马王堆汉墓帛书《周易》之《要》篇研究

马王堆汉墓帛书《周易》之《要》篇研究（日）池田知久著牛建科译（一）本论文发表以前的研究状况本论文是关于马王堆汉墓帛书《周易》《要》篇的初步研究。众所周知，１９７３年１２月，从中国湖南省长沙市的马王堆第三号汉墓出土了大量的帛书、竹简和木简。马王堆汉墓帛...     

马王堆汉墓帛书《周易》之《要》篇释文(上)

马王堆汉墓帛书《周易》之《要》篇释文（上）（日）池田知久著牛建科译凡例（１）本释文是马王堆汉墓帛书《周易》之《要》篇全文的释文，由《要》篇的“经文”“训读”和“注”构成。所用底本是笔者借到的“马王堆汉墓《周易》帛书”的影印件。使用的文字，虽将影印件...     

从帛《易》“子曰”看孔子晚年的哲学思想

1973年,湖南长沙马王堆汉墓《帛书周易》出土,给《易传》思想的研究带来了新的活力。帛书《周易》包括帛书《易经》、帛书《易系辞》、帛书《易传》性书。帛书《易传》佚书又包括《要》、《二三子问》、《易之义》、《缪和》、《昭力》等著作。这些新出土的帛书《易系辞》、帛书《易传》佚书,其中引用了不少孔子的言论,这些言论有的冠以“孔子曰”,有的冠以“子曰”。（其中《缪和》《昭力》两篇的“子曰”,指谁的言论,需另作研究。）如果把孔子这些言论和通行本《易传》、《礼记》、《大戴礼记》、《孔子家语》、《孔子集语》等著作…     

干宝的《周易》古史观

《周易》研究史上有古史证经一派．四库馆臣以为起自宋代。其实晋代的干宝已经系统地以商末周初的史实释《易》。干宝以古史注《易》。其思想渊源和学术渊源因为马王堆帛书《要》的发现和释读而变得十分清晰。孔子开创了儒门易传统,干宝正是承习儒门易余绪,转而在易学研究史上开创了古史注《易》的全新一派。本文还就干宝的圣人古史观和周初兴盛论探讨了干宝的《周易》古史观。     

“色”与“礼”的关系——《孔子诗论》、马王堆帛书《五行》、《孟子·告子下》之比较

《孔子诗论》、马王堆帛书《五行》、《孟子.告子下》均有关于“色”和“礼”的论述。《孔子诗论》、马王堆帛书《五行》两者相同,有讨论“色”(情、欲)和“礼”(外在规范)关系的问题意识,也有“礼”来自于情欲,是对情欲之调节或引导的表述,《孟子.告子下》则不讨论这些问题。对情欲和礼之关系的认识,《孔子诗论》、马王堆帛书《五行》的思想倾向更接近《荀子》。用诗来改变人的情性之观念,《孔子诗论》和《毛诗序》一脉相承。     

帛书《系辞》释文再补

1992年5月出版的《马王堆汉墓文物》一书,发表了帛书《系辞》的照片及其陈松长先生的释文。针对释文的一些问题,我撰写了《帛书<系辞>释文校补》一文,参加了1992年8月底在长沙举行的“马王堆汉墓国际学术讨论会”。后来,又读到《周易研究》1992年第4期上刊布的黄沛荣先生的大作《马王堆帛书<系辞传>校读》及其所附释文。黄先生的释文较陈先生之作,有许多进步,可谓“后出转精”。但细察照片,觉得仍还存在许多尚待改正     

论帛书《系辞》的学派性质

在道家主干论的支配下,王葆玹和陈鼓应先生先后就长沙马王堆三号汉墓出土的帛书《系辞》,发表了新颖的意见。验之帛书《系辞》和帛书《易传》诸篇的内容,笔者认为他们夸大了帛书《系辞》同今本《系辞》的差异,颠倒了两者之间的关系。帛书《系辞》是儒家而决非道家的传本。下面,试从帛书《系辞》的祖本、帛书《易传》诸篇的内容、帛书《系辞》的思想构架、周秦至汉初易学的源流四个方面进行论证。     

