中学生消费价值观在家庭理财教育方式与消费决策风格之间的中介作用

目的：考察中学生消费价值观在家庭理财教育方式与消费决策风格之间的中介作用。方法：377名中学生完成了中学生消费价值观问卷、家庭理财教育方式问卷和中学生消费决策风格问卷。结果：父母积极的教育方式可通过树立合理的消费价值观来促进中学生形成理性的决策风格;父母消极的教育方式一方面通过树立不合理的消费价值观助长中学生非理性的决策风格,另一方面通过减弱合理的消费价值观来减弱其合理的决策风格。结论：中学生消费价值观在家庭理财教育方式与消费决策风格之间起中介作用。     

解析城市中学生的消费心理与消费行为

城市中学生所接受的教育、所处的校园环境以及该年龄特殊的心理特征等因素使得这一阶段的个体有着特殊的消费心理和消费行为。对他们的消费心理和消费行为进行研究,提出相应的建议及对策,是有现实意义的。本文对当代城市中学生的消费水平、消费方式、消费心理的特点及其影响因素作了分析讨论并提出干预的对策。     

青少年感恩的影响因素及其机制

采用感恩问卷、自尊量表、应对效能量表、亲子关系问卷、同伴支持问卷、同伴拒绝问卷、学校联结量表、社区安全问卷和社区满意问卷对1217名中学生进行调查,考察了青少年感恩的影响因素及其内在机制。结果发现:(1)自尊、应对效能、亲子关系、同伴支持、学校联结、社区安全和社区满意与感恩显著正相关,同伴拒绝与感恩显著负相关;(2)自尊在亲子关系、学校联结与青少年感恩之间起着部分中介作用,应对效能在亲子关系、同伴支持、学校联结与青少年感恩之间起着部分中介作用;表明与亲子关系、同伴支持、学校联结等环境因素相比,自尊和应对效能等个体因素是影响青少年感恩的更近端因素。     

青少年与同伴自我表露问卷的编制

从青少年与同伴自我表露的主题入手,以文献研究和已有问卷为基础,结合开放式问卷所获资料,编制青少年与同伴自我表露问卷。对917名青少年进行了施测,对调查数据进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析。探索性因素分析结果表明,青少年与同伴自我表露的主题包括亲子关系、身体发育、兴趣爱好、亲密友谊、学习情况、学校经历和观点态度7个方面;验证性因素分析结果表明,所提取的7个因素与构想模型拟合较好,自编的青少年与同伴自我表露问卷的信、效度均达到心理测量学的要求     

亲子关系与青少年冒险行为的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

该研究探讨了亲子关系与青少年冒险行为的关系,并提出一个有调节的中介模型,考察自控力的中介效应和不良同伴交往对该效应的调节效应。对1263名青少年采用问卷调查,研究工具包括关系网络问卷、中学生自我控制能力量表、同伴群体特征问卷、青少年冒险行为问卷。结果表明：（1）自控力在亲子关系与青少年冒险行为之间起中介作用,即亲子关系通过自控力间接影响青少年的冒险行为。（2）亲子关系通过自控力的间接效应受到不良同伴交往的调节,交往较多的不良同伴使低自控力青少年的冒险行为增多。因此,自控力在亲子关系与冒险行为之间存在中介效应,且该效应受到不良同伴交往的调节。     

青少年压力与吸烟行为的关系:人格与性别的调节作用

采用青少年生活事件问卷、大五人格量表和自编中学生吸烟行为调查问卷对2415名中学生进行问卷调查。结果发现:压力与青少年吸烟行为显著正相关,大五人格的开放性、宜人性与青少年吸烟行为显著负相关;大五人格的宜人性在压力对青少年吸烟行为的影响中起调节作用;性别在压力对青少年吸烟行为的影响中起调节作用。     

中学生价值观问卷的编制及其结构验证

基于理论分析和开放式调查的结果,通过系统过程编制了中学生价值观问卷,对来自北京、河北和广西等地971名中学生的价值观测量数据进行了分析。结果发现,中学生价值观由目标价值和手段价值两个基本维度构成,前者包括生理与安全、享乐、物质、自我实现、认知、尊重、归属、情感、抽象感受、社会和公理等11个因素;后者则包括自身能力、性格特点、与人交往的态度和行事方式等4个因素。《中学生价值观问卷》具有良好的信度和效度,且其结构在不同性别、年级样本中具有一致性,可作为中学生价值观的评定工具。     

青少年亲子关系、消极社会适应和网络成瘾的关系:一个有中介的调节作用

为探讨亲子关系、消极社会适应和网络成瘾的关系,采用问卷法对六个城市共2324名中学生进行研究。结果表明：（1）冲突型青少年网络成瘾倾向得分最高,依恋型青少年网络成瘾倾向得分最低;（2）消极社会适应在亲子依恋和亲子冲突对网络成瘾的预测中均起部分中介作用;（3）消极社会适应的中介作用受到性别的调节。这一研究结果揭示了积极和消极亲子关系对网络成瘾的共同作用机制,为从家庭层面干预和预防青少年网络成瘾状况提供了参考。     

