内镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术的临床研究

探讨内镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术的临床疗效及并发症的防治措施.回顾性分析我科210例行单鼻孔经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术患者的临床资料：男106例,女104例;无功能腺瘤150例,功能性垂体腺瘤60例.存在假包膜的肿瘤行包膜外切除,术后随访3个月～32个月.结果肿瘤全切170例,次全切除5例,大部及部分切除35例.术后尿崩63例（30.0％）,激素水平低下25例（11.9％）,脑脊液鼻漏4例（1.9％）,颅内感染4例（1.9％）,鼻出血2例（0.9％）,视力下降1例（0.5％）,死亡1例（0.5％）.截止随访结束：垂体功能低下18例（8.5％）,永久性尿崩2例（0.9％）,无肿瘤复发.对鞍区解剖结构的熟悉及娴熟的内镜技术有助于安全有效的切除垂体腺瘤,减少并发症发生.     

逆行性肾盂造影联合输尿管软镜在诊断小肾盏癌中的价值

探讨逆行性肾盂造影联合输尿管软镜在诊断小肾盏癌中的价值。回顾分析5例小肾盏癌临床资料,术后病理检查结果均提示尿路上皮癌I级（Ta-G1）,术后定期行膀胱内灌注化疗药物,且均未出现肿瘤其他部位转移等并发症发生。对5例患者均进行随访,1年期间每3个月行尿常规及B超检查均正常,1年生存率达100％。患者出现血尿症状,虽然常规检查（尿常规、B超、IVU、CT或MRI等）诊断不明确者,都可行逆行性肾盂造影检查。一旦逆行性肾盂造影检查提示异常图像,均可提示肾盏癌,使误诊率及漏诊率降至最低程度,尽可能阻断早期肿瘤的发展。故逆行性肾孟造影联合输尿管软镜可提高早期小肾盏癌的术前诊断率。     

经后腹腔单孔腹腔镜肾切术应用体会

总结经后腹腔单孔腹腔镜单纯及根治性肾切除术的初步临床经验,探讨其临床应用价值.在2010年～2011年,我科应用经后腹腔入路单孔腹腔镜下进行单纯肾切除及根活性肾切除病例8例.其中肾积水合并无功能肾5例,肾癌2例,萎缩无功能肾1例.结果8例手术均获成功,手术时间110min～170min,平均138min;术中出血50ml～200ml,平均88ml ;术后均无并发症发生.我们在应用后腹腔单孔腹腔镜行单纯及根治肾切除术初步总结,该手术方式安全有效,可行性高.其手术优势需更多病例进一步评估.     

老年Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌5例分析

探讨Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌的临床特点和治疗方法。回顾性分析5例Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌的临床表现、辅助检查、手术、病理及预后情况。患者年龄52岁~65岁,男女比例为4∶1,均因体检发现肾占位就诊,无化疗史,尿液脱落细胞学及CT无特异性,3例行根治性肾切除术,2例行保留肾单位肿瘤切除术,Ⅰ期4例,Ⅳ期1例,随诊6个月~60个月,均未复发。Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌发病率低,临床表现无特异性,确诊需病理免疫组化检测,首选手术治疗,对于期别较晚者,术后可追加靶向治疗。     

胃癌行全胃胰体尾脾脏切除并扩大右半结肠切除术15例临床分析

探讨进展期胃体癌浸润周围脏器的联合脏器切除的适应证、手术入路、手术方法及意义.回顾性分析2009年2月至2011年10月我院15例胃癌直接浸润胰腺、脾脏和横结肠而施行全胃切除及胰体尾脾脏切除并扩大右半结肠切除术患者的临床资料.术后出现1例腹腔感染,1例切口感染,经通畅引流、局部冲洗及切口换药后均痊愈出院,无再手术及死亡病例.术后均进行随访,1例在术后14个月时出现局部复发,1年生存率100％,2年生存率38％.以右下腹肾前间隙开始的全胃切除及胰体尾脾脏切除并扩大右半结肠切除术,明显缩短手术时间,符合肿瘤的切除原则,提高了手术的安全性.     

