perceptual systems contain parallel pathways extracting different information from the sensory array; the identification of specific detectors that can be selectively adapted in psychophysical experiments; and the transfer of the concepts of fourier analysis from audition to vision. The history of Opponent Process Theory offers an example where experimental psychologists have been misled by too simple an interpretation of physiological recordings.     

Parent coaching at 6 and 10 months improves language outcomes at 14 months: A randomized controlled trial

Previous studies reveal an association between particular features of parental language input and advances in children's language learning. However, it is not known whether parent coaching aimed to enhance specific input components would (a) successfully increase these components in parents' language input and (b) result in concurrent increases in children's language development. The present randomized controlled trial assigned families of typically developing 6‐month‐old infants to Intervention (parent coaching) and Control (no coaching) groups. Families were equivalent on socioeconomic status, infants' gender, and infants' age. Parent coaching took place when infants were 6 and 10 months of age, and included quantitative and qualitative linguistic feedback on the amount of child‐directed speech, back‐and‐forth interactions, and parentese speech style. These variables were derived from each family's first‐person LENA recordings at home. Input variables and infant language were measured at 6, 10, and 14 months. Parent coaching significantly enhanced language input as measured by two social interaction variables: percentage of speech directed to the child and percentage of parentese speech. These two variables were correlated, and were both related to growth in infant babbling between 6 and 14 months. Intervention infants showed greater growth in babbling than Control infants. Furthermore, at 14 months, Intervention infants produced significantly more words than Control infants, as indicated by LENA recordings and parent report via the MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory. Together, these results indicate that parent coaching can enrich specific aspects of parental language input, and can immediately and positively impact child language outcomes. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/7wqR28gPiwo     

依恋类型对主动遗忘的影响

成人依恋可以在依恋回避和依恋焦虑两个维度进行分析。不安全依恋的个体在依恋关系中持续感受到一种不安全感,因此个体往往采用心理防御策略来摆脱这种不安全感。对于许多不愉快的事件,个体常常也会采用类似的防御策略进行抑制,以减少自身的消极体验。主动遗忘是指个体有意识地避免回想某一目标对象而导致的遗忘现象,其可能与高回避个体的停用策略十分相似。为探讨对于依恋相关的记忆内容,高回避个体是否能够成功进行主动遗忘以规避负面情绪,或是防御失败引起依恋系统激活,反而更多回忆起相关记忆内容,本实验采用Think/No-Think(TNT)范式进行研究,以依恋相关故事作为对被试的依恋启动操作,设计了2(启动:依恋启动vs.依恋未启动)×3(主动遗忘:Think vs.No-Think vs.Baseline)×2(依恋维度得分:高vs低)混合设计研究不同依恋类型主动遗忘能力的影响。实验结果显示,TNT操作与回避类型与启动操作的交互作用显著,高依恋回避个体在受到依恋相关启动时表现出优秀的主动遗忘能力,而在未受到启动时则不能有效地遗忘依恋相关负性词对; 而低依恋回避个体则表现相反,在受到启动材料威胁时无法成功主动遗忘,而在未受启动条件下可以成功遗忘要求内容。对于不同焦虑类型的被试来说,其主动遗忘能力与启动操作无关,高焦虑类型被试表现出更强的主动遗忘能力,并从依恋内部工作模型角度进行了分析。     

Rediscovering H. H. Farmer

Books reviewed in this article:
H. H. Farmer, C. H. Partridge (ed.), Reconciliation and Religion: Some Aspects of the Uniqueness of Christianity as a Reconciling Faith
C. H. Partridge, H. H. Farmer's Theological Interpretation of Religion: Towards a Personalist Theology of Religions     

激进生成论及其反表征主义革命

生成论是当代具身认知科学中的一个新取向。它反对传统认知科学中的表征主义观点,主张心智并非认识者对环境信息的表征和加工,而是行动的制造者,是特定身体构造和身体能力的行动者与环境的互动与耦合过程。激进生成论认为自创生的生成论和感觉运动的生成论在反对表征主义方面过于“温和”。因此,它主张“激进化”生成论,强调基本心智就是一种反应形式,不包含任何内容性心理表征。因此,它要掀起一场反表征主义“革命”。这一激进主张受到来自左右两方面的批评。     

关系流动性、拒绝敏感性与主观幸福感的关系

为了从社会生态学的视角探讨预测主观幸福感的相关因素、考察拒绝敏感性在其中的中介作用、揭示高关系流动的社会环境对心理健康可能的积极作用,以生活满意度和心理幸福感等为测量工具,对成人进行了研究。研究结果显示:关系流动性可显著正向预测主观幸福感; 拒绝敏感性在关系流动性与主观幸福感之间起中介作用。研究结果表明,高关系流动性能预测个体的低拒绝敏感性,进而预测更高的主观幸福感。