马王堆汉墓帛书《易经》与邵雍先天易学

写完《邵雍之宇宙图式》后,复睹《文物》杂志关于马王堆汉墓帛书座谈会纪录。觉得其中关于易卦之排列顺序及方法,与邵雍先天图之排列,有惊人之相似。特为提出,以供海内外学术界研讨焉。 张政烺先生在马王堆汉墓帛书座谈会上发言说:“帛书本二十四卦顺序和今本大不一样。它把八卦按照阴阳,排成乾、艮、坎、震、坤、兑、离、巽,以次把它们作为上卦。”“每个卦下再按乾、坤、     

据战国楚简释马王堆帛书《式法》中的两个字

马王堆帛书《式法》中夹杂着大量楚文字成分,考释难度较大,文字释读一直是研究的重点之一。《式法》中的"晦"、"民"二字,研究者误释作"(黑白)"和"耳",遂致二字所在前后帛文无法读通。根据《式法》抄本杂糅秦楚文字的书写特点,通过对比战国楚简和秦至汉初简帛文字中的相关字形发现,"(黑白)"、"耳"二字实当改释作"晦"和"民"。二字所在帛文"晦不可以北徙"、"民痺病嚣死"可以分别在同批帛书《阴阳五行乙篇》和孔家坡汉简《日书》中找到相似的记载。     

论传本《说卦传》部分章节之间的联系

因传本《说卦传》之前三章见于马王堆帛书《衷》篇,故一些学者或据此认为《说卦传》原本无前三章,或认为《说卦传》形成于帛书《易传》之后.其实,传本《说卦传》中这三章文字的内容与以下八章的内容是不可分割的,其间存在逻辑上的联系.而且,从传本《说卦传》这三章与见于帛书《易传》的这三章文字的异文来看,传本《说卦传》的文字来源应早于帛书《易传》.从帛书《衷》篇的行文来看,其中见于传本《说卦传》和《系辞传》的文字应是《衷》篇对《说卦传》和《系辞传》的引用.     

再读帛书《缪和》篇

本文立足于探究汉初今文《易》义的理论视野,对帛书《缪和》篇的部分章节作了疏释,一方面结合传世文献对《缪和》中包含的西汉今文《易》义作了阐发,另一方面对篇中疑难辞句也进行了较为详细的考证训释。     

帛书《昭力》易学观初探

帛书《易传》中的《昭力》篇虽然字效较少,但其结构完备,内涵清晰,属于帛书《易传》中十分具有特色的一篇释文。然而由于其篇末的字数标记,许多学者认为《昭力》与《缪和》属于一篇文章。亦有的学者认为《昭力》中论及“卿大夫”与“国君”,乃以《易》论政,属于政治论的范畴,不属于解《易》范畴。笔者通过研究《昭力》对卦爻辞的解读,认为《昭力》恰恰是一篇独立成章的解《易》文章,而且其所体现的是与帛书《易传》其他篇章不尽相同的解《易》理念,其“六经注我”的解释学理念也是我国典籍中出现较早的。《昭力》篇的研读对于我们认识孔子的政治论点与易学观念都有着十分积极的意义。     

帛书《周易》以史解经刍议

1973年长沙马王堆出土的帛书《周易》中的《缪和》篇中,有六则以历史故事解说《易经》卦爻辞的例子。本文分析这六则历史故事用以解经的符合程度,以证明用历史故事解经并不始于南宋的杨万里等人,而四库馆臣所谓"一变而胡瑗、程子,始阐明儒理;再变而李光、杨万里,又参证史事,《易》遂日启其论端",并非历史事实。     

《淮南子·缪称训》所见子思《累德篇》考

《淮南子·缪称训》除首尾两段为编者所加前言后语外 ,其他悉为子思书佚文。而种种迹象表明 ,这篇佚文正是《后汉书》李贤注所提到的《累德篇》。该佚篇与子思的其他著作血肉相连 ,与郭店简中子思弟子遗著也存在着极为密切的关系。     