直肠间质瘤致下消化道大出血1例报告

胃肠道间质瘤是一种发生于消化道的少见的间叶肿瘤,直肠间质瘤更为罕见,在直肠肿瘤中的发生率0．1％以下。直肠问质瘤的临床表现无特异性,与其他直肠肿瘤相似,随肿瘤逐渐增大可表现为排便习惯改变、便血、排便困难等。临床确定诊断困难。手术治疗是能够治愈直肠问质瘤的唯一方法。格列卫作为一线化疗药物对术前降期及改善预后都有良好疗效。本例患者因下消化道大出血入院,肿瘤近肛缘,术中病理考虑为直肠闻质瘤,完整切除肿瘤后行保肛术。术后应用格列卫,随诊3个月无复发、转移。     

毒品注射致假性股动脉瘤的手术并发症和愈合不良的分析

探讨毒品注射导致假性股动脉瘤（femoralfalseaneurysm,FFA）的术后合并症或愈合不良的原因。分析10年来46例毒品导致FFA的围手术期并发症和愈合不良情况。结果46例患者中,髂股动脉缝扎后4例患肢缺血,1例人工血管感染,4例切口淋巴瘘,1例患肢肿胀,2例深静脉血栓,2例患肢麻痹,均经相应处理后好转。因此,综合评估毒品导致的FFA患肢的血供和假瘤,个体化选择手术方案,可减少术后并发症以及愈合不良。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇复合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼麻醉用于门诊宫腔镜检术的效果观察

观察和评价酮咯酸氨丁三醇复合丙泊酚一瑞芬太尼麻醉用于门诊宫腔镜检术的临床效果。选取无痛门诊宫腔镜检术患者60例,依据随机数字表法将患者随机分为瑞芬太尼组（R组）和酮咯酸氨丁三醇组（K组）。统计患者麻醉满意度、围术期心血管用药情况和术毕2h内不良反应发生情况。结果与K组相比,R组手术开始时（T1）、手术开始10min（T2）循环和呼吸抑制较明显（P〈0．05）,麻醉起效时间相对较长（P〈0．05）,术毕镇静效果较差（P〈0．01）,麻醉满意度较低（P〈0．01）,同时心血管用药次数增多（P〈0．05）。两组患者术后均未发生严重不良反应,但K组患者术后镇痛效果明显好于R组（P〈0．05）。酮咯酸氨丁三醇复合丙泊酚一瑞芬太尼麻醉应用于门诊无痛宫腔镜检术能够使患者呼吸循环更加平稳,提高麻醉满意度,减少围术期心血管用药次数和有效缓解术后疼痛的发生。     

麻醉诱导期右美托咪定滴鼻在患儿中的镇静及躁动研究

探究麻醉诱导期右美托咪定滴鼻对患儿术中及术后的镇静效果。择期手术患儿60例,随机分为3组,D1组、D2组和C组,麻醉诱导期分别给予1.0μg/kg右美托咪定滴鼻,2.0μg/kg右美托咪定滴鼻和等量生理盐水滴鼻。结果三组滴鼻前时刻T0血流动力学无差异（P〉0.05）,滴鼻后45min时刻（T1）和拔出导管或喉罩时刻（T2）D1组与D2组较C组心率和血压低（P〈0.05）,但在允许范围内;T1、T2时刻,D1组与D2组差异不明显（P〉0.05）;术后躁动评分,D1组与D2组较C组低（P〈0.05）,D2组较D1组低（P〈0.05）;术后疼痛评分,D1组与D2组较C组低（P〈0.05）,D1组与D2组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后镇痛需求,D1组与D2组较C组少（P〈0.05）;不良反应无差异（P〉0.05）。麻醉诱导期右美托咪定滴鼻起到有效镇静作用,减少麻醉苏醒期躁动,减轻疼痛。2.0μg/kg的右美托咪定剂量麻醉诱导期滴鼻减少术后躁动效果更明显,不增加不良反应的发生。     

