论伊斯兰的知识维度与学科分类

与伊斯兰世界观所理解的存在的层级性相联,伊斯兰知识论也是层级性的,可以划分为三个垂直的知识维度:述知、理知、灵知。每一类知识的性质、内容和获取的途径都有所不同。与知识的层级性向对应,伊斯兰诸传统学科围绕不同的知识维度展开,具有丰富的层次性和互补性。     

中道是伊斯兰文化精神的重要体现北大核心CSSCI

近年来在提倡伊斯兰教正信、抵制极端思想的背景下,我国教界和学界就如何正确理解和大力弘扬中道思想问题进行了广泛、热烈的讨论,发表了一系列见仁见智的文章和论著,深化了对这一论题的理解和认识。本文拟从宗教文化视角,就中道思想在伊斯兰文化、伊斯兰文明中的重要地位、作用和影响谈一点自己的认识和感悟。     

伊斯兰教对当代伊斯兰国家外交政策的影响

伊斯兰教是世界三大宗教之一。通常认为,以穆斯林人口为居民主体的国家或历史上受伊斯兰教影响较深的国家即为伊斯兰国家。本文从伊斯兰教与国家政权之间的紧密联系、泛伊斯兰主义与原教旨主义的双重影响以及激进宗教组织的现实干预等三个方面切入,深入分析了伊斯兰教对当代伊斯兰国家外交政策的深远影响。     

伊斯兰教前定的内涵与信仰前定CSSCISSCI

第一种是为宇宙众生所定,它被书于受天使保护的仙牌中,真主早已定夺了万事万物,直至末日降临。恰如圣训所述：“真主首先创造了神笔,并对它说：‘你写吧!’它说：‘我写什么呢？真主说：‘你写每件事物的定数,直至末日降临。’”     

把终身献给伊斯兰教事业的人

把终身献给伊斯兰教事业的人马人斌松亭老师离开我们快四年了，但他的音容笑貌不时浮现在我的脑际，引起无尽的思念。他的高风亮节，崇高品德以及对伊斯兰事业百折不挠，不断进取的精神将彪炳史册，永值纪念。老师青少年时代受业于先哲王浩然大师门下，受浩然阿訇新思想的...     

伊斯兰教的普善精神北大核心CSSCISSCI

众所周知,但凡宗教文化,皆以仁慈博爱为宗旨,如佛家讲“慈悲”,儒家讲“仁爱”,基督教讲“博爱”。但在不少人眼里,似乎惟有伊斯兰教鲜讲仁爱,却讲“圣战”,穆斯林崇尚武力,缺乏爱心,     

真主与代治:一个伊斯兰教团体的生态实践与信仰表述

伊斯兰教认为,维护自然环境的生态实践不仅反映了穆斯林“认主独一”世界观的信仰过程,而且呈现了人类作为真主代治者的社会善功价值.本文通过呈现中国伊斯兰教三大教派之一的西道堂的生态实践,试图阐释在伊斯兰教信仰体系中真主、人、社区和自然之间复杂、多重的互惠关系.本文认为,穆斯林的生态实践不仅基于对真主的信仰表述,而且透过宗教仪式赋予其神圣性和文化意义,并产生实际的生态效应,展示出伊斯兰教“两世并重”的生命本质.     

伊斯兰教伦理:传统形式及其现代意义

伊斯兰教传统内并无现代意义上的伦理学,但作为世界伦理一神教之一,伊斯兰教的文化传统和社会生活中,处处充满着伦理思考和道德要求。在伊斯兰教内,信仰与善行的一致,也是宗教与道德的结合,这是伊斯兰伦理的实质。其核心是社会正义和扬善惩恶的现世诉求。伊斯兰教伦理的主体体现,是在《古兰经》和圣训的基础上所形成的教义学、教法学、哲学和苏菲主义中,而基础是教法学。直到当代,伊斯兰教伦理的发展主体仍然显示在这一传统框架内。     

