Le travail coopératif d’équipes de projet d’ingénierie à l’épreuve de l’activité en réunion médiatisée et multi-localisée

Performing in worldwide competition compels companies to be innovative and this unyielding global pressure sparks engineering team projects on a far-reaching scale. The synergy of heterogeneous and dispersed skills supposes to overcome the geographical distance between teammates using sophisticated socio-technical devices. Based upon four grounds of empirical research, this article will examine the function of this media coverage technology with a comprehensive sight of phenomena underlying remote interactions between teammates. Face to the reality of their cooperative activity, experiencing multi-localized virtual meetings with synchronous co-presence, are considered the experience, the resources and the constraints introduced by these terms and working conditions.     

Développement et validation en langue française de l’Échelle de Mesure de l’Efficacité AutoRégulatrice des Affects en Sport (EARAS)

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the affective self-regulatory efficacy scale (EARAS) in a French sample. The instrument was developed from an adaptation to the sport context of a scale measuring this construct in everyday life (Bandura et al., 1996, 2001, 2003). A series of four complementary studies was carried out with a total sample of 669 students to: (a) develop a preliminary version of EARAS (study 1), (b) confirm the factorial structure of the instrument and examine its invariance (study 2), (c) evaluate the stability of the instrument (study 3), and (d) examine the construct validity of the scale (study 4). The bifactor model of affective self-regulatory efficacy provided the best fit. The EARAS presents satisfactory psychometric properties and constitutes a reliable and valid instrument for developing future research on the role of affective self-regulatory efficacy with in the sports activities of French people.     

Développement et validation de l’Inventaire francophone de l’Épuisement Professionnel (IFEP)

IntroductionThe prevention of burnout is a major issue for companies. However, they do not always have access to tools adapted to the implementation of prevention policies.ObjectiveThis study is part of a project to create a questionnaire adapted to employees’ needs in the field of burnout measurement.MethodThe survey was distributed online to French-speakers workers (N = 680).ResultsThe results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated two dimensions (exhaustion and interpersonal stress) with high internal consistency. This factorial structure was confirmed for men and women as well as for French and Belgian workers by means of measurement invariance analyses. Criterion validity was verified regarding the relationships between the scores on the IFEP dimensions and those obtained with the MBI-GS, the measure of the intent to quit, the subjective health scale and the number of days of sick.ConclusionThe overall results of the analyses performed in this study show satisfactory psychometric qualities of the French Burnout Inventory (IFEP), a new measure of burnout that can be used in many French-speakers work contexts.     

Psychologie positive et modèle de l’adaptation hédonique

Empirical and anecdotal evidence for hedonic adaptation suggests that the joys of loves and triumphs and the sorrows of losses and humiliations fade with time. Notably, adaptation to positive experiences in particular has been identified as one of the primary obstacles to maintaining well-being. In this article, we first review evidence of hedonic adaptation to both negative and positive life changes and then discuss how these adaptation processes can serve as obstacles to sustained happiness. Finally, we propose the Hedonic Adaptation to Positive and Negative Experiences (HAPNE) model, which describes the processes and mechanisms underlying hedonic adaptation, and propose several ways through which people can slow down adaptation in response to positive experiences or speed it up in response to negative experiences.     

Justice distributive et critères de distributions financières : entre performance,allégeance et besoin des salariés

We examine the respective importance given to the five criteria of financial distributions: performance (individual and team work), individual needs, degree of allegiance/rebellion to hierarchical orders and the reason for this allegiance/rebellion (legalism vs opportunism). In total, 1315 participants were confronted with a specific case in which they had to advise a manager on the distribution of bonus among his employees. These employees were characterized by their respective individual performance, the performance of their team, one of the employees being also defined as being (or not) in financial need and to use to obey (or not) hierarchical orders. It is observed that the best performing employees are more rewarded, but each of the other criteria also have influence, both separately and with interactions.     

Une approche de l’évolution des relations entre conseil (en orientation,en insertion, à l’emploi) et sélection professionnelle

An approach to the evolution of the relations between school and career counselling activities and those of personnel selection during the 20th century in France leads to distinguish between three periods. During the first one, these activities (organised around the notion of aptitudes) were close. The second period was marked by the birth of procedures for selecting and distributing the students within the school organisation: vocational counselling activities grew apart from those in the domains of employment counselling and selection. In the last period (characterized by a high unemployment rate and a growth of very flexible forms of work and employment) these different activities – organised around the notion of competence – came closer. In short, these activities appear to find their meaning only through their reciprocal links, in connection with the kind of work and school organizations where they take place.     