原发性阑尾肿瘤30例临床诊治分析

为探讨原发性阑尾肿瘤的临床特点,提高阑尾肿瘤的诊治水平,本文回顾性分析本院2009年1月~2016年7月经手术治疗的原发性阑尾肿瘤30例患者临床资料。本组30例患者临床表现主要为阑尾炎和腹部包块,均经手术和病理确诊,包括黏液性肿瘤19例,阑尾腺癌8例,阑尾类癌2例,恶性淋巴瘤1例。行右半结肠切除术3例,行回盲部切除术8例,15例行单纯阑尾切除,其他手术方式4例。随访25例,2例腺癌术后死于其他疾病,1例粘液性肿瘤死于白血病,1例腺癌于术后10个月复发,余均无复发和转移。阑尾肿瘤临床少见,缺乏特异临床表现,术前诊断困难,主要依靠术中快速冰冻切片和术后病理确诊。手术为主要的治疗方法,术式选择是影响预后的关键因素。     

乙酰肝素酶剪接变体T5mRNA在肾癌中的表达

探讨乙酰肝素酶（Hpa）剪接变体T5mRNA在肾癌（RCC）组织中的表达,分析其与RCC发生发展及预后的关系。采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（半定量RT—PCR）方法检测RCC组织标本及癌旁正常组织标本中T5mRNA的表达。结果RCC组织中T5mRNA阳性率高于癌旁正常组织（P〈0．05）;T5mRNA阳性表达率与RCC病理...     

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3mRNA在肾癌中的表达

为探讨胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3（IGFBP-3）mRNA在肾癌（RCC）中的表达,采用半定量RT-PCR方法进行检测,检测56例RCC组织标本及56例癌旁组织标本中IGFBP-3的表达。结果显示RCC与癌旁组织之间IGFBP-3表达差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,IGFBP-3在透明细胞癌的强阳性表达,高于其他病理类型（P均〈0.05）,并与病理分级相关。因此,IGFBP-3在RCC组织中的表达具有显著性,其在肾透明细胞癌中的强阳性表达具有特异性。     

Simple method for predicting American presidential greatness from victory margin in popular vote (1824-1996)

The author tested the simple method (SM) for predicting presidential greatness from the winner's victory margin in the popular vote and A. M. Schlesinger Jr.'s (1986) cycles of American political history with the expert sample presidential rankings of W. J. Ridings Jr. and S. B. McIver (1997). The SM, which involves only simple calculations on minimal data available shortly after an election, predicts greatness ratings that are above average for winners with high victory margins in years of public purpose and for winners with low victory margins in years of private interest. Also, the SM predicts ratings that are below average for winners with low victory margins in public purpose years and for winners with high victory margins in private interest years. Based on the data for 42 elections from 1824 to 1996, the SM success rate was 81.0% for all elections, 85.2% for the 27 1st-term elections, 86.2% for elections after 1880, and 94.4% for 1st-term elections after 1880. Chi-square analyses showed all percentages significant at the .001 level.     

心理干预对急性冠脉综合征伴抑郁患者应对方式的影响

为了解心理干预对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）伴抑郁患者应对方式的影响,对42名ACS伴抑郁患者随机分为干预组和对照组,在入组时、入组3月后和6月后分别进行HAD（d）、MCMQ测评。结果显示入组3月后和6月后,干预组HAD（d）总分、回避因子分、屈服因子分较对照组降低,面对因子分较对照组升高,与入组时相比干预组HAD（d）...     

