共查询到15条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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心理账户:理论与应用启示 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
“心理账户”是人们在心理上对结果(尤其是经济结果)的编码、分类和估价的过程,它揭示了人们在进行(资金)财富决策时的心理认知过程。心理账户的理论成果主要集中在“非替代性”的本质特征以及特殊的心理运算规则,心理账户在各个应用领域的研究成果主要包括:价格感知;行为资产组合理论;行为生命周期理论以及消费预算的研究。未来将在多元化研究方法的基础上,开展跨文化研究,对心理账户的内在心理机制和认知规律深入探讨 相似文献
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心理因素如何影响风险决策中的价值运算?——兼谈Kahneman的贡献 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
风险决策是一个复杂的心理过程,由于心理因素的加入,其中的价值运算有不同于经济学与数学的运算规则。价值的心理学界定可以总结为三方面:效用、值函数、心理帐户,三种界定遵循着不同的心理学规律。Kahneman提出的值函数概念具有承先启后,集其大成的作用,它破除了理性神话,显示了价值运算对认知加工的依赖。 相似文献
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心理账户是普遍存在于个体心理中的一套或者多套记账体系。这种体系往往是以非预期的形式存在,并对个体的行为决策产生潜在的影响。由于心理账户的存在,使得个体在行为决策时往往无意识地偏离正常的价值判断或者计算法则,从而做出非理性的决策。心理账户的非替代性作用机制可以解释儿童心理理论、价值判断、情感决策以及自我控制等认知能力的发展。 相似文献
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中国人心理账户的内隐结构 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
“心理账户”是个人、家庭或企业集团在心理上对结果(尤其是经济结果)的记录、编码、分类和估价的心理过程,它揭示了人们进行资金(财富)决策时的内在认知编码。研究对全国9个省市1268名有效被试进行问卷调查,经过探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析以及二阶因子验证发现:中国人的心理账户系统有一个相对稳定的“3-4-2”分类结构。即收入账户有“工作相关的常规收入”、“非常规的额外收入”和“经营收入”三个账户;开支账户有“生活必需开支”、“家庭建设与个人发展开支”、“情感维系开支”和“享乐休闲开支”四个账户;存储账户有“安全型保障账户”和“风险型存储账户”两个账户。心理账户的分类研究对探究人们的经济决策行为有重要意义 相似文献
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小学生代数运算规则的样例学习 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用完整或不完整样例,对180名六年级小学生用样例学习两种代数运算规则进行了实验研究。结果显示:多数被试难以学会“平方差”运算规则,只有少数被试学会了“完全平方和”运算规则;反馈对不完整样例的学习效果有促进作用;用不完整样例学习难度不同的规则,其效果不同;在无反馈条件下,完整样例的学习效果都好于不完整样例;在有反馈的情况下,只有删除一步运算步骤样例的学习效果比完整样例的学习效果好 相似文献
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Richard H. Thaler 《决策行为杂志》1999,12(3):183-206
Mental accounting is the set of cognitive operations used by individuals and households to organize, evaluate, and keep track of financial activities. Making use of research on this topic over the past decade, this paper summarizes the current state of our knowledge about how people engage in mental accounting activities. Three components of mental accounting receive the most attention. This first captures how outcomes are perceived and experienced, and how decisions are made and subsequently evaluated. The accounting system provides the inputs to be both ex ante and ex post cost–benefit analyses. A second component of mental accounting involves the assignment of activities to specific accounts. Both the sources and uses of funds are labeled in real as well as in mental accounting systems. Expenditures are grouped into categories (housing, food, etc.) and spending is sometimes constrained by implicit or explicit budgets. The third component of mental accounting concerns the frequency with which accounts are evaluated and ‘choice bracketing’. Accounts can be balanced daily, weekly, yearly, and so on, and can be defined narrowly or broadly. Each of the components of mental accounting violates the economic principle of fungibility. As a result, mental accounting influences choice, that is, it matters. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Henry Clarke 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2018,96(2):351-366
This paper proposes a novel conception of mental files, aimed at addressing Frege puzzles. Classical Frege puzzles involve ignorance and discovery of identity. These may be addressed by accounting for a more basic way for identity to figure in thought—the treatment of beliefs by the believer as being about the same thing. This manifests itself in rational inferences that presuppose the identity of what the beliefs are about. Mental files help to provide a functional characterization of a mind capable of this presupposition, but more must be said to show how it may be rational. I argue that this can be done by drawing out the way in which mental files interact with a thinker's motivational states and so come to have normative functional properties. I show how this theory works better than some other treatments of mental files. 相似文献
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