道教“天人合一”观的内涵及其现代价值

道教从基本的自然宇宙观出发,建立了独特的"天人合一"体系,把人与自然看作有机的统一整体,强调人与自然相通、相融,主张人与自然和谐相处、共生共荣。可以作为现代人处理人与自然、人与人关系的一种借鉴。     

古代和谐思想与构建社会主义和谐社会

和谐是中国传统文化的核心理念,中国古代和谐思想内容广泛,包含着人与自身、人与人、人与自然之间的和谐,也就是内心和谐、社会和谐、宇宙和谐.这一宝贵思想在今天仍具有重要的理论意义和实践意义.构建社会主义和谐社会必须统筹协调各方面伦理关系,妥善处理社会矛盾,以达到内心和谐、社会和谐、人与自然和谐.     

孔子的社会和谐理论

孔子和而不同的社会建设理论,在人际关系上表现为“人和”。他主张在国与国之间,要和谐相处、反对侵略;在国家内部,要实现上下(君民,君臣)、左右之间有原则的和谐;在家庭内部,要实现以孝悌为本的家庭和谐;对作为“人和”基础的个体,要做到形体、心理、精神和谐。孔子和而不同的社会建设理论,在人与自然的关系上表现为“天人合一”。他首倡儒家“天人合一”之学,敬畏自然,热爱自然界的一山一水、一草一木、一鱼一鸟;他爱护自然资源,生活节俭,反对浪费。这些对我们贯彻落实科学发展观,建立环境友好型、资源节约型社会,建设人与人和谐相处、人与自然和谐相处的社会主义和谐社会,具有重要借鉴作用。     

论和谐伦理精神

和谐伦理精神是和谐伦理的高度凝练,它对伦理关系、伦理行为和制度伦理的和谐程度和发展具有引领作用.和谐伦理关系是和谐伦理精神在人与自然、人与人、人与社会、人与自身的伦理关系中的具体体现.和谐伦理行为是和谐伦理精神的"内化于心、外践于行",是和谐伦理精神在人们行为方式上的体现.和谐的制度伦理不仅对和谐伦理精神的实现起着保障和促进作用,而且是和谐伦理精神转化为现实行为的价值导向和评价体系.     

现代中国人心理健康和谐观的理论构念

本文分析显示中国人的心理是自我的关系状态,中国人的健康是和谐状态,传统心理健康的本质是自我关系世界的和谐。基于对传统的继承和发展。提出现代中国人心理健康的本质是自我关系世界的全面积极和谐,内容包括人自身的和谐、人与社会的和谐、人与自然的和谐和人与意义世界的和谐。     

人与自然和谐视阈中的生命伦理

从人与自然和谐的视阈透视生命伦理便形成了人与自然关系的生命伦理之维.人与自然和谐具有三重内涵,一是作为"人的无机的身体的自然界"与人的和谐;二是作为生成人身体的生物链的自然与人的和谐;三是"作为人自身身体的自然"与人的和谐.随着科学技术包括基因技术的迅猛发展,人与自然伦理关系的传统和谐状况遭到严峻的挑战,环境伦理问题日益凸显,进而导致大量的物种锐减,并且使得许多物种濒临灭亡;基因技术和人工生殖技术的发展与运用也隐含双重悖论:为了彻底地提高人类生命和人类文明的质量,必须对"自然人"进行彻底的改良;而一旦对人实现彻底的改良,这是否蕴涵一种"善良的"强制和"德性的恐怖"?这样,人与自然和谐不仅具有生命伦理意蕴,而且具有生命伦理价值.     

儒学是人类中心主义吗?

儒学主张“以人为中心”,是指以人的问题为中心,解决人与自然的关系问题,不是以人的利益为中心,主宰、掠夺自然的人类中心主义。儒学提倡以人与自然和谐统一为特征的德性主体,不是提倡以人与自然分离、对立为特征的认识和价值主体。儒学承认自然界的内在价值,同情、尊重一切生命的生存与权利,以“万物一体”为最高追求。     

马克思生态文明思想的伦理之善

马克思生态文明思想强调人与自然之间不是对立的主仆关系,而是相互依赖、相互依存的辩证统一关系.在伦理层面,主张要承认自然的伦理尊严,摒弃人为自然立法的思想传统,实现人为天地立德,伦理之善的完成必须依赖人与自然和谐统一、和谐共生的命运共同体的构建.进而,化解人与自然的道德冲突与疏离,这不仅需要满怀友爱大爱的生态道德情感,还需要变革人与自然之间物质交换的方式以及与之联系的整个社会制度,实现人与自然的全面和解.这不仅是马克思实现人与自然和谐发展的终极伦理关怀,更是他们为人类构建的生态伦理的至善图景.     

和谐语境下伊壁鸠鲁伦理思想再诠释

伊壁鸠鲁伦理思想的核心主张是追求过一种"肉体上无痛苦和精神上无纷扰"的快乐生活。用我们当今的和谐话语来说,伊壁鸠鲁追求的就是人自身的和谐。而促进人自身的和谐不仅是社会主义和谐社会建设中的题中应有之义,也是建设社会主义和谐社会的最终价值归宿,因为不管是人与人的和谐、人与社会的和谐,还是人与自然的和谐,其最终的目的都在于保证人自身的和谐。在此种意义上,我们可以把伊壁鸠鲁的伦理思想概括为自我和谐的快乐论。     

自然即人人即自然——人与自然在何种意义上是一个整体

从哲学观念上将人与自然的关系把握为一个整体,被看作是反对人与自然分裂、实现人与自然和谐的有效路径.目前在生态伦理学研究中所建构的人与自然关系之整体模式是:人是自然的一部分.然而,这一模式本身就消解了人之为人的存在,人与自然的整体关系亦随之成为幻像.笔者对比了西方哲学史上关于人与自然关系的两种整体形态,最终指认人与自然对立统一的形态才是合理的整体形态,而这一整体形态的具体表现形式则是:人即自然、自然即人.马克思关于人与自然关系的见解则为这一整体形态何以可能提供了理论根据.     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.