进化心理学视角:童年环境、价值观影响绿色消费行为的实证研究

从进化心理学视角探究童年环境、成年人价值观和绿色消费的关系,为培养健康理性的消费行为提供有益启示。通过专项问卷调查收集1028个样本,运用方差分析、线性回归等进行实证分析。研究发现个体童年SES显著正向影响成年后的绿色消费行为,物质主义价值观在二者之间起显著中介效应; 传统价值观显著正向影响绿色消费,且在物质主义影响绿色消费过程中起调节效应; 绿色消费也会随着代际、教育程度、职业类型和当前SES的不同而呈现一定差异。     

童年环境、生命史策略对消费行为的影响——传统价值观“团结和谐”维度的调节作用

从进化心理学生命史理论视角探究童年环境和典型消费行为的关系。通过专项问卷调查收集1028个有效样本进行实证研究,证实童年环境的核心变量——童年社会经济地位显著影响成年后的绿色消费和炫耀性消费行为,生命史策略和"团结和谐"的传统价值观维度在其中分别起显著的中介和调节作用。研究有助于理解炫耀攀比、奢侈浪费等非理性消费的深层原因,并从生命史和价值观角度提供可能的解决思路,为大众培养健康理性消费提供借鉴。     

Three Subtypes of Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Chinese Adolescents: Results of a Latent Class Analysis

Using latent class analyses (LCA), the present study aimed to test whether meaningful subtypes of internalizing and externalizing behaviors could be found among Chinese community-based adolescents. A total of 5244 adolescents, ages 11–18 years (M?=?15.11, SD?=?1.79) recruited from 16 Chinese middle schools completed the Chinese version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-C). We examined the data using Latent Class Analysis to identify subtypes of internalizing and externalizing behaviors among the adolescents. Multivariate Logistic regression was subsequently implemented to ascertain the relationships between latent classes and demographic covariates. Three distinct subtypes were uncovered: a high-risk group, a middle-risk group and a low-risk group; the three subtypes accounted for 19.8, 31.1, and 49.1 % of the total sample variance respectively. Youth with elevations in one behavior type were likely to have elevations in the other behavior type. Further analyses revealed that compared to the low-risk group, the adolescents from the high-risk group and middle-risk groups were female and older. Significant heterogeneity in internalizing and externalizing behaviors was revealed in this Chinese adolescent’s sample. Profiling behavior problems patterns is potentially useful as a first step in developing tailored prevention and intervention programs. Suggestions for future research, including cross-national studies, and implications for mental health professionals were discussed.     

Adolescent lifestyle profiles and personal and community competences

Revealing how health-related lifestyle behaviors are associated with competences during adolescence can contribute to understanding the complexity of factors that intervene in adolescents’ health. The objectives of this study were to explore the clustering of different lifestyle behaviors and their connection to personal and community competence. Participants were 795 adolescents who were taking part in the initial assessment of a Spanish community-based intervention program. They were asked to complete four self-report measures: the Lifestyle Questionnaire, the Self-Concept and Social Realization Questionnaire, the Coping Scale for Children and Youth Questionnaire, and the Perceived Community Support Questionnaire. Cluster analysis was then used to discover different patterns of lifestyle behaviors and associate them with sociodemographic and competence factors. The cluster analysis revealed three groups of adolescents: a first group that presented all-round healthy habits, a second group with abusive screen use and a third group with unhealthy habits related to going out at night. These clusters were modulated by age, student status, psychosocial risk status and mothers’ level of education. Further analysis showed higher levels of Self-worth, Task-oriented strategy, Empathy and Community participation in the Healthy group compared to those in the Unhealthy group, whereas the Screen-user group had more Behavioral avoidance than the Healthy group and less Community integration than both of the other groups. The identification of personal and community competences as health-promoting factors associated with adolescents’ lifestyles may help professionals to prioritize certain strengths for best results in intervention programs.     

SIMILARITY AND DISSIMILARITY IN VALUE PATTERNS OF ISRAELI KIBBUTZ AND CITY ADOLESCENTS

As part of a larger study on value patterns in Israeli adolescents, a Hebrew version of the Rokeach Value Survey was given to a sample of 160 Jewish urban and kibbutz subjects from State (nonreligious) and Religious State Schools. City subjects were more materialistic and achievement-oriented in their value patterns, while kibbutz subjects emphasized values related to self-actualization and interpersonal relationships. Religious students stressed both orthodox-religious and national values, while subjects from State schools preferred values of personal wellbeing. With the sole exception of the urban nonreligous sample, boys and girls were very much alike in their value patterns. In terms of instrumental values, kibbutz-city and religious-nonreligious intergroup differences were relatively small: however, with regard to terminal value patterns large intergroup differences were found. The results can be explained by the existing differences in socialization practices and life styles in the four subcultural milieus.     