Incidences de la (ré)organisation du (télé)travail en temps de crise du point de vue de l’encadrement intermédiaire

IntroductionThe Covid-19 pandemic disrupted the organization of work and represented a turning point in the deployment of mediated and remote work. Wherever the continuation of the activity was possible at a distance, telework was imposed. Nevertheless, it is exercised in new conditions and the organization of work modalities is defined according to the evolution of the situation and governmental health measures.ObjectiveIn this context, the objective of this study is to understand what are, from the point of view of middle managers, the impacts of telework in confinement and then during the progressive re-establishment of the activity on site, on the one hand, on the work, its organization and its conditions of realization and, on the other hand, on the work collectives, the relationship to work and the quality of life of the employees.MethodIn this perspective, we carried out an exploratory and comprehensive study through semi-structured interviews with 17 directors of service in a French public organization.ResultsThe lexical and morphosyntactic analysis performed shows that the modalities of work organization/reorganization at different moments of the crisis, their impact on work activity, the psychosocial experience of telework within the services and the managerial practices deployed (3 classes) could constitute opportunities but also generate risks.ConclusionThe results of this study allow us to identify the benefits but also the potentially deleterious effects of the use of telework in times of crisis and provide elements for consideration in its post-pandemic deployment.     

Une intervention brève auprès de parents adoptants centrée sur la sensibilité parentale : effets sur le sentiment de compétence parentale et l’attachement de l’enfant

Adopted children seem to imply specific challenge for themselves and their adoptive parents regarding the recovery of their attachment representations. Based on the hypothesis relating parental sensitivity of adopting parents and children's attachment representations, this study aims to create an intervention based on parental sensitivity for adoptive French-speaking families. Nine adoptive families took par to this study whose children are between 2 and 11 years old. In this exploratory research, the recovery of the children's attachment representations and the moderation of parental self-efficacy were assessed. Our results highlighted the relevance of this intervention.     

Impact de la motivation autodéterminée et de l’engagement affectif sur l’intention de rester : une étude chez les militaires

Conducted within the Canadian Forces (N=652), this study explores the role of self-determined motivation and affective commitment in relation to personnel retention within the military. Three groupings of variables are used in order to shed light on the mechanisms underlying personnel retention: a) distal antecedents (i.e. leadership styles), b) proximal antecedents (i.e. group cohesion and work climate) and c) mediators (i.e. self-determined motivation and affective commitment). Illustrated through a structural model, results demonstrate the existence of a partial mediator effect from affective commitment in the relationship between self-determined motivation and intention to stay. These findings are discussed in regards of their implications from theoretical and practical perspectives.     

De la question de l’évaluation psychologique et de la psychométrie en douleur chronique

The practice of psychological assessment is an important step in the evaluation of the complex problems presented by patients dealing with chronic pain. We want to discuss here the framework of intervention of the psychologist in the context, but also shed light on the contributions of this practice to the pain clinic. This will include discussing a joint assessment, combining a psychological assessment referred to as classic with a psychological evaluation specific pain.     

Impact du mode d’organisation de la tâche en résolution de problèmes sur la réussite et l’apprentissage. Résolution de problèmes et apprentissage

This research studies the impact of the instructional design in problems solving. Across several studies, Sweller, 1988, Sweller, 2003, Sweller, 2004 develop the Cognitive Load Theory. In this theory, the interrelationships between instructional variable, problem solving and learning are supported. But, these researches are concentrated on the aspect of problem itself. Others studies, in instructional design, wonder about the organization of a complete task (Paas et al., 2003). It seems of these researches that the mode of organization of a task influences the success of the task and more widely the quality of the knowledge, which can be elaborated during the realization of this task. The objective of our work is to bring to light all the importance of the design in a task with several problems. For that purpose, we compared a design based on a hierarchical organization of the difficulty of the problems (from the easiest to the most difficult) and a random presentation of the same problems. We present here three experiments using logical problems stemming from the minesweeper game. The results of the first experiment suggest that an organized mode of presentation compensates for the increase of the difficulty and facilitates a better success of the problems. The second experiment uses the same protocol, as the first one to which are added new problems as well as one paradigm of double task. The results show that the orderly mode of presentation also facilitates the elaboration of transferable knowledge with new problems. However, the distances from performances do not seem to be attributable in the cognitive load of the task. The third experiment brings more qualitative data, which come to support the first results. The verbalization of rules elaborated during the signing shows prevalence of the organized design. The subjective evaluation of the supplied mental effort confirms the insensitivity of the cognitive load in the mode of presentation of the task. So, the impact of the mode of presentation does not seem to ensue from a too important cognitive load during a random presentation but a lot of interest of an organized design.