Between the confusion of tongues and the gift of tongues Or working as a psychoanalyst in a foreign language1

The author worked as a psychoanalyst for 5 years in Germany. In this paper, he attempts to answer the question ‘How was it possible that, in spite of his imperfect knowledge of German, notwithstanding a deepening understanding of the language during his residence in the country, he was able to successfully treat so many patients?’ He starts by putting forward some distinctions between the activity of interpretation as translation of the unconscious with the patient in session and the activity of translation of texts. After a brief exegetic review of the myths of Babel and Pentecost, he suggests that the analyst working in a foreign language moves between ‘the confusion of tongues’ and the ‘gift of tongues’, that is, between Babel and Pentecost. He presents some vignettes to illustrate typical situations he encountered in his practice. Finally, he draws some conclusions from this experience of psychoanalytic polyglotism, mainly on the basis of the communicative function that modern infant research assigns to affect attunement and verbal language.     

Un jury sous influence : l’impact des affects, du type d’expertise et des circonstances aggravantes sur l’activité décisionnelle des jurés

We investigated the effects of three variables on jurors' verdict and sentence concerning a motorist responsible for the accidental death a man. Specifically, we assessed the effects of some aggravating circumstances, and those of two extra legal variables, namely, the nature of the feelings presumably expressed by the accident perpetrator regarding the victim, and the content of a medical and psychological expertise about him. The perpetrator was given a harsher sentence, assigned a negative identity, and was the target of little identification when he was submitted to a biological expertise, said to have displayed some indifference regarding the victim, and when he was charged with aggravating circumstances. Conversely, when the accused showed some sadness, he received a lenient sentence, especially in the absence of aggravating circumstances.     

Kant's Synthetic and Analytic Method in the Critique of Pure Reason and the Distinction between Philosophical and Mathematical Syntheses

This article addresses Kant's distinction between a synthetic and an analytic method in philosophy. I will first consider how some commentators have accounted for Kant's distinction and analyze some passages in which Kant defined the analytic and the synthetic method. I will suggest that confusion about Kant's distinction arises because he uses it in at least two different senses. I will then identify a specific way in which Kant accounts for this distinction when he is differentiating between mathematical and philosophical syntheses. I will examine Kant's arguments in the Critique of Pure Reason with the latter sense of the distinction in mind. I will evaluate if he uses the analytic or the synthetic method and if the synthetic method is able to identify, without a previous consideration of some sort of given knowledge, sufficient conditions for deriving some aspects of our knowledge.     

Paranoia or Persecution: The Case of Schreber

Many psychoanalysts base their understanding of paranoia upon Freud's analysis of Schreber. Freud thought Schreber became paranoid as a "defense" against homosexual love. Freud, and those who analyzed Schreber after him, neglected an important source of data — the writings of Schreber's father about child-rearing. The father had been an eminent German pedagogue.
I show some striking similarities between the father's methods of rearing children and some of the son's strange experiences for which he was considered paranoid.I infer from reading the father's writings that he persecuted Schreber. Schreber did not imagine he was persecuted; he was persecuted.
I propose a transactional theory of paranoia to explain Schreber's experiences. I link his experiences with his father's behavior. I part company here with all previous analyses of Schreber's paranoia. If my theory also explains other cases of paranoia, its effects could, and should be widespread.     

Data selection and responsible conduct: Was millikan a fraud?

This paper addresses a problem in reporting scientific research. The problem is how to distinguish between justifiable and unjustifiable data selection. Robert Millikan is notorious for an infamous remark that he used all his data when in fact he had used a selection. On this basis he has been accused of fraud. There is a tension here — historians and his defenders see his selection as understandable and legitimate, while current statements about the Responsible Conduct of Research imply his selection was illegitimate. This paper discusses two main issues that arise in assessing his conduct, whether he was intentionally misleading and whether he actually did mislead the scientific community about some facts of nature. It is argued that he was not intentionally misleading, and that it is unlikely that he misled the scientific community.