“被叙述的自身”——利科叙事身份/认同概念浅析

自20世纪90年代以来,身份问题已发展为批评理论界所关注的热点问题。某种意义上,身份问题由"去中心化"的主体性问题演变而来。鉴于主体哲学中"受伤的我思"的困境,世界著名现象学诠释学家保罗.利科于1985年首次提出叙事身份/认同的重要概念,并分别在1986年和1988年继续展开详细讨论。在众多的主体性或身份研究中,利科的立场可谓独树一帜:1)凸显出叙事在主体构建过程中不可或缺的功能;2)对身份/认同概念内在蕴含的"相同性"和"自身性"进行区分,并藉由两者间的辩证关系来化解身份研究中存在的某种混沌局面;3)肯定伦理维度在身份问题中的重要性。本研究旨在对这一重要概念的背景、内涵、特征和局限做出解析。     

虚实相融的“元宇宙+心理学”发展新趋势

元宇宙是近期的热点话题,引发了社会各界的广泛关注。元宇宙对于心理学领域可能的影响包括通过创建教育元宇宙从而提供全景式的学习过程新场域,通过创建MOOC元宇宙从而打造更加科学和新颖的教学模式,通过打破"魔力怪圈"从而缓解人际回避进而促进个体的社交行为,通过塑造元宇宙赛博朋克文化圈从而增强个体的自我认同,通过搭建元宇宙心理体验馆从而提高学校心理健康教育工作的有效性,以及通过创建基于传统行为疗法的元宇宙心理干预系统从而提升心理咨询工作的有效性等。然而,由元宇宙所代表的新兴科技是一把双刃剑,不仅需要重视这一创造"完美的"世界或创造奇迹的机会,还需要谨防其对人类社会发展所造成的潜在危害。     

异样的“视”界——从镜像理论看悬疑电影中的“身份/认同”

通常看来,悬疑电影带来的感性印象往往与惊悚恐怖片类似:阴云密布般的氛围、张皇失措的主人公、晃动的镜头、怪异的场景,甚至二者都含有峰回路转意味的结局.但是,作为一种电影类型,悬疑类电影毕竟又有其独特之处.“身份/认同”问题,便是这样一种独特的要素.在悬疑电影(尤其当下的悬疑电影)的设置中,迷雾重重的身份常常是必不可缺的重要组成部分.那么,“身份/认同”问题在悬疑类电影中具体是如何展现的,该策略又指向何方？从拉康镜像理论角度切入,有助于探讨这种“身份/认同”问题的展现方式以及该策略所蕴藏的时代价值.     

女同性恋“T”角色的身份认同现状及影响因素——基于成都市女同性恋调查结果

以往关于同性恋的研究大部分是以男同性恋者为研究对象,样本很少涉及女同性恋者,现有有关研究大多也将整个女同性恋群体作为研究对象。但实际上在女同性恋的生活中,有"T、P"(类似异性恋男-女结构)的普遍角色分工。"T"角色在社会公众的眼中更被看做异类,她们在衣着、躯体、性行为等方面不符合主流社会对女性的期待,在日常生活和社会评价体系中常常受挫。她们在同性恋中扮演了异性恋中"男性的角色"。通过调查研究作者认为儿时同辈群体、家庭教育、性经历以及同性恋亚文化群体是影响"T"身份认同的主要因素。     

作为此在生存边界的身体——由海德格尔哲学中的“现身情态”中的“身体”问题说起

本文试图通过对海德格尔相关文本的梳理,说明在海氏哲学中谈论身体问题的可能性,并通过与胡塞尔、亨利等哲学家的对比以及对弗兰克等学者的回应来论证:一方面,此在的情绪是一种具身性的情感,在"现身情态"中现出的"自身"是此在情感性的身体;另一方面,此在的现出自身也是世界的展开。此在的身体不是广延的躯体,也不是单纯的动物机体,而是此在生存的边界,其一方面将此在限定为是属我的,另一方面又与非我处在一种交互运动中,使此在能够得以通达世界。本文与其说是一种对海德格尔的解读,不如说是经由海德格尔的启发进而探究身体的"实事"本身:身体是情绪与领会,存在与存在者、本真与非本真状态、自身与世界的交界之处。     

吸烟者感知吸烟社会规范与社交性吸烟行为的关系：身份认同和关系观的作用

考察吸烟者身份认同和关系观在感知吸烟社会规范与社交性吸烟行为关系中的作用。对1016名吸烟者进行问卷调查,结果表明：（1）感知吸烟社会规范显著正向预测社交性吸烟;（2）身份认同对感知吸烟社会规范和社交性吸烟关系起部分中介作用;（3）关系观正向调节感知吸烟社会规范和社交性吸烟的关系,而对感知吸烟社会规范和身份认同关系的调节不显著。研究支持了感知吸烟社会规范影响社交性吸烟的身份认同机制和文化价值观调节机制。     

群体身份变换性对老年人印象更新的影响：共同内群体认同的中介作用

群体印象更新对于促进群际和谐具有重要的现实意义。本研究采用最简群体再分类范式, 通过4个实验考察了群体身份变换性对老年人外显与内隐印象更新的影响以及共同内群体认同的中介作用。结果发现, 群体身份变换性不仅改变了对最简外群体的印象评价, 而且也提升了年轻人对自然外群体老年人的外显印象评价, 但内隐印象评价的改变不明显; 共同内群体认同在群体身份变换性影响老年人的外显印象更新中起完全中介作用。这些发现不仅从群体身份变换性的视角进一步丰富和拓展了印象更新领域, 而且为群际互动中的偏见消除提供了最简群体再分类新方法。     