Prevalence and Characteristics of Patients with Suspected Inherited Renal Cell Cancer: Application of the ACMG/NSGC Genetic Referral Guidelines to Patient Cohorts

Patients with suspected hereditary renal cell cancer (RCC) are under-referred for genetic evaluation. Characterizing the prevalence and characteristics of suspected inherited RCC is a crucial step toward advancing personalized, genetically-based cancer risk management for patients and their families. To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of suspected inherited RCC syndromes based on consensus criteria, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of patients with a diagnosis of RCC in SEER (2001–2011, n = 105,754) and in our institutional cancer registry (2004–2013, n = 998). Consensus criteria for referral of patients with RCC for genetic evaluation from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and National Society of Genetic Counselors (ACMG/NSGC) were applied to the two cohorts. The associations between meeting referral criteria with demographic characteristics were assessed with chi-square tests. Overall, 24.0 % of the SEER cohort and 33.7 % of our institutional cohort met ACMG/NSGC referral criteria for genetic counseling. While white patients more commonly met early onset clear cell RCC criteria, black patients met papillary RCC criteria at twice the rate of whites in both cohorts (p < 0.0001). As many as 1 in 5 individuals with RCC meet referral criteria for genetic evaluation based on newly emerging guidelines, with differences in pathology noted by race. Prospective genetic testing studies utilizing emerging referral guidelines should help to refine the genetic spectrum of inherited kidney cancer. This study supports efforts to increase awareness of referral of patients with RCC for genetic counseling particularly among urologic providers.     

乙状结肠原位新膀胱术后远期并发症及其防治

通过对30例膀胱根治性切除乙状结肠原位新膀胱的跟踪随访,总结分析此术式的晚期并发症及其防治方法。2003年1月至2007年6月我院共施行膀胱根治性切除乙状结肠原位新膀胱术30例,病例随访2．5年～6年。随访期间发生的并发症有：新膀胱结石2例（6．7％）,肾盂输尿管扩张肾功不全2例（6．7％）,代谢性酸中毒4例（13．3...     

Protective Buffering by Service Members During Military Deployments: Associations with Psychological Distress and Relationship Functioning

To shield a romantic partner from potential distress due to stressors occurring during deployment, service members (SMs) may engage in protective buffering, or withholding information or concerns from a romantic partner. This study utilized data from 54 couples collected before, during, and after a military deployment to assess whether SMs engaged in protective buffering while deployed and the possible associations between buffering and psychological, relationship, and contextual factors. Only 2% of SMs indicated never engaging in protective buffering during a deployment. In bivariate analyses, only partners’ psychological distress prior to deployment was significantly associated (negatively) with protective buffering. In multilevel models with time nested within individuals, and individuals nested within couples, higher buffering was associated with less partner distress during deployment, but was also associated with higher SM distress both during and after deployment. In these multilevel models, protective buffering was not significantly associated with SM or partner marital satisfaction.     

难治性丙型肝炎研究新进展

随着聚乙二醇化干扰素（IFN）的普及应用和慢性丙型肝炎规范化治疗的开展,其治愈率不断提高.但疗效不佳的慢性丙型肝炎患者不断积累,难治性慢性丙型肝炎患者成为临床医生必须面对的挑战.难治性丙型肝炎患者应当分为两类,第一类为“难治疗”性慢性丙型肝炎患者,该类患者由于宿主条件限制,不能耐受IFN联合利巴韦林（RBV）的标准治疗,如儿童和老年人、慢性肾功能衰竭患者等.第二类为“难治愈”性慢性丙型肝炎患者,该类患者可以耐受标准治疗方案,但按照应答指导的治疗原则（RGT）治疗后,效果仍然不佳或复发.本文就近年关于难治性丙型肝炎的研究进展,从难治性丙型肝炎的定义、机制、治疗诸方面作一综述.     

不同手术方式对早期肺癌患者凝血功能的影响

为了研究不同手术方式对早期肺癌患者凝血功能的影响,选取早期肺癌患者51例分为常规开胸组和电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)组。观察患者手术前后凝血指标的变化及临床表现。结果显示术前开胸组和VATS组患者各指标无差别。术后两组患者都出现凝血酶原时间(PT)延长,活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)缩短,纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D二聚体(D-D)升高,血小板计数(PLT)术后第3天降低而术后第7天升高。术后开胸组较VATS组患者术后第1、3天Fib、D-D升高。开胸组出现1例肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)。就此得出结论VATS组和常规开胸组患者术后都处于高血凝状态,但开胸组患者术后早期更易出现血栓栓塞。