郑州大学知识女性心理健康现状分析及干预对策

应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对163名郑州大学知识女性心理健康状况进行评定,发现:郑州大学知识女性躯体化因子分高于全国常模,总分和其余因子分均低于全国常模,且有非常显著性差异(P＜0.001).郑州大学知识女性心理健康优于一般人群,但仍存在一些问题,应制定相应的心理干预对策,维护和提高郑州大学知识女性的心理健康水平.     

我国农民工核心心理健康素质的调查

旨在考察《中国成年人核心心理健康素质总量表》在农民工群体中的心理测量学特征,了解我国农民工心理健康素质的基本情况,并与全国成年人常模进行比较。采用《中国成年人核心心理健康素质总量表》,对来自于全国六大区域的不同性别、年龄段、教育程度和职业类别的855名农民工有效样本进行问卷调查。结果发现:(1)本次调查中《中国成年人核心心理健康素质总量表》各分量表的信效度符合心理测量学要求;(2)农民工样本核心心理健康素质量表总均分处于中等偏上水平;(3)农民工的情绪性素质得分高于全国成年人常模,其他素质和核心心理健康素质总量表得分与全国常模无显著差异;(4)农民工坚韧性素质得分存在显著性别差异,人际健康和情绪性素质得分存在显著年龄差异,自我概念、坚韧性素质和核心心理健康素质总量表得分存在显著的职业差异。结论:《中国成年人核心心理健康素质总量表》适用于农民工群体;农民工情绪性素质优于全国常模,其他所测心理健康素质的负载量与全国常模处于同一水平。     

海军不同类型官兵心理健康比较

目的:为了解海军官兵的心理健康状况特点,以为部队心理服务工作提供参考。方法:采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)对舰艇官兵、潜艇官兵、某海岛守岛官兵和海军某初级任职教育班次学员的心理健康状况进行调查。结果发现:(1)守岛官兵总分大于160分的比例最高,即心理问题检出率最高;(2)在强迫、抑郁、敌对、偏执因子上得分大于等于2分的人数较多,说明所调查官兵常出现上述四种心理问题;(3)守岛官兵在SCL-90各因子上的得分高于其他三种类型的官兵,说明守岛官兵的心理健康水平相对较差;(4)舰艇、潜艇官兵心理健康水平显著好于常模;除敌对、精神病性因子外,学员在其他因子上的心理健康水平显著低于军人常模,守岛官兵与常模差异不大。     

大学新生心理健康状况调查分析

对广东某高校2005级大学新生的心理健康状况进行调查分析,旨在为开展大学生心理健康教育工作提供依据。研究结果表明:(1)当代大学新生心理健康状况良好,在E因子上有54.6%的新生的得分高于 0.67SD,属于外向型人格;在N因子上有54.4%新生的得分低于-1.15SD, 属于情绪反应缓慢型;在P因子上,只有3.5%的新生的得分高于 0.67SD,这表明绝大多数新生在精神质因子上表现良好;在L因子上,有69.4%的新生的得分介于±0.67SD之间,属于稳定型。(2)对当代大学新生心理健康状况与全国常模的进行比较研究,结果表明在E、N、P、L四个因子上,除了N因子外的得分显著高于全国正常成人常模标准分外,其余因子的得分均显著低于全国正常成人常模标准分。(3)采用t检验进行性别差异分析,结果表明在E因子上,性别差异不显著;在N、L因子上男生的得分要显著低于女生;在P因子上,男子的得分要显著高于女生。     

某武警院校学员心理健康状况调查研究

目的了解某武警院校学员的心理健康状况及影响因素,为开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某武警院校2011级202名学员进行测试,与各种常模进行方差分析比较,并进行不同类别间的组间差异比较,影响因素进行多元线性回归分析。结果该校学员SCL-90的各项因子得分均低于军校大学生常模、全国大学生常模及军人常模,并具有极其显著的差异。引发心理问题的5个主要因子是:强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、焦虑。结论:该校学员心理健康状况既有地方院校大学生心理特点,也具有军人特点,思想政治教育和心理卫生服务工作更应侧重男学员。     

