荀子“成人”思想研究——基于成人与成己成物关系的辨析

成人与成己、成物密切相关,学者或持成己包含成人成物说,或持成物包含成己成人说.但基于荀子成人概念的辨析,应当是成人包含成己成物说.成人,是指成为一个全人.全人既要成己也要成物.成己指向的是“内自定”,突出的是自我身心的德性成就.成物指向的是“外应物”,突出的是类意义上的整全发展.成人不是与成己相对的概念,成己与成物才是...     

“明觉”与“生生”:程颢仁学的自然之维

“自然”是理解与阐释程颢仁学的重要观念。程颢仁学的理论基础是“生之谓性”与“天理自然”。性与天理皆为自然之存在,程颢以性之自然与天理之自然阐发仁之自然,将仁视为合人道与天道为一的自然本体,同时也将“识仁”作为体仁的自然工夫。基于自然的视域,程颢的仁学展开为二重面向:一是“明觉”,即通过仁心的自然呈现来沟通物我,实现生命的贯通和一体之境;二是“生生”,即通过仁体的自然流行以创生万物,实现天地生生之德。以“明觉”与“生生”为导向,仁的自然品格得到了具体的展现,而万物一体的价值取向亦因此得到确立。     

程颐易学的特点及其在中国易学史上的地位

程颐易学的特点及其在中国易学史上的地位蔡方鹿程颐以毕生精力研究易学,著《伊川易传》,创宋代易学之义理学派。其易学的特点是以新儒家的义理解释《周易》,认为《易》是载道之书,天地之道便包含在《易》中,《易》与天理相通,即事尽天理,便是“易”。程颐以天理说...     

意义之域:当代中国哲学研究的一个向度——从生活世界说起

意义世界以本然之在与人化之在的分别为前提,它基于成己与成物(认识世界与认识自己、变革世界与变革自己)的过程,以人对存在本身(包括人自身之"在")的理解、规定、作用为指向;在宽泛的意义上,可以将其视为进入人的知行之域、打上了人的印记并体现人的价值理想的存在.历史地看,在关注成己与成物的同时,中国哲学也从不同的方面涉及以上领域,当代中国哲学的沉思,同样不应忽视以上问题.     

情理与义理——论王阳明与程朱理学解读孔子正名观念的差异

春秋时期的卫国出现了父子争国的风波,孔子由此明确提出了“正名”,旨在端正君臣父子之名.宋明时期,程朱理学与王阳明分别对正名进行解读,提出了不同的解决方案,彰显了理学与心学在道德本体上的分歧.程朱理学以普遍存在的天理来规范人情,强调国家政治关系中君位的正义性,因而主张“无父不可以有国”.王阳明则以人情来诠释天理,强调个体“成人”的先在性,因而主张“无父不可以为人”.这种理论上的分歧在现实中则体现为明代大礼议中双方态度的对立.     

从“赤子”到“大人”——朱子对先秦儒道哲学的重释北大核心CSSCISSCI

为了使以天理为核心的理学体系更具现实性,朱子重释先秦儒道哲学。他改造先秦儒道之"日新"、"扩充"、"止于至善"与"自然"、"不见可欲"、"少私寡欲"思想,认为应当保有赤子之心,修养心性,但不能复归于婴儿;应当以天理为主导,"少私寡欲",但不必"不见可欲";应当"扩而充之","止于至善",下格物致知穷理功夫而达到对天理的体认,使天理与纯真自然在大人心中有机结合。本文依据朱子对孟子"大人者,不失其赤子之心者也"三个层次的解读,意在阐明朱子重释先秦儒道哲学的意旨与路径。     

程颐关于《周易》道体的深度发明——以王弼、孔颖达道论为理论环节

程颐理学的哲学法眼,无疑就是程颢所标举的"自家体贴出来"的"天理"。然而学界关于二程尤其是程颐的天理是如何体贴出来的观照甚少,因此深化这一问题的探讨,对于程氏易学与理学的研究而言,则具有更加重要的学术价值以及文化创新的现实意义。通过对程颐易学与理学的哲学逻辑架构的深入分析,可以透显出天理本体地位及其核心内涵的理论赋予源自于程颐对于《周易》道体的深度发明:一是"无形只是道"的理论界定,二是"性命之理"的本体发现,三是"道二"的哲学开新。由此,程颐理本论逻辑框架获得源头活水的理论支撑,《周易》道体亦得以高度的哲学活化,易学与理学融为一体。     