爱国爱教是伊斯兰教的基本精神

一、爱国爱教是伊斯兰教的基本精神中正和平、宽容和谐、敬主顺圣、爱国爱教是伊斯兰教的基本精神。长期以来,中国穆斯林在践行伊斯兰教和平理念的历史进程中,有过艰难而可贵的理论探索和丰富的实践活动,他们始终秉承和恪守爱国     

论西方殖民主义对非洲伊斯兰教的影响

伊斯兰教自7世纪由阿拉伯人传入非洲后,经过几个世纪以征服和贸易为主要方式的传教后,在北非和黑非洲得到了广泛传播;殖民时期,伊斯兰教的传播并未因为基督教的大规模扩张而中止,相反还得到一定程度的发展.但是另一方面,西方殖民主义的进入使得穆斯林在非洲政治生活中处于“边缘化”状态,前殖民时期的政治地位和政治影响已很难保持.后殖民时期,非洲国家相继独立,伊斯兰教在非洲的传播取得了长足发展.伴随着国际格局的变化以及伊斯兰经济实力的逐步壮大,非洲穆斯林开始提出自己的主张和诉求,以谋求政治地位与社会影响.同时出现的一个新现象是伊斯兰原教旨主义在非洲应运而生,这给非洲的政治生活带来了系列影响与挑战.     

Spiritual Care: Recognizing Spiritual Needs of Older Adults

SUMMARY

This paper explores aspects of spiritual needs and assessment, while emphasizing the importance of aged care providers being spiritually self-aware. The context of this exploration is meaning in life, spirituality and quality of life as experienced by older adults. Depression and dementia are frequently seen among older adults in residential aged care with resultant lowered quality of life. Pastoral and spiritual care may be used effectively to help alleviate depression and support older people who have dementia. However, to be able to provide appropriate spiritual care, spiritual needs should be assessed. Ways of assessing spiritual needs are suggested.     

脊髓损伤者生育困难与服务需求调查

对63名18岁以上未婚或已婚未生育子女的脊髓损伤者进行问卷调查,并对其中17人进行了深入访谈,了解其生育愿望、影响因素与生育服务现状,探讨解决脊髓损伤者生育困难的方法和措施.调查发现,脊髓损伤者生育愿望普遍而迫切,受到经济水平、教育背景、生活环境、其他脊髓损伤者生育经历等多方面因素影响;同时发现社会对此问题关注不够、认识不足、服务缺失.建议从改善环境、提高认识、普及知识、专业培训、建立制度等方面对脊髓损伤者提供专业化服务,解决生育困难,保障生育权力.     

辽宁省农村不同经济水平地区居民医疗保健需要、需求与利用

对2001年对辽宁省农村医疗保健需要、需求和利用进行调查.样本选择主要根据不同地区经济水平,抽取9个县、27个乡、54个村,共调查了1084户、3 812人.分析了不同经济水平地区农村居民的患病率、医疗服务利用频率、就医流向、医疗费用支出水平及其在家庭支出中的比例、患病未利用原因及比例的差异和特征.并分析了医疗需要和利用的变化状况,调查对象对农村医疗保障形式的意愿.研究结果揭示低经济水平地区居民高需要、低需求、未就医率高、医疗费用负担重的状况.     