“90后”大一新生适应性及心理健康状况研究

目的研究分析"90后"大一新生心理适应能力及心理健康状况,为更好地开展"90后"大一新生的心理健康教育工作提供依据。方法采用心理适应能力问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对四川大学和四川师范大学2009级800名新生进行调查。结果①有54.9%的学生心理适应能力较差,仅有3.3%的学生有较强的心理适应能力;②"90后"大一新生的心理健康水平总体低于全国青年常模,除躯体化和敌对因子外,其它因子得分显著高于常模(P0.05);③不同心理适应能力的"90后"大一新生在SCL-90各个维度上均存在显著差异(P0.05),但性别比较时,只在恐怖因子上存在显著差异(P0.05)。结论"90后"大一新生心理健康状况不容忽视,学校应结合"90后"学生的特点,加强心理健康教育,提高"90后"大一新生的心理适应能力及心理健康水平。     

广东汕头市公安人员心理健康水平调查研究

为调查了解汕头市公安人员的心理健康状况．本文采用心理症状自评量表(SCL-90)对汕头市区分局的男女警察共339名进行问卷调查,分析所得数据,结果发现：样本总体健康水平高于常模;女警察心理健康程度略高于男警察;治安警在强迫人际关系和忧郁程度方面因子分显著比刑警、巡警高;警龄大于15年的警察群体的躯体化因子分大于警龄小于15年的警察;年龄大的警察样本偏执因子分高于年龄小的样本。结论表明：警察群体的总体心理健康状况良好,但部分群体在某些心理状况方面需加以调整和改善。     

我国不同婚姻状态女性服刑人员MMPI测试研究

目的:了解女性服刑人员人格特点及心理健康状况。方法:使用明尼苏达多相人格量表(MMPI)对我国北京、天津、安徽、广东、广西、贵州和宁夏等省(市)的2103名女性服刑人员进行测试。结果:(1)女性服刑人员人格与普通人人格没有显著差异;(2)女性服刑人员的MMPI总得分已经接近临界值,未婚组、其他组的女性服刑人员在Pt因子的得分,以及其他组在Hy因子上的得分超过中国常模临界值;(3)不同的婚姻状况的女性服刑人员在Hs、Hy、Pd、Pt、Sc、Ma、Si七个因子上差异显著。     

蒙汉大学生心理健康的跨文化比较

本研究采用SCL-90和EPQ对153名汉族大学生和157名蒙族大学生进行测查,借鉴跨文化研究方法,对形成蒙汉大学生心理健康状况的原因做深入分析。结果发现蒙汉大学生SCL-90各项因子分均超出全国常模。蒙族大学生SCL-90各项因子分都高于汉族大学生,并在人际敏感、敌对性等8项因子上有显著性差异,来自牧区和农村的蒙汉大学生比来自城市的蒙汉大学生存在更多的心理卫生问题。不同的民族文化背景是形成蒙汉大学生心理健康状况和人格特征差异的主要原因。     

中国现阶段即将出监未成年犯心理健康状况的新趋势——以山东省未成年犯问卷调查为基础

采用问卷调查法,以山东省2013年和2014年即将出监未成年犯为被试,对即将出监未成年犯的心理健康水平进行调查分析。结果表明:(1)即将出监未成年犯的心理健康水平显著高于全国常模。(2)强奸罪的未成年犯与故意伤害或杀人罪及抢劫罪的未成年犯,在SCI—90的若干因子上存在显著差异。(3)不同文化程度和不同年龄组的未成年犯在SCI—90的若干因子上有显著差异。(4)暴力犯和非暴力犯在SCI—90的多数因子上存在显著差异。结论:即将出监未成年犯心理健康水平较高,不同类型罪犯的心理健康水平存在差异。监狱对不同类型未成年犯进行教育矫正应更有针对性。     

