“meta”试析

我们常看到读者把 metaphilosophy 译为“元哲学”,而且有的读者还解释“元哲学”中的“元”含有“基础”、“根源”、“开始”的意思,“元哲学”意指“基础哲学”,等等。不少读者这样理解 metaphilosophy 这门术语或学科,看来与我们把它译为“元哲学”是分不开的。有些读者对这种译法也有不同看法。对 metaphilosophy 究竟应怎样译才比较恰当呢? 关键问题是应如何译 meta 这一前缀。根据新英汉字典:met(a)-[构词成分]表示“位于……后”,“继……后”,“在中间”;表示“超越”,“总的”。根据《韦伯斯特第9版新大学字典》对meta的解释,除以上的意思以外,还有“更广泛的”和“超越的”意思,并举例如 metaphychology。还有一个解释说:meta与一个学科的名字     

我国医生的心理状况meta分析

回顾目前近5年我国医生的心理状况实证性研究,以了解医生的心理健康,通过CNKI、维普、万方数据库进行文献检索,得到30篇文献,9篇符合纳入条件,采用Meta统计方法分析数据。结果显示,近5年我国医生的心理健康水平普遍低于全国常模,SCL-90症状自测量表中有8项高于普通成年人,其中以焦虑和偏执郁最为严重,其次为抑郁,强...     

A PET meta‐analysis of object and spatial mental imagery

Neuroimaging studies have described the functional neuroanatomy of mental imagery. Taken separately, specific studies vary in the nature of the task used and are limited by statistical power and sensitivity. We took advantage of a multistudy PET database of 54 subjects acquired in our laboratory to reveal the neural bases of spatial versus object mental imagery tasks. Our first goal was to evaluate to what extent the activated foci elicited by both object and spatial studies overlap. A second aim was to compare activations elicited by spatial imagery tasks to those elicited by object imagery tasks. We also explored applying regression analyses to the relationships between the scores on the Mental Rotations Test (MRT) and changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during spatial and object imagery tasks. This meta‐analysis yielded the following observations: (1) both spatial and object imagery tasks shared a common neural network composed of occipitotemporal (ventral pathway) and occipitoparietal (dorsal pathway) regions and also by a set of frontal regions (related to memory); (2) the superior parietal cortex was more strongly implicated during spatial imagery; (3) object imagery specifically engaged the anterior part of the ventral pathway, including the fusiform, parahippocampal, and hippocampal gyrus; (4) object imagery activated the early visual cortex, whereas spatial imagery induced a deactivation of the early visual cortex; (5) blood flow values in some of the regions noted above were positively correlated with scores on the MRT: the higher the subjects performed on the MRT, the more pronounced the rCBF was in these regions. These results may reconcile some of the apparent discrepancies among previous studies concerning the activation of early visual cortex in mental imagery. They also contribute to a better knowledge of the neural bases of object and spatial mental imagery.     

Religions,modulators in Pluri‐ethnic cities: An anthropological analysis of the relative shift from ethnic to supra‐ethnic and meta‐ethnic faith communities in Brussels

Anthropological analysis of how and to what extent socio‐ethnic shifts take place in a pluri‐ethnic urban setting reveals that the process occurs from a situation of group‐clustering on the basis of ethnicity to a situation of ethnicity that is absorbed and sometimes left behind in faith communities. Situations are identified of social and religious‐cultural bridging to the region of origin, but also of socio‐cultural integration, supra‐ and meta‐ethnic self‐affirmation, cultural‐religious syncretisin and (non‐)adaptation to the host country. Religion is seen as a grammar with elements that may be considered as a form of modulation leading to social transformation. A number of generational and gender dimensions are also briefly discussed.