“家国一理”与“家国殊等”——王船山“理一分殊”视域下的家国关系重构

王船山以“理一分殊”说作为处理家国关系问题的基本视域,对朱子“家国一理”说在继承的基础上进行了批判,并进而提出“家国殊等”说以驳斥阳明学。在船山看来,“理一”仅仅是人道“继善”的倾向性,“分殊”则是抽象的继善倾向的差异化人道实践,“家国殊等”就意味着国-天下层面的政治实践有其独立性,政治秩序的形成需要以“絜矩之道”为原则实现制度构建。船山在继承理学传统强调天人相继的连续性的基础上,申明“君子之道非天地自然之道”,更为着眼于人作为一个群类整体的“人道”秩序的真实。     

朱熹的易学思想

“理”是宋代理学的最高范畴，理学之得名即因这个范畴而来。“理”也叫做“道”，故理学亦名为道学。此道即《周易》所说的包括天地人在内的三才之道，此三才之道统称为性命之理。北宋五子作为理学的代表人物，同被列入道学传之中，皆以《易》为宗，致力于对此三才之道、性命之理的研究，因而就他们的研究对象与研究目的而言，也就具有理学的共同的特色。但是，在北宋五子中，周敦颐、邵雍的易学属于象数派，张载、二程的易学属于义理派，由于象数与义理判为两途，尽管他们生活在同一时代，相互之间过从甚密，在易学思想上却是无法交流，不…     

理学范畴中的美学内涵及其理论特色

学术界历来以为理学与美学无缘,两者似乎水火不相容,本文则试图从新的角度审视理学与美学的内在关系。笔者认为理学是一种在特定时代形成而又跨时代的综合性、主导性的社会思潮、理论形态和思维模式,它以对天理心性的本体论追求为基础,而又包含着对自然、社会、人生各方面以及各种文化形态的思索与解释,其中必然也多少包含着对艺术和审美的见解。理学本身蕴含着美学,本文着重从理学范畴系统蕴含的美学内涵来说明这一点。据我的初步考察,可以这样认为,在理学范畴系统中,“理气”部分包含着对美的本体和现象的解释,“心性”部分包含…     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Social and Personal Determinants of Adolescent Use and Abuse of Alcohol and Marijuana

This article summarizes research on social and personal determinants of adolescent use and abuse of alcohol and marijuana to aid practitioners when designing interventions.     

Cognitive and Personality Characteristics of Masculinity and Femininity Predict Wayfinding Competence and Strategies of Men and Women

Bem (1974) reconceptualized masculinity and femininity as independent and orthogonal constructs that both men and women possess to varying degrees. This perspective was used as a starting point to investigate whether the contributions of gender-typed characteristics can help to account for commonly observed gender differences in wayfinding (the ability to identify one’s current location and successfully navigate to an unseen location in the environment) favoring men. We further divided gender-typed characteristics into cognitive and personality characteristics to assess their separate influence on wayfinding and explored whether gender-typed characteristics predicted self-reported use of masculine wayfinding strategies (i.e., orientation strategies) and self-reported wayfinding competence. Participants were 452 college women and men in a southern U.S. public university. They completed the Gender-Stereotypic Characteristics questionnaire (Diekman and Eagly 2000), a social comparison questionnaire (created by the authors), a wayfinding strategy questionnaire (Lawton 1994), and a wayfinding competence questionnaire (Hegarty et al. 2002). For both men and women, higher masculine cognitive characteristics significantly correlated with greater use of orientation wayfinding strategies typical of men. For men, both higher masculine and feminine cognitive characteristics predicted better overall wayfinding competence whereas for women, only higher masculine cognitive characteristics predicted better overall wayfinding competence. For both men and women, higher feminine personality characteristics predicted poorer wayfinding competence. These results demonstrated the importance of considering cognitive and personality characteristics of masculinity and femininity in explaining individual differences in wayfinding.     

Self-ratings of positive and negative affect and retrieval of positive and negative affect memories

Abstract

Based on analysis of self-ratings of mood, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) have been proposed as basic, orthogonal mood dimensions (Watson & Tellegen, 1985). The present study asked subjects (N = 61) to not only provide self-ratings of PA and NA terms but also to retrieve personal memories associated with those terms. Self-rated PA was associated with latency to retrieve PA- but not NA-related memories; self-rated NA was associated with latency to retrieve NA- but not PA-related memories. Self-ratings of PA and NA were not significantly correlated, nor were retrieval latencies for PA and NA memories. Individual item correlations also revealed a strong direct relationship between self-ratings and retrieval latency. The dissociations involving a non-self report measure strengthen the distinction between PA and NA, and the individual item correlations are interpreted as showing that self-ratings of affect are based upon the ease of retrieval of personal memories.