边远地区大学生心理测试报告

通过对边远地区综合性大学新生进行心理测试,了解大学生心理问题同其家庭出身,智力水平及生源地等因素有关,研究其心理健康水平及成因,对于提高边远地区大学生心理素质将会产生积极的影响。     

高校青年教师心理健康及团体心理训练设计研究

随着高校青年教师的比例日益上升。高校青年教师的心理健康问题必须予以足够的重视。本研究采用临床症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对高校青年教师心理健康状况进行调查．结果显示高校青年教师主要存在的问题表现在生理与心理问题、人际关系问题、心理压力问题、情绪稳定性问题等四方面。依据高校青年教师的心理特点及其现状。其团体心理训练的主要内容有改善心智模式训练、情绪管理训练、意志力训练、人格魅力训练、人际沟通训练、缓解压力训练、适应与发展训练、身心保健训练等．主要的训练方法是团体讨论和角色扮演。     

One-year follow-up analysis of cognitive and psychological consequences among survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake

The catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale occurred on May 12, 2008 in the West of the Sichuan basin in China and caused severe damage. A project was undertaken to examine the cognitive and psychological effects one year after the disaster among 2080 individuals in the local area. We evaluated the influence of gender, age, education level, and ethnic group on five aspects: work satisfaction, living satisfaction, health self-perception, psychological pressure, and psychological recovery. Male subjects had a better performance in all five aspects, which indicated that women were more affected. Subjects of different ethnic groups showed significantly different attitudes with respect to psychological pressure and psychological recovery. Significant differences for all the five aspects were also found in education level and age. The results showed that older people and those with a lower education level probably had more psychological problems. There were significant correlations between work satisfaction and living satisfaction, living satisfaction and health self-perception, living satisfaction and psychological recovery, and psychological pressure and psychosocial recovery. Living satisfaction and education level were significant predictors of psychological pressure. For psychological recovery, significant predictors were living satisfaction, age, work satisfaction, education level, and gender. The study findings indicated that government programs should provide more support for females, older people, those with a lower education level, and those in lower living conditions. Attention should be given not only to the psychological effects on each victim, but also to related issues such as work and living conditions to promote psychological wellbeing. Limitations of this study are addressed.     

Psychological Distress and Help Seeking in Rural America

The implications of exposure to acute and chronic stressors, and seeking mental health care, for increased psychological distress are examined. Research on economic stress, psychological distress, and rural agrarian values each point to increasing variability within rural areas. Using data from a panel study of 1,487 adults, a model predicting changes in depressive symptoms was specified and tested. Results show effects by size of place for men but not for women. Men living in rural villages of under 2,500 or in small towns of 2,500 to 9,999 people had significantly greater increases in depressive symptoms than men living in the country or in larger towns or cities. Size of place was also related to level of stigma toward mental health care. Persons living in the most rural environments were more likely to hold stigmatized attitudes toward mental health care and these views were strongly predictive of willingness to seek care. The combination of increased risk and less willingness to seek assistance places men living in small towns and villages in particular jeopardy for continuing problems involving depressed mood.     

心理健康素质测评系统·中国成年人核心心理健康素质全国常模的制定

本研究旨在对中国成年人核心心理健康素质量表进行心理测量学检验,并建立中国成年人核心心理健康素质的全国常模。通过对全国采样的6433名调查对象的数据资料的分析,表明：（1）核心心理健康素质量表的信效度符合心理测量学要求。其中,中国成年人核心心理健康素质总量表以及各个分量表的内部一致性信度系数均在0.817以上;验证性因素分析表明,核心心理健康素质总量表的拟合指标良好;总量表与各个分量表之间的相关程度高于各个分量表之间的相关程度,该量表具有较高的内容效度和结构效度。（2）中国成年人核心心理健康素质水平性别差异不显著;中国成年人核心心理健康素质水平年龄差异显著;中国成年人核心心理健康素质水平在受教育程度上差异显著;职业类型对核心心理健康素质水平有影响。结论：中国成年人核心心理健康素质总量表可以应用于我国成年人核心心理健康素质的相关研究和人才心理评估与选拔;本研究制定的中国成年人核心心理健康素质常模可以作为相关研究的参考依据。     

