从康德到黑格尔：罗伯特·布兰顿的语用学语言哲学

哈贝马斯在本文中系统评价了布兰顿在《清晰阐释》中所阐发的语言哲学,称之为理论哲学中的里程碑.哈贝马斯认为布兰顿在形式语用学与推理语义学之间实现了富有创新性的关联,清晰地阐明了自我理解.这里选录的两节首先在总体上描述布兰顿方法的特征,讨论了他将形式语用学和推理语义学的富有创新性的结合,其次讨论了这样一个问题:为什么我们会对我们言说的内容要求客观有效性--此问题被布兰顿视为核心问题.     

2001: A Counseling Odyssey

Futurists can be categorized as extrapolators, romantics, or systems thinkers. They make predictions about the future in response to current and impending world crises emerging from the impact that humans haue on this earth. Many of these crises have a direct bearing on the functions performed by the counselor. How does the counselor view the future? Can the counselor be classified in the same way as the futurists? In this article futurists, crises, and counseling strategies are discussed in an attempt to bring about congruence and to assist counselors to become aware of and recognize their role in shaping the future.     

Learning From History: An Interview With Robert Jay Lifton

On April 10, 2008, Rachael Peltz conducted an interview with psycho-historian, psychiatrist, and political activist Robert Jay Lifton. Dr. Lifton is best known for his creative and profound studies of both the extreme and ordinary psychological effects of the rapid, destabilizing, the sometimes catastrophic social changes of our times—including Chinese thought reform, the Nazi concentration camps, the atomic bombing of Japan, Japanese cult groups, the Vietnam War, and recently, the war in Iraq. All of these offer invaluable conceptual tools for clinicians to approach the inner effects of traumatic historical events in everyday life as well as in those who have suffered extraordinary duress. Here, Lifton discusses the positions of the American Psychological Association regarding the role of psychologists in military interrogations and detention sites. The interview also offers a strong introduction to many of his specific concepts, including “atrocity-producing situations,” “the Protean self,” “symbolic immortality,” and many others. Taken together, these offer an exemplary model to understand the interweaving of history and the psyche.     

从张民觉到爱德华兹——写在2010年诺贝尔医学奖颁奖之后

记述了体外生殖技术发展过程中的两位先驱张民觉和罗伯特·爱德华兹的科研生涯,研究他们在取得成功的过程中所展现出来的科研品质以及两位的成果之间的相互联系.从伦理学角度思考他们遭受的道德抨击,从而阐述伦理学应该给试管婴儿的研究让步而加强控制其临床应用,以达到完善试管婴儿技术的伦理控制原则.     

The mettle of moral fundamentalism: a reply to Robert Baker

This article is a reply to Robert Baker's attempt to rebut moral fundamentalism, while grounding international bioethics in a form of contractarianism. Baker is mistaken in several of his interpretations of the alleged moral fundamentalism and findings of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments. He also misunderstands moral fundamentalism generally and wrongly categorizes it as morally bankrupt. His negotiated contract model is, in the final analysis, itself a form of the moral fundamentalism he declares bankrupt.     

The Odyssey of Counseling and Images of the Future

The counseling profession has been floundering in a search for purpose and meaning. Analysis of the past and present suggests two strong images of the future.     

Psychoanalysis at the Millennium: A Personal Odyssey

A review of my development from psychology intern and research assistant to the psychoanalytic tester and theoretician David Rapaport at the Menninger Clinic in the 1940s, through my career psychological testing and my psychoanalytic training in the Western New England Institute and my working successively at the Austen Riggs Center, Yale Department of Psychiatry, Yale Student Mental Health Center, Cornell Department of Psychiatry, and eventually private practice in New York City. During this period, I rose to the academic rank of Professor and the analytic position of Training Analyst. I have written extensively: first on testing, then more or less in turn on psychoanalytic ego psychology, action language for psychoanalysis, feminist issues, narrative in psychoanalysis, and the contemporary Kleinians of London. This memoir traces the intellectual continuity that characterizes these writings and my continuing development as a psychoanalyst—my first ambition and great love.     

Spirituality: The Key to Recovery From Alcoholism

The authors suggest that a condition of “negative spirituality” underlies and sustains alcoholism, and perhaps all addictions, and that a secure recovery is not possible unless a “spiritual awakening,” such as is envisioned by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), is achieved. A broadly applicable conceptual model of spirituality is inferred from the AA 12-step rehabilitation program.     

The Ehrenfest Fleas: From Model to Theory

A generalization of Ehrenfest's urn model is suggested. This will allow usto treat a wide class of stochastic processes describing the changes ofmicroscopic objects. These processes are homogeneous Markov chains. Thegeneralization proposed is presented as an abstract conditional (relative)probability theory. The probability axioms of such a theory and some simpleadditional conditions, yield both transition probabilities and equilibriumdistributions. The resulting theory interpreted in terms of particles andsingle-particle states, leads to the usual formulae of quantum and classicalstatistical mechanics; in terms of chromosomes and allelic types, it allowsthe deduction of many genetical models including the Ewens sampling formula;in terms of agents' strategies, it gives a justification of the ``herdbehaviour' typical of a population of heterogeneous economic agents.