中西人格心理思想之比较研究

该文通过跨文化、跨时间比较的方式,讨论了中国古代人格心理思想与西方人格心理理论的异同。采取的研究纬度主要有：人格理论的出发点,归宿,理论类型,理想人格标准以及研究方法。中西人格心理思想都以人性为出发点和理论依据,但中国是以人性的优点、人性的可塑性为出发点,而西方是以人性的弱点、人性的易碎性为出发点;都以经世致用为最基本之归宿,都看到了人格的整体性和可分性,有着类型大体相同的各种人格理论;都十分关注理想人格,但标准却不尽相同。     

论孟子的“四维”人格理论及贫困生的人格自我培植与修复

从孟子的“四维”人格理论出发,分析贫困生人格的负性特征,探寻人格建构途径,试图为贫困生的人格培植与修复提供一条内在心性路向的人格建构路径。     

西方关于人格一致性研究的进展与启示

人格一致性问题是人格心理学中最活跃、也是最有争议的研究课题之一。对待人格的一致性与可变性,西方传统的人格理论持两种观点,即一致论与可变论。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,人格特质在跨时间及跨情境上具有一致性。本在综述这些研究的基础上,对人格一致性问题的争论进行了详细评价。作同时指出,要想走出人格是一致还是可变的两难境地,必须首先解决人格研究领域中的一些关键性问题。     

西方人格理论的人性观

本文指出西方人格理论实际上是研究者建构的对人性的图解或模式,并对莱波曼的“人性的基本宗旨”加以改造,从五个维度对西方的四大主要人格理论的人性观作了剖析,指出：建立一个更加合乎现实的人格理论必须具有一种综合性的人性观。     

中国人的人格特点(VI):人际关系

人际关系人格维度包括宽和与热情两个次级因素,反映的是对待人际关系的基本态度。该研究依据本土化的中国人人格量表对中国人的人际关系人格维度及其两个次级因素的特点进行了分析,发现个体的性别、年龄、职业和婚姻状况均对人际关系产生不同程度的影响。总体上看,女性比男性对人更宽和,男性比女性对人更热情;年龄越大,人际关系分数越高;行政管理者比工人农民与和教科文卫人员人际关系分数更高,而婚姻状况也与年龄和性别一起影响个体的人际关系倾向。     

古代人格心理学的发展与传统的社会心态

西方是现代人格心理学的故乡,中国古代也有丰富的人格理论思想,从先秦时期开始古代的思想家们就开始了对人性的探讨,并提出很多有价值的人格理论思想,但在后来的发展中表现出很大的历史继承性。社会文化心态是指特定人群或个人在一定的社会文化形态中长期形成的对某些事物的心理反应和处置方式,文化决定了人格,影响并反映在社会的心态上,人格理论的发展与社会心态是一种相互影响和相互制约的关系,本文主要从古代中国所孕育出的四种典型的社会心态来探讨社会文化心态是如何制约人格理论的发展。     

论人格、交往行为与人际关系和谐

人格,作为人在实践活动中生成的内在精神要素和外在行为规范的系统结构,是以自我意识为核心的,是在与环境的交互作用中形成的,并被主体吸纳为自身的一种本质力量.人格影响和制约着人的交往行为,合理化的交往行为对人格的修养具有促进作用.良好的人格修养和交往行为合理化,是实现人际关系和谐的现实需要与重要标志,使整个社会成员形成良好的价值取向、交往行为模式,能够协调人际关系和规范社会秩序,有利于和谐人际关系的构建.     

中国人的人格特点（Ⅵ）：人际关系

人际关系人格维度包括宽和与热情两个次级因素,反映的是对待人际关系的基本态度.该研究依据本土化的中国人人格量表对中国人的人际关系人格维度及其两个次级因素的特点进行了分析,发现个体的性别、年龄、职业和婚姻状况均对人际关系产生不同程度的影响.总体上看,女性比男性对人更宽和,男性比女性对人更热情;年龄越大,人际关系分数越高;行政管理者比工人农民与和教科文卫人员人际关系分数更高,而婚姻状况也与年龄和性别一起影响个体的人际关系倾向.     