Ageing Health Care and the Spiritual Imperative: A View from Scotland

SUMMARY

This paper, given as a keynote presentation at the third international conference on Ageing and Spirituality 2004 in Adelaide, Australia, offers a perspective on ageing that makes central and fundamental the spiritual journey. Ageing is not confined to the old. We are all ageing all the time and whilst the imperative of ego integration (Erikson, 1986, 1982) is more pressing in old age, the march of time makes no exceptions. The paper starts with a consideration of the Scottish context and the current interest in Scotland in spirituality and health. Borrowing from the human developmental ideas of Frankl, Jung, Erikson, and Klein, the paper takes the view that we are all spiritual beings, and we are all trying to be successful, integrated reconciled and mature individuals. Ageing and spirituality is relevant to every individual. Successful ageing is fundamentally concerned with the successful self. The spiritual journey is bound up with the search for meaning. Ageing is part of the task of being human and it involves decline and loss. The spiritual journey–search for meaning–is unique to each one of us. The spiritual journey is made evident in the search for the ultimate destination of giving up self, transcending self. Remembrance and routine are methods by which the ageing and the spiritual journey can be facilitated. A successful ageing, according to this perspective, is therefore one that embraces and self-consciously embarks upon a spiritual journey. To take it further–the spiritual journey is bound up with ageing–and further still–ageing is a spiritual journey (Bianchi, 1984). The primary task of ageing is spiritual development. Spiritual development is helped by an appropriate societal context in which ageing as spiritual journey can flourish. This has implications for health and social care services.     

The Health and Social Service Needs of Transgender People in Philadelphia

SUMMARY

Two Philadelphia-based HIV service organizations and a local university collaborated on a study of health and social service needs of transgender people. Transgender people were the primary resource for the development of the needs assessment survey. In this article, the survey development process, including two discussion groups and two focus groups, are described. Findings on barriers to care, violence, perception of public safety and comfort, suicide and health and social service needs are presented. Total sample size was 81, with 49 male-to-female and 32 female-to-male transgender individuals. Most (68%) were African American. About half of the respondents had thought about attempting suicide. High levels of violence were reported, especially among male-to-females. Health and social service needs included job training/work, dental care, health care, legal services, transportation, education and housing.     

大学生精神信仰的现状研究

本研究首次关注大学生的精神信仰,通过问卷对1100名大学生调查,发现大学生精神信仰存在如下特点：社会信仰占优势,其次依次为实用信仰和超自然信仰;民族主义、生命崇拜和国家主义位居前三位,宗教信仰、金钱崇拜和神灵崇拜位居后三位。     

Spiritual Disclosure and Ego Resiliency: Validating Spiritual Competencies

Counselor spiritual and religious competency depends primarily on the ability to facilitate client spiritual disclosure. Little is known, however, about the empirical qualities of spiritual disclosure. In a sample of 318 adults (mean age = 44 years), spiritual disclosure independently predicted ego resiliency, a critical quality for stress‐related growth. Spiritual disclosure predicted ego resiliency over the partial mediators of the 5 factors of personality, general global disclosure, and congregational support. Implications for professional counseling ethics are discussed.     

中学生精神信仰及其与生活满意度的关系

运用问卷法对431名中学生的精神信仰和生活满意度进行研究,结果表明：中学生精神信仰的总体状况呈现出社会信仰最强、实用信仰次之、超自然信仰最弱的特点。在社会信仰上更注重国家民族信仰,在实用信仰上更注重家庭信仰,在超自然信仰上更注重宗教信仰;精神信仰各维度对不同领域生活满意度的预测作用各不相同。不同生活满意度水平的学生在社会信仰和实用信仰的所有构成维度上的得分均存在显著差异。     

当代伊斯兰中间主义思潮的时代背景及基本主张

伊斯兰中间主义思潮是后冷战时代阿拉伯伊斯兰世界面对外部的"伊斯兰威胁论"、"文明冲突论"和内部的各种极端主义与恐怖主义,以及全球化浪潮冲击的一种积极反映。它体现了阿拉伯伊斯兰世界人心思变的趋势,并顺应了时代发展。     

超越心理健康：精神健康的追求

区别于一般心理概念的、狭义的精神概念有三个特征:终极关怀、内发自生以及自由意志。诸如精神信仰危机、生活目标迷茫等区别于传统心理问题的精神问题已经成为现代人的顽疾。现代心理健康标准开始关注并尝试吸纳精神健康。精神健康是21世纪的健康主题,现代人不应仅仅满足于生理和心理的健康,还应寻求更高层次的精神健康。