盘锦市2005年～2013年艾滋病流行特征分析

分析盘锦市艾滋病瘦情流行特征,为预防控制提供依据.对盘锦市2005年～2013年艾滋病瘦情数及流行病学调查资料进行统计分析.结果盘锦市2005年～2013年累计报告HIV/AIDS 127例,病例逐年上升,男性显著高于女性,发病年龄以20岁～44岁的青壮年,未婚占54.88％,感染途径以性途径为主,占95.28％,男男同性占61.42％,病例主要发现途径为医疗机构的检测及疾控机构的检测咨询.因此,盘锦市的艾滋病瘦情呈上升趋势,以性传播途径为主,尤其是男男同性增加明显.     

我国艾滋病流行的特点

我国艾滋病的流行有其自身的特点：１．人口多,多发病低,即使以目前的估计ＨＩＶ感染数３０万计,在世界上仍属极低水平;２．传播途径以吸毒为主,性传播为次,二者约为１０与１之比,这和世界各国正好相反;３．高危人群ＨＩＶ阳性率,指性病门诊者,妓女（暗娼）的阳性率都极低,约占０．０６％～０．０７％。目前我国还是以男性吸毒者为主要防治对象。     

大连市2006年～2012年流感流行特征分析

分析大连市流行性感冒(流感)的流行趋势和毒株流行情况.收集2006年～2012年大连市18家哨点医院流感监测数据进行描述性分析,并对流感样病例(ILI)咽拭子进行病毒分离检测.2006年～2012年监测医院共接诊患者10 751 432例,其中流感样病例676 860例,流感样病例占门诊病例的百分比(ILI％)为6.30％.流感流行高峰出现在2009年9月～11月和2006年3月～4月.0岁～4岁组和5岁～14岁组的ILI构成比例居前2位,7年间共检测流感样病例咽拭子1 174份,鉴定出流感病毒203株,阳性率为17.29％.2012年与2011年阳性率最高,分别为62.39％和12.15％.此间流感病毒主要以H3型、BY型为主.本文旨在通过监测掌握大连市流感毒株变异情况和流行规律,为下一步流感防控工作提供科学依据.     

浅析影响艾滋病流行的社会因素

影响艾滋病流行的社会因素从宏观层面看有经济发展水平、法律政治和宗教文化等,从微观层面看有贫困、社会资本、教育、就业和人口流动、歧视等.研究社会影响因素不仅有助于揭示艾滋病流行根源,制定科学干预策略,也有助于反思当前的社会治理,促进社会公平与和谐发展.     

艾滋病流行终结之路的困境与挑战

为了深入分析艾滋病流行终结之路的困境与挑战,从国际形势出发,回顾历史因素,提出在国际社会为了终结这一全球性公共卫生问题付出了巨大努力的基础上,面对新型冠状病毒疫情对全球艾滋病防治工作造成巨大冲击,以及各国所面临的关于政治、经济、医疗等方面的困境与挑战。并以我国为例,提出艾滋病流行终结之路需要继续坚持采取中国特色方案与常规防治相结合的策略,通过弘扬中华民族传统文化、发挥中医中药的优势,从而加快脚步,缩短与目标的距离。

     

我国艾滋病流行的特点、原因及对策

自从 1 981年在美国旧金山发现世界第 1例艾滋病人以来 ,这种可怕的瘟疫即在全世界迅速蔓延。目前 ,全球已有 1 80多个国家和地区报告发现或流行艾滋病。我国大陆 3 1个省、自治区、直辖市都已发现艾滋病病毒感染者。由于艾滋病在医学昌明的今天仍是“绝症”和“死亡”的代名词 ,所以人们无不谈“艾”色变。为了在新的百年里实现中华民族的伟大复兴 ,我们必须深刻认识当前我国艾滋病流行的特点、原因 ,以寻求从根本上预防、控制、杜绝艾滋病的对策。1　我国艾滋病快速流行的特点据世界卫生组织公布的 2 0世纪 90年代数据 ,全世界感染艾滋病…     

我国艾滋病流行的社会原因及防治对策

造成艾滋病流行的社会原因我国自１９８５年发现首例艾滋病人以来,艾滋病的流行已经历了传入期、播散期,目前已进入快速发展期。短短十几年,艾滋病就以迅猛的态势在我国播散,并有日益蔓延之趋势,这主要是由以下多方面的原因所造成。１１麻痹大意、盲目乐观的思想打...     

艾滋病的流行及对我国社会、经济的影响

本文对艾滋病在中国流行的总体情况和今后的感染数量进行了估计 ,对艾滋病影响的社会经济过程进行了分析。目前 ,艾滋病对我国个人和家庭的影响已经出现。感染者及患者的家庭和个人均遭受经济和精神的巨大压力。由于未来必须增加更多的投入用于艾滋病治疗和开展干预活动 ,对卫生部门和局部地区已构成为明显的经济负担。尽管目前艾滋病对宏观经济和整个社会的影响虽然还不十分明显 ,但国外高流行地区的严酷现实告诉我们 ,如不重视艾滋病的预防控制 ,非洲某些高流行国家的悲剧可能在我国重演     

解读美国2005年流行词

智能设计(intelligent design) 词汇会进化,就连进化论怀疑者创造的词汇也不例外。以“智能设计”(intelligent design) 一词为例,它已被达尔文的批评者使用了100多年,但直到最近才突然作为一种理念和运动备受关注。据其信徒称,它的宗旨是解释自然界“不可简化的复杂性”。     

疑似艾滋病者的自我实现

“疑似艾滋病”问题具有复杂的社会和心理背景.以社会学的“自我实现预言”理论对疑似艾滋病问题进行了分析:疑似艾滋病者基于高危行为、恐惧心理和染上艾滋病的可能性;预测和相信自己染上了艾滋病;并以上述三个方面当作自己已染上艾滋病的证据;从而陷入了自我实现预言的陷阱.     