理想人格与成人之道--孔孟人格论再议

现代中国人的人格塑造与重建 ,离不开几千年中国文化的背景。“理想人格”的建构与“成人之道”的探索 ,始终是中国文化传统中道德理论与道德实践的核心内容 ,也是当代中国社会道德建设的主题。孔孟的人格理论表现出对人自身的深切关注 ,对人的意义、价值的深入思考 ,对人格尊严的高度重视和对崇高道德境界的不懈追求 ,其中不乏值得我们继承和弘扬的积极因素     

奥尔波特人格理论述评

奥尔波特(1897—1967)是人格特质理论的创始人,特质理论是人格理论中影响最大的一种,目前不少心理学家对人格的研究都具有这种倾向,因此,本文试对奥尔波特的人格理论作一简要述评。一、奥尔波特的研究方法奥尔波特在整个一生中都表现出对精神分析理论的不满,在研究方法上另僻蹊径。1、以正常的健康的成人为研究对象。弗洛伊德和其他早期的理论家是以观察紊乱的人格为基础来发展他们的理论的,结果他们的理论主要集中在神经病上。奥尔波特则断言紊乱人格与健康人格没有机能上的类似性,所以奥尔波特以正常的个体为研究对象来建立自己的理论。     

Voicing conflict: preferred conflict strategies among incremental and entity theorists

The way individuals choose to handle their feelings during interpersonal conflicts has important consequences for relationship outcomes. In this article, the authors predict and find evidence that people's implicit theory of personality is an important predictor of conflict behavior following a relationship transgression. Incremental theorists, who believe personality can change and improve, were likely to voice their displeasure with others openly and constructively during conflicts. Entity theorists, who believe personality is fundamentally fixed, were less likely to voice their dissatisfactions directly. These patterns were observed in both a retrospective study of conflict in dating relationships (Study 1) and a prospective study of daily conflict experiences (Study 2). Study 2 revealed that the divergence between incremental and entity theorists was increasingly pronounced as conflicts increased in severity: the higher the stakes the stronger the effect.     

社会关系模型（SRM）——个体差异研究的新策略

在文化、社会和人际互动情境下研究行为已经成为人格研究的趋势之一。社会关系模型（SocialRelationModel）源自人际知觉研究领域,它能够分析成对数据,在人际互动关系中分离出行为者效应、目标效应和关系效应。这种研究理念和研究策略不仅契合在社会关系背景下研究人格的理论取向,而且能为实现这一取向提供更为精当的分析方法和研究工具。文章通过介绍社会关系模型的含义、方法和应用,以期为研究人格差异的稳定性与变化性问题提供新的视野和思路     

An interpersonal perspective on the personality assessment process

Many aspects of therapeutic approaches to the personality assessment process derived from or are consistent with Sullivan's interpersonal approach to clinical practice, but the link between such approaches and contemporary interpersonal theory remains underdeveloped. In this article, I argue that contemporary interpersonal theory provides a valuable framework within which to conceptualize the personality assessment process. Specifically, I argue that interpersonal models can parsimoniously represent client behavior and can facilitate discussions of assessment data with assessees. Further, I show that hypotheses on the therapeutic mechanisms of personality assessment can be reframed in contemporary interpersonal metatheory so that they can be compared and tested directly.     

人际自立特质对大学生情绪调节策略作用的纵向研究

虽然不少学者认为人格会影响情绪调节策略的使用,但是目前尚缺乏人格与认知重评、表达抑制这两种情绪调节策略关系的纵向研究。根据人际自立与情绪关系的系列研究,假设人际自立会影响情绪调节策略的使用。采用青少年学生人际自立量表和情绪调节问卷对374名大学生进行了间隔6个月的两次调查。结果发现,人际主动、人际灵活显著预测6个月后的认知重评。这说明某些人格特质可以影响特定情绪调节策略的使用。     

An Interpersonal Perspective on the Personality Assessment Process

Many aspects of therapeutic approaches to the personality assessment process derived from or are consistent with Sullivan's interpersonal approach to clinical practice, but the link between such approaches and contemporary interpersonal theory remains underdeveloped. In this article, I argue that contemporary interpersonal theory provides a valuable framework within which to conceptualize the personality assessment process. Specifically, I argue that interpersonal models can parsimoniously represent client behavior and can facilitate discussions of assessment data with assessees. Further, I show that hypotheses on the therapeutic mechanisms of personality assessment can be reframed in contemporary interpersonal metatheory so that they can be compared and tested directly.     