族裔散居与异域视野下的“Culture Shock”--《撞车》电影本文中的文化身份

影片《撞车》通过多线索叙事,讲述了一系列不同族裔在异域视野下发生文化冲击的故事,通过不同人物身份对本源文化的指代,实现了多种文化在全球化的语境中的对话。     

关于苗族文化形象的想象与建构——由“内部东方主义”引发的思考

美国当代人类学者路易莎·沙因的"内部东方主义(internal orientalism)"这一说法提出之后,便引发了人类学、民族学领域的广泛讨论,而正如路易莎所言,这一话题本是可以,更是值得争论的。通过对历史上汉族典籍对苗族文化形象的描述和思考,可以发现,汉族通过对"异族"形象进行想象与建构,以确认自己身份,取得自我认同的做法是自古就有的。而在当代社会,由于社会经济以及科技     

“籍先知以设譬”：《天路历程》的寓言与班扬的宗教身份

《天路历程》中的寓言将班扬与激进分子和国教徒区分开来。激进分子抹杀了清教教义中永世和今世之间不可逾越的鸿沟,滥用简明直白和经验的原则来解读《圣经》中的寓言,激起了轩然大波。班扬“籍先知以设譬”,强调寓言是在今世表达永世真理的手段,是他清教身份的载体。以帕克为代表的国教徒认为寓言与国教主张的语言机制背道而驰,班扬为寓言辩解表明了他的不从国教者身份。《天路历程》赋予了穷人获取和传播永世真理的优越感,说明寓言是班扬穷人身份的标志。这三种身份相互关联,构成了班扬完整的宗教身份。     

Tattoo and taboo: on the meaning of tattoos in the analytic process

Tattooing projects a visual image in transference to form a backdrop for the most salient unconscious inner conflicts arising during an ongoing analytic process. Like a snapshot, the tattoo is a dialectic record of the mother-father relationship, of desires for closeness and distance, commonality and difference, identification and individuation. As Walter Benjamin famously stated about the nature of visual images in his Arcades Project, the tattoo represents "dialectics at a standstill." What seems paramount to the patient who participates in the act of tattooing is the need for stasis and immutability, as if bringing unconscious conflicts to "standstill" were to deliver a sense of stability. Unconsciously, the need is triggered by a threat to the inner stability resulting from fear of violating a taboo escalating to the point that fears of abandonment and fusion become unbearable. On the one hand, the tattoo is a visual symbolization of a taboo transgression; on the other hand, it activates the same through an act of self-injury that resembles the magical ritual acts of indigenous peoples' use of tattoos. The taboo thus serves as an ersatz for the actual violation of the taboo in real life, so that the tattoo may be ascribed a magical significance or totemic function. And yet the tattoo's success as a vehicle for constructing a transitional object is always contingent on the tangible manipulation of the skin conjoined with the creation of a symbolizing visual image. The image then acts like a "patch" to repair holes blown into Winnicott's "potential space" and to reconstruct it.     

Psychoanalysis and Diplomacy: Part I. Individual and Large Group Identity

Starting with Sigmund Freud, psychoanalysts have written on a variety of topics relating to the diplomatic and political realms; but thus far their contributions primarily have been theoretical in nature, and have offered little of practical use to most diplomats and politicians. Various psychoanalytic theories have been applied, resulting in diverse conceptualizations: Wars are inevitable because of our inherent aggressive drives; a nation-state serves a maternal function for its members; certain large groups exhibit behaviors similar to those of adolescents. Yet these ideas do not significantly help us understand day-to-day events around the world, practical political issues, or international relations and diplomatic decisions.     

Connecting the dots between fantasy and reality: The social psychology of our engagement with fictional narrative and its functional value

This essay provides an overview of research and theory on narrative and its important, functional role in human experience, including the ways people use media to interrogate their own beliefs and feelings, and derive social meaning. Thought‐provoking film, television, and books can help us make meaning of our lives and grow in ways that are important for our successful social functioning. Research reviewed here demonstrates that exposure to fiction can increase empathy and social skills and reduce prejudice. Our connection to characters and stories has been studied in various ways as extensions of the self into another, while at the same time bringing the other into the self. Bringing together disparate perspectives, we propose that connecting to story worlds involves a process of “dual empathy”—simultaneously engaging in intense personal processing while also “feeling through” characters, both of which produce benefits. Because the value of entertainment narratives may not always be well understood, we explain how those experiences can be personal, social, and can serve important adaptive functions.     

Review of "The Cultural Context of Sexual Pleasure and Problems: Psychotherapy With Diverse Clients," edited by Kathryn S. K. Hall and Cynthia A. Graham

A content and thematic analysis was conducted using forum messages from websites developed for wives of online gamers who play World of Warcraft. Blog posts from 50 women describing conflict in their marital relationship involving their husband's online game play were analyzed. Four overarching themes were identified and discussed in terms of the impact of online gaming on family functioning and relationships, emotional outcomes, and coping mechanisms. Results of ensuing issues arising from excessive gaming as perceived by the non-gaming spouse and ways in which they cope with these issues are shared.