Perceived emotional and life change impact of AIDS on homosexual men in two countries

Abstract

A comprehensive self-administered life event inventory examining both general life stress and stress from events specific to the homosexual and bisexual male population was developed in order to assess the impact of AIDS and HIV infection on homo- and bisexual men. Ranking of questions revealed that while general stressors affected homosexuals similarly to heterosexuals, there were critical stressors affecting homosexuals not measured by conventional inventories. Specifically, emotional distress from receiving an HIV antibody positive result was not significantly different to that caused by a diagnosis of AIDS or ARC, the diagnosis of AIDS in a lover or the death of a lover. A sharp discrepancy in emotional distress between current safer sex behaviour and current unsafe sexual behaviour was also found, and the implications for behavioural modification in this area noted. Those who were HIV antibody positive tended to evaluate the anticipated impact of further AIDS related diagnoses as having a greater emotional impact than those who had tested negative. There would appear to be a closer relationship between emotional distress and life change in homosexual men than in heterosexual samples. The relative emotional impacts and life change assessments of AIDS and HIV infection are discussed.     

Scaling Incentives: Determining Preference and Indifference in 8- to lO-Year-Old Girls

The present study adopted procedures similar to those used by Logan (1965) to determine choice behavior in children. The objective was to provide an improved methodology in delay-of-gratification studies, thus avoiding the problems associated with scaling different kinds of rewards, and to provide approximate functions relating a delay-of-token reward to choice behavior. Thus, 7 girls aged 8 to 10 years were exposed to a choice paradigm in which a larger reward (2 tokens) was pitted against a smaller reward (1 token); access to these rewards was delayed a certain period of time. The results of this experiment showed that as the delay of the larger reward increased, preference for the smaller reward increased in an orderly fashion. The finding that delay shifted preference from the larger to the smaller reward is discussed in relation to current theory. The results of this experiment also provide evidence for the utility of tokens in scaling incentives for choice studies.     

山西省艾滋病防治政策分析

阐述了艾滋病在山西省流行的现状,探讨了艾滋病引发的社会问题,分析了艾滋病防治条例、四免一关怀政策以及艾滋病自愿咨询与检测制度的执行情况以及在执行过程中所存在的主要问题,研究了山西省艾滋病防治工作相关基金的来源和使用情况,针对山西省在艾滋病防治工作中存在的问题,提出了艾滋病防治工作与社区工作相结合的建议。     

Researching HIV/AIDS,Education & Childhood in the African Context

This article offers a reflective review of 12 articles and 4 brief reports included in this special issue of the International Journal of Psychology in Africa with the theme, ‘HIV/AIDS, education and childhood in the African context’. Muthukrishna and Ramsuran (2007) have emphasised that the consequences of HIV/AIDS can be far-reaching for children and young people resulting in unequal life chances. It is thus fitting that this special issue should be edited by them in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, in the country (and province) with the highest levels of incidence of HIV/AIDS in Africa. In this article I offer a commentary on how the interpretive lenses of the authors who are located in various disciplines provide a theorised understanding of what shapes knowledge constructions in situated African contexts.     

护理扩展培训在艾滋病干预模式中的探讨

新疆艾滋病形势严峻,艾滋病重点疫区的护理人员普遍存在着对艾滋病知识的缺乏,对艾滋病患者持有歧视、恐惧的心理及缺乏基本的防护知识等现状,艾滋病护理扩展培训项目的实施,通过对护理人员进行的艾滋病知识培训,对艾滋病干预模式进行了有益的探索和实践。     

特殊人群艾滋病行为干预的思考

艾滋病直接危害人类的健康,也对社会、政治、经济及人文伦理道德产生重大的负面影响。对艾滋病病人犯罪的监管问题,公安干警的职业暴露问题,都是目前司法实践中遇到的新课题。加强艾滋病患者违法监管,对特殊群体进行行为干预,是司法结构急待解决问题。     

A six-month follow-up of adolescents' sexual risk-taking,HIV/AIDS knowledge,and attitudes to condoms

A follow-up study was conducted to investigate change in sexual behaviour, knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission, and attitudes to condoms over a 6-month period in a sample of late-adolescent students. The study also obtained subjective reports of HIV/AIDS-relevant change. Overall there was a decrease in sexual risk-taking behaviour with casual partners but no change occurred in sexual behaviour with regular partners, knowledge about HIV/AIDS, attitude towards condoms, or intention to use a condom on next sexual encounter. Examination of individual data revealed that, for some adolescents where behavioural change had occurred, this was in the direction of less safe sex. There were few self-reports of change in sexual behaviour, intention to take precautions against HIV/AIDS, or concern about HIV/AIDS over the preceding 6 months. Subjective reports of behaviour change did not correspond with reports of actual behaviour. Low rates of behaviour change are attributed to the failure of adolescents to personalize the threat of AIDS and to their trust in the safety of sex with a regular partner as well as to the lack of relevance of HIV/AIDS education campaigns to this group.     

The Body of Christ has AIDS: The Catholic Church Responding Faithfully to HIV and AIDS in Papua New Guinea

Using the example of the Catholic Church in Papua New Guinea (PNG), I detail how, through praxis, it has brought to life a living theology of HIV and AIDS. In this way, the Catholic Church in PNG is responding faithfully to the epidemic. As a Christian country with a generalised HIV epidemic, where the body of an individual is reconstituted through the liturgical practices of baptism and Eucharist, theologically, in PNG the body of Christ has AIDS. In order to examine the ways in which the Catholic Church in PNG has responded faithfully to the Christian body with AIDS, I do so in relation to the three theological virtues of faith, hope and love.