Enhancing Initial Parental Engagement in Interventions for Parents of Young Children: A Systematic Review of Experimental Studies

Low rates of participation in parenting interventions may undermine their effectiveness. Although a wide range of strategies to engage parents in interventions are described in the literature, little is known about which engagement strategies are most effective in enhancing parental engagement. This systematic review explores effective engagement strategies to encourage initial parental engagement (recruitment, enrolment, and first attendance) in parenting interventions for parents of children aged 2–8 years old. This review was conducted based on the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins and Green 2011) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Moher et al. 2009). Electronic systematic searches from January 1996 to August 2017 were conducted in PsycINFO, Scopus, ProQuest Social Sciences Journals, CINAHL, and PubMed databases. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria representing 1952 parents from four different countries. Of the engagement strategies tested in included studies (monetary incentive, setting, testimonial, advertisement, and engagement package), three strategies (advertisement, incentive, and engagement package) showed a significant effect on a stage of engagement, but none across stages. The low methodological quality of the selected studies limits their generalisability and thus provides limited evidence regarding effective engagement strategies to increase recruitment, enrolment, and first attendance rates in parenting interventions. There is a need for further, more methodologically rigorous, research evidence regarding how to engage parents more effectively in the early stages of parenting interventions.     

A New Defence of the Modal Existence Requirement

In this paper, I defend the claim that an object can have a property only if it exists from two arguments, both of which turn on how to understand Plantinga’s notion of the α-transform of a property. For comments and discussion, thanks to David Sanson and three anonymous referees. For funding in the form of a Standard Research Grant (410-2004-0702), thanks to the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC).     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information∥, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information∥, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information∥, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information∥, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information∥, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information∥, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information∥, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information∥, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information∥, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A guide to the literature on aggressive behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

The Four Horsemen of New Atheism: A Select Bibliography

Between 2004 and 2007, four authors – Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris, and Christopher Hitchens – published books critical of religion and promoting atheism. What set these works apart was that they were all published by major publishers and received critical acclaim. Three of the books would even go on to make the New York Times Best Seller list. Together, the four authors became know as the Four Horsemen of New Atheism. This article presents a brief overview of New Atheism and The Four Horsemen of New Atheism, author biographies, and reviews of the Four Horsemen’s works from 2004–2007, which, collectively, outline the core ideas of the New Atheists.     

Count data in psychological applied research

As some authors have noticed in fields other than psychology, level of measurement and distributional characteristics of count data are commonly not taken into account, so that they are analysed as normally distributed continuous variables, and therefore some general linear model is applied. In this work, we review a random sample of 457 articles published in the last four years in journals with the highest impact factor in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR Social Sciences Edition) of the Institute for Scientific Information. The goals are to know how often count variables appear in psychological applied research and which data analyses are used when dealing with count response variables. Examination showed that there is a notable presence of count variables, especially in some topics in psychology and a remarkable misapplication of the general linear model. One deals with causes and consequences of this approach to data analysis and suggests the use of specific models to analyse count data.