中国特色社会心理服务体系建设的路径分析

社会心理服务体系作为培育良好社会心态的公共服务体系，有着公共服务体系具有的基本特征：普惠性、公平性和动态性。同时，作为社会治理体系的有机组成部分，这个体系的功能是促进社会治理现代化和科学化，营造和谐的社会心态。中国特色社会心理服务体系建设需要立足我国国情，注重以下方面：党政集中统一领导、针对性的心理服务内容、多元化的心理服务载体、专兼职互补的心理服务队伍、循序渐进的建设重点。     

Personal warmth and psychological health at midlife

Personal warmth, arguably a strong trait in the makeup of psychological health, seems to fade in conceptual importance at midlife. In contrast, ideas of interiority and androgyny appear to gain conceptual importance at midlife. The present study sought to rebalance these foci by determining the predictive power of personal warmth for psychological health of men and women at age 50: first, by developing separate California Psychological Inventory (CPI) scales to assess personal warmth; next, by joining these warmth scales with the 20 standard CPI scales to predict psychological health. Without the personal warmth scale, the standard CPI scales do not significantly predict psychological health for men; for women, the standard scales do. For both genders, the personal warmth scales add significantly to the predictability of psychological health. The results point to an amendment of current theoretical formulations of interiority and androgyny to better understand optimal psychological development in men and women at midlife.     

Health,social comparisons,and psychological well-being: Their cross-time relationships

The purposes of this short-term longitudinal study were to investigate (a) stability and change in social comparisons across time; (b) the relationship between physical health and the use of social comparisons across time; (c) whether psychological well-being is best predicted by prior or concurrent social comparisons; and (d) the moderating effects of social comparisons. Community-dwelling elderly women (N=149) completed self-report instruments designed to measure social comparisons, psychological well-being, and physical health at two times, 2 years apart. Worse health at Time 1 predicted more frequent and less positive social comparisons at Time 2. Concurrent, but not prior, social comparisons contributed to a number of domains of psychological well-being. Further, the effects of prior health status on subsequent psychological functioning (Time 2) were moderated by social comparison processes. Women in poorest health who engaged in positive social comparisons showed less depression and anxiety and more positive relations with others at Time 2. Little support was found for the influence of prior psychological functioning on subsequent physical health.     

Self-Discrepancy and Mental Health in Older Women with Chronic Illnesses

Self-discrepancy was investigated as a self-enhancing mechanism by which older women maintain their mental health and psychological well-being while coping with declines in physical health. In this 6-year longitudinal study, the mediating and moderating effects of self-discrepancy on mental health outcomes in older women with chronic health problems were tested. Participants were 103 community-dwelling older women who completed multiple, self-report measures of physical and mental health and self-discrepancy. There was a decline in physical health over time but an improvement in self-discrepancies. Low self-discrepancy (i.e., little discrepancy between the actual and ideal self) mediated and moderated the effects of physical health decline on mental health and psychological well-being. Thus, self-discrepancy appears to play a significant role in maintaining mental health in the face of declining physical health in older women.     

Women Experiencing Psychological Abuse: Are They a Homogenous Group?

Dichotomizing women as “abused” versus “not abused” assumes that any psychological maltreatment results in similar outcomes. A national sample of women in conflictual relationships completed an online survey. Women with no incidence (N = 33), the lowest quartile (N = 86), and the top quartile (N = 81) of psychological maltreatment demonstrated significant differences in reactions to the maltreatment, mental health indicators, personality variables, perceived harm, problematic relationship schemas, and response styles. Women with no psychological abuse and women in the lowest quartile produced similar scores that were typically distinct from the top-quartile women. Effective treatment of women with lower amounts of psychological abuse might not require a unique intervention likely necessary for women experiencing much psychological abuse.