Mental health, life stress and social support among young Norwegian adolescents with immigrant and host national background

The first aim of the study was to investigate differences in level of mental health, life stress and social support among adolescents with immigrant and domestic background. A second aim was to identify culture group and gender specific sources of risk and protective factors and their relation to mental health. Questionnaire data were collected from 633 students, aged 13, in Oslo, Norway. Immigrant adolescents reported higher level of psychological distress and lower social support than host students. Of the four gender-culture groups, immigrant boys reported the highest level of problems, with a 28% prevalence of anxiety/depression. There were no significant differences in prevalence among the girls. Specific patterns of relationships between life stress, support, and mental health were found across gender and culture. The results were discussed within a framework of culture differences in values and gender role expectancies, underscoring the importance of studying each gender/culture group separately.     

校园氛围与青少年问题行为的关系:同伴侵害的中介作用

许多研究表明,青少年感知的校园氛围对其问题行为有重要影响。但是,校园氛围起作用的中介机制仍有待进一步探讨。本研究旨在考察青少年感知的校园氛围与其问题行为(行为不良、抑郁)的关系,以及同伴侵害在其中的中介作用。采用分层整群抽样的方法,选取广东省10所学校2758名初中生作为被试,匿名填写社会经济地位问卷、家庭功能问卷、校园氛围感知问卷、青少年同伴侵害问卷、儿童抑郁调查表、青少年行为不良指数问卷。结果表明:(1)在控制了性别、年龄、社会经济地位和家庭功能后,积极的校园氛围显著负向预测青少年的行为不良和抑郁。(2)同伴侵害在校园氛围与青少年行为不良和抑郁之间具有中介作用。     

当代北京大学生工作价值观结构研究

本研究旨在考察当代北京大学生的工作价值观。研究使用作者自编的调查问卷调查了北京4所大学的350名学生。调查结果揭示,当代大学生看重的工作价值观呈现4因子的结构模型,分别是:经济报酬与工作环境,个人成长与发展,组织文化与管理方式,社会地位与企业发展。与10年前的大学生需要结构相比,当代北京大学生已经从绝对个体观念转为集体中的个体观念,能够更加全方位地考虑个人的工作价值观。     

青少年自我概念与网络成瘾的关系:网络消极体验和学校类型的调节效应

本研究从贵州、江苏等十个地区选取4500名四年级以上的小学生和初中生,采用问卷调查的方法,探讨自我概念对网络成瘾倾向的影响及网络消极体验和学校类型的调节作用。结果发现:(1)自我概念对能够负向预测网络成瘾,重点学校学生的网瘾得分高于非重点学校学生;(2)网络消极体验、学校类型都会影响自我概念的作用。结论:重点学校通过自我概念能够稳定预测网瘾,非重点学校则需考虑网络消极体验的影响。在此基础上对青少年网瘾干预及学校环境进行讨论。     

Developmental Trajectories of Victimization

ABSTRACT

Using a modified version of Olweus' victimization (Student Questionnaire, 1993) scale, 1,241 children in Grades 5 to 7 from diverse socioeconomic neighborhoods were classified into four distinct trajectories of victimization: non-victims, late onset victims, stable victims, and desisters. MANCOVAS investigated how changes in victimization across different trajectories corresponded to variations in intraand interpersonal functioning. Risk factors including anxiety and low friendship quality lead to subsequent victimization and these problems increased with continued victimization. Engaging in fewer aggressive behaviors, having high quality friendships, and experiencing low levels of anxiety were identified as factors that protect adolescents from future victimization. The discussion focuses on the possible mechanisms contributing to the maintenance or changes in levels of victimization, and how interventions can reduce peer victimization in schools.     

城乡普高生与中职生对未来的规划和态度

以1995名城乡普高生和中职生为被试,采用未来取向问卷(中文版),考察了普高生和中职生对未来的规划和态度的基本特点。研究发现:(1)总体上,普高生对未来教育的投入水平高于中职生,对未来教育和职业目标的实现持更积极乐观的态度。此外,城市普高生对未来教育的探索水平高于城市中职生,但对未来婚姻/家庭的投入水平低于城市中职生;农村普高生对未来职业的探索和投入水平均低于农村中职生。(2)农村青少年对未来职业和婚姻/家庭的投入水平高于城市青少年,且对未来教育目标的实现持更积极乐观的态度。(3)男青少年对未来教育的投入水平低于女青少年,对未来婚姻/家庭的探索和投入水平高于女青少年,且农村男青少年比农村女青少年对未来婚姻/家庭目标的实现持更积极乐观的态度。