大学生人际自立特质对人际信任的预测:独立于大五人格的作用

采用大学生人际自立量表、人际信任量表、大五人格简式量表等工具对1345名大学生进行的调查和情境研究显示:控制大五人格后,人际开放仍能预测人际信任倾向,并能通过人际信任倾向的中介作用间接预测人际信任的认知和行为反应;人际责任仍能直接预测人际信任的认知与行为反应。这提示,在对人际信任的预测方面,人际责任和人际开放具有大五人格所不能解释的独特作用,并在一定程度上支持了人格与人际信任反应的人际信任倾向中介模型。     

Qualitative and quantitative distinctions in personality disorder

The categorical-dimensional debate has catalyzed a wealth of empirical advances in the study of personality pathology. However, this debate is merely one articulation of a broader conceptual question regarding whether to define and describe psychopathology as a quantitatively extreme expression of normal functioning or as qualitatively distinct in its process. In this article I argue that dynamic models of personality (e.g., object relations, cognitive-affective processing system) offer the conceptual scaffolding to reconcile these seemingly incompatible approaches to characterizing the relationship between normal and pathological personality. I propose that advances in personality assessment that sample behavior and experiences intensively provide the empirical techniques, whereas interpersonal theory offers an integrative theoretical framework, for accomplishing this goal.     

Introduction to the special series on integrating personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy using interpersonal assessment

The interpersonal paradigm in personality assessment employs multiple models, measures, and methods to examine the interpenetration of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy. Its organizing framework is the nomological net of agency and communion, which are fundamental metaconstructs that can be conceptualized and measured at multiple levels ranging from broad interpersonal motives to stable interpersonal dispositions to specific interpersonal behaviors. This Special Series presents diverse research and clinical applications of interpersonal theory and assessment to (a) enhance diagnosis, case conceptualization, and treatment planning; (b) identify developmental catalysts of and current influences on psychopathological symptoms; and (c) articulate different ways in which personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy are interrelated. Each article demonstrates the integrative nature of interpersonal assessment while concurrently exemplifying the unique assumptions and methods of contemporary interpersonal diagnosis.     

Introduction to the Special Series on Integrating Personality,Psychopathology, and Psychotherapy Using Interpersonal Assessment

The interpersonal paradigm in personality assessment employs multiple models, measures, and methods to examine the interpenetration of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy. Its organizing framework is the nomological net of agency and communion, which are fundamental metaconstructs that can be conceptualized and measured at multiple levels ranging from broad interpersonal motives to stable interpersonal dispositions to specific interpersonal behaviors. This Special Series presents diverse research and clinical applications of interpersonal theory and assessment to (a) enhance diagnosis, case conceptualization, and treatment planning; (b) identify developmental catalysts of and current influences on psychopathological symptoms; and (c) articulate different ways in which personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy are interrelated. Each article demonstrates the integrative nature of interpersonal assessment while concurrently exemplifying the unique assumptions and methods of contemporary interpersonal diagnosis.     

实习初期教师职业认同的发展轨迹及其与主动性人格的关系:一项追踪研究

采用主动性人格量表、工作绩效量表、人际关系量表、教师职业认同量表对385名实习教师从其实习第一周起连续追踪测量五周,利用多层线性模型探讨实习初期教师职业认同的发展轨迹,以及主动性人格对教师职业认同的影响及其机制。结果表明：(1)实习初期教师职业认同呈先高后低再升高的U型非线性发展趋势;(2)工作绩效和人际关系在主动性人格与教师职业认同之间起部分中介作用,且工作绩效的中介效应显著大于人际关系的中介效应。研究结果不仅揭示了实习初期教师职业认同的动态发展轨迹,同时还揭示了主动性人格影响教师职业认同的中介机制,对提升教师培养质量具有重要的参考价值。