Cultural Values: A Review of Empirical Research and Implications for Counseling

In this review, empirical investigations that followed the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck model of value-orientations are presented. The review finds between-group as well as within-group variations in cultural values. The author also discusses how an understanding of cultural values can enrich cross-cultural effectiveness. En este repaso se presenta las investigaciones que utilizaron el modelo Kluckhohn y Strodtbeck de evaluación orientativa. Se encuentran variaciones de valores culturales inter e intra grupo. Elautor también discute la manera en que el conocimiento de valores culturales puede mejorar la efectividad intercultural.     

Pornography: Research Review and Implications for Counseling

The author reviews the current definitions, models, and research literature available on pornography. The influence of the media on attitudes toward women and sexual aggression are discussed. Suggestions are made for educational and counseling interventions.     

The Relevance of Counseling Outcome Research: Current Trends and Practical Implications

This systematic review investigated current trends in the publication sources, research focus, and methods of 365 counseling outcome studies. The results suggest that outcome research can provide a considerable knowledge base regarding numerous client concerns and various clinical interventions in individual, career, and school counseling. Counseling practitioners with a thorough knowledge of outcome research methods who use the findings appropriately will find this literature a useful adjunct to clinical decision making. Suggestions for improving the use of counseling research are offered for both practitioners and researchers.     

The Dual Career Couple: Concerns,Benefits, and Counseling Implications

A comprehensive conceptualization of concerns and benefits experienced by dual career couples is presented. Counseling implications are provided to address the concerns. Counselors are asked to expand their roles to help couples challenge unquestioned societal values and practices and uniquely define their own standards for success in career and family roles.     

Exploring Adoption with Clients: The Need for Adoption Education Within the Genetic Counseling Profession

Genetic counselors and other health professionals may encounter adoption during any counseling session. They must be skilled in using appropriate language and understand how to approach and discuss this topic with clients. A thorough knowledge of adoption as an option for clients facing a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis is necessary when presenting individuals with non-biased information needed for informed decision-making. However, three preliminary studies have demonstrated an absence of graduate education and lack of a professional knowledge base regarding this option (Mates 2008; Oksala 2007; Perry 2003). We discuss the impact of medical professionals’ preconceptions on client decision-making, increasing early identification of fetal anomalies, deficiency of adoption knowledge and resources, and the resulting need for genetic counselors and other health professionals to develop their skills in discussing adoption with clients.     

Kitchener's Principle Ethics: Implications for Counseling Practice and Research

This extensive literature review examining the influence of K. S. Kitchener's (1984) introduction of principle ethics on counseling and psychology ethics notes the ultimate practicality of principle ethics. The authors maintain that although a strong influence of principle ethics in the area of counselor education emerges through the review, there is little clear evidence of influence in the areas of counseling research or practice. A primary reliance in the counseling professional literature on K. S. Kitchener's original work has likely resulted in a static understanding of the concepts and a concomitant theory–to–application knowledge gap. Implications include a more thorough and ongoing bridging between counseling ethics, philosophical ethics and practice, and a more overt presence of principle ethics.     

Loneliness: A Review of Current Literature,With Implications for Counseling and Research

This article is a review of the current literature on loneliness. The relationship of loneliness to other variables, the major characteristics of the experience of loneliness, and a definition of loneliness for counseling are described. The unidimensional and multidimensional perspectives of the loneliness experience are illustrated, with special focus on how they relate to loneliness measurement. The incidence of loneliness among various populations is also discussed. Finally, treatment strategies for loneliness, which highlight cognitivebehavioral therapy, social skills training, and social support are provided, followed by suggestions and implications for counseling practice and research.     

Cross-Cultural Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Historical Perspective,Implications for Research and Training

This article examines the development of cross-cultural and psychotherapy in the United States, and theoretical models and their implications for research and training are reviewed.     

Career Counseling Specialty: History,Development, and Prospect

This article contains an overview of the historical development of the specialized practice, preparation standards, and credentialing of career counseling. Discussion also focuses on commonalities of career counseling, general counseling, and other specialized forms of counseling, with attention to questions and implications for the future of career counseling practice and standards.     

The Vietnam Veteran Revisited: Implications for Counseling

Vietnam veterans are plagued by an emotional sense of having failed at what society once considered an important job; careful attention, therefore, must be paid to the type of counseling that counselors give them. This article discusses common concerns among the Vietnam veterans and offers suggestions for initiating programs of service.     

Implications of Current Research for Counseling the Unemployed

This article presents six empirically supported strategies to aid counselors in their efforts to help unemployed workers cope with the consequences of job loss.     

The Counselor and Change: Counseling for Cultural Transition

Cultural analysts have indicated that American culture is going through a significant transition in values. The views of three of these analysts are reviewed and implications are drawn for counselors.     

Separation Versus Connection,The Gender Controversy: Implications for Counseling Women

Traditional developmental theories hold that separation is the primary goal of human emotional development. Numerous current theorists question this notion. They propose that a girl's development of self is dependent on mutually empathic relationships with primary caretakers. This revision of developmental theory has implications for counseling. The counseling relationship with a woman should provide validation for her relational skill and opportunity to practice relational competence within the counseling relationship. Boys and men may also have the need to develop relational competence to secure a strong sense of self. If so, a relational model of counseling would apply to them as well.     

Suicide: Dynamics and Implications for Counseling

‘The authors discuss the dynamics of suicide, how to work with a potentially suicidal client in the counseling relationship, and legal and ethical implications for the counselor.     

Counseling Implications of Genetic Research: A Dialogue With Thomas Bouchard

Thomas Bouchard is a leading researcher of identical twins reared apart. In this interview he describes the major themes in the Minnesota twin research. Although the genetic influence is central, he also pleads for the impact of environmental factors in optimal human development. Included in the interview are the surprises he has experienced, his current focus, and his plans for the future research.     

Women and AIDS: Implications for Counseling

Women's concerns regarding AIDS have been ignored or minimized by most writers and AIDS educators. Although women may share many similarities with men in their reactions to AIDS, they have unique concerns that must be recognized. Understanding these concerns is essential for counselors in order to give quality care to women at risk for infection. This article describes women at risk and offers suggestions for counselors in working with such women.     

Hispanic Culture,Gay Male Culture,and AIDS: Counseling Implications

The AIDS epidemic is affecting Hispanics in disproportionately high numbers. High-risk sexual behavior conducive to HIV infection seems to continue taking place among Hispanic gay men. This article presents some necessary considerations when counseling this population.     

The Nature of Prejudice Revisited: Implications for Counseling Intervention

This article presents a contemporary perspective on the nature of prejudice and on the counseling profession's role in prejudice prevention. The definition, origins, development, and expressions of prejudice are posited. Increasing race-based intergroup conflict is documented and explained vis-à-vis racial identity theory, rapidly changing demographics, and the Flight or Fight Response Theory of Racial Stress. Specific, developmentally based intervention strategies are presented across the elementary, high school, and college levels. Recommended roles for the counselor in multicultural awareness and prejudice prevention programs are described. Este artículo presenta una perspectiva contemporanea de las características del prejuicio y del papel de la profesión de consejeía en la prevención del prejuicio. Se examina la definición, origen, desarrollo, y expresiones prejuiciosas. Se documenta y se explica el aumento de conflicto racial entre grupos frente a la teoría de identidad racial, el cambio demográfico rápido, y la teoría de fugar o luchar a el estrés racíal. Específicamente, se presentan estrategias de intervención basadas en el desarrollo a través de los niveles de educación primaria, secundaria, o universitaria. Se describen los papeles recomendados para el consejero en los programas de conocimiento multicultural y de prevención del perjuicio.