新生代员工自杀意念的产生机理

新生代员工的自杀意念正在引起研究者的关注.本研究立足于职业健康心理学和积极心理学视野,汲取自我决定理论和生命意义理论的思想精髓以构建“动机-生命意义”模型,系统考察社会、组织和个体因素对自杀意念的综合影响,对揭示无精神疾患员工自杀意念产生的影响机制和心理动力机制、促进研究范式从病理取向转向积极取向具有重要的理论价值;此外,还有望开发出一套“社会-组织情境→动机→生命意义”干预方案,引导企业与政府反思其现有管理体系,帮助管理者审视其管理哲学并改善其管理行为,针对尚无自杀意念或意念处于萌芽期的员工,多层次、多途径构建员工自杀的一级防控体系和心理援助机制,促进员工与企业、社会的整体和谐发展.     

大学生自杀现象引发的生命教育的思考

大学生自杀现象屡见不鲜,大学生生命意识的淡薄,高校生命教育的缺失是大学生自杀很重要的因素.着重介绍了生命教育的内涵、发展沿革,大学教育中实施生命教育的意义和紧迫性,以及高校(包括医学院校)对如何实施生命教育作了一些思考.     

冲动性特质对高中生自杀意念的影响:校园排斥与生命意义感的作用

采用冲动性特质量表、青少年遭受校园排斥问卷、生命意义感量表、自杀意念量表对633名高中生进行调查。结果表明:(1)冲动性特质对高中生自杀意念有显著的正向预测作用;(2)校园排斥在冲动性特质与高中生自杀意念间起部分中介作用;(3)冲动性特质经由校园排斥影响高中生自杀意念的中介作用受生命意义感的调节,随着生命意义感的增加,校园排斥对自杀意念的效应逐步减弱。冲动性特质可以通过校园排斥增加高中生自杀意念强度,而生命意义感能有效降低校园排斥对自杀意念的消极影响。     

校园氛围与青少年的自杀意念/企图：自尊的中介作用

尽管相当一部分青少年自杀发生于学校背景中,但目前较少有研究考察校园氛围是否会影响以及怎样影响青少年的自杀意念/企图。本研究旨在检验校园氛围的不同方面(教师支持、同学支持、自主机会)与青少年自杀意念/企图的关系,以及自尊在其中的中介作用。采用分层整群抽样的方法,选取广东省10所学校2758名初中生作为被试,匿名填写家庭功能问卷、社区问题问卷、校园氛围问卷、Rosenberg自尊量表、自杀意念与企图问卷。回归分析表明:(1)在控制了性别、年龄、社会经济地位、家庭功能和社区问题后,教师支持和同学支持均能显著负向预测自杀意念/企图,自主机会对自杀意念/企图的预测作用不显著;(2)自尊在教师支持和同学支持与自杀意念/企图之间起着中介作用。因此,实践工作中应重视教师支持和同学支持对青少年自尊的塑造作用,进而减少自杀意念/企图。     

他们为什么要自杀

自杀是一种有意识地、自愿地结束自己生命的行为。人类的自杀行为自古就有,但现代社会自杀率尤其是青少年自杀现象有增无减。从心理学角度分析,自杀者多数是由于生活中遭遇挫折,从而产生激烈的心理冲突,陷人危机状态不能自拔,难以承受,或心理异常而产生自毁行为。可见,自杀与挫折有密切关系,自杀已成为心理卫生学研究的重要内容。研究自杀规律的根本目的在于预防自杀,对处于危机状态的人提供及时有效的干预。     

从自杀现象看无神论教育的急迫性

面对富士康＂十连跳＂、台州三青年相约自杀等一系列意外事件,社会的需求究竟是什么？是宗教,还是科学无神论？自杀获救的台州青年阿友在心理援助时接受了无神论观点,他说,如果能早点明白,说不定自杀就不会发生了。科学无神论能帮助我们摆脱虚幻臆想和鬼神的束缚,获得奋斗的勇气和力量。     

自杀防范的伦理学审视

本文以伦理道德对自杀的基本价值态度为切入点,提出了构建当代中国防范自杀的道德干预机制的基本思路,即通过国家、社会、学校、家庭共同努力,形成防范自杀的伦理机制,从而为个体生命的意义呈现或价值实现搭建坚实的平台。     

美国人口自杀状况分析

自杀不仅是个人和家庭的灾难,而且成为重要的社会问题,也是目前发达国家造成死亡的主要因素之一.尽管美国的自杀率在世界各国中不是最高的,但同其他发达国家一样所造成的社会问题最为突出.通过美国不同性别、年龄、种族、区域等自杀人群的分析,了解美国自杀人群的特点,以期采取相应的措施.     

自杀高危人群的识别及预防研究

自杀是由严重心理危机导致的行为.通过描述自杀高危人群存在的时代状况,从社会学与心理-精神病学的维度分析了高危人群的自杀成因,进而对其自杀前的异常言行表现、自杀的方式及当前各种预防措施进行讨论.同时,对中国文化语境下的自杀及其预防展开了反思与展望.     

敬畏生命，远离自杀

[中国新闻网9月10日报道]：世界卫生组织警告,过去50年,全球自杀率蹿升60％,目前每年有100万人自杀,平均每天3000人、每小时125人、每分钟2人自杀。世卫组织估计,未来全球自杀率可能还会升高。同一日,中国广播网报道：我国是高自杀率国家,我国自杀率为22．23／10万,自杀已经成为我国人群第五大死因,每年大约有25万人死于自杀,而且每年大约有200万人自杀未遂。     

Is Jessie right to end her life?

Presupposing that our consideration of ethical issues can be enriched by examining literary works, this paper focuses on Marsha Norman's play ‘night, Mother. The play describes the last hour and a half in the life of Jessie, a young woman who decides to die by suicide. Before ending her life, Jessie explains to her mother her reasons for her suicide. In the context of the play, these are presented as quite weighty and as, perhaps, justifying her decision. Scholarly research on the play has also treated Jessie's suicide favorably. In this paper I argue that Jessie, and people in similar conditions, are wrong to die by suicide. Among other points, I criticize Jessie's arguments from the impossibility to improve life; the assured termination of suffering; the badness of the world; and the right for suicide. I also criticize arguments in the scholarly literature that view Jessie's suicide favorably, such as the arguments from independence, heroism, authenticity, and emotional closeness.     

A Reanalysis of Occupation and Suicide: Negative Perceptions of the Workplace Linked to Suicide Attempts

Suicide is the ultimate outcome of poor psychological well-being; however, there is a paucity of research examining the link between occupation and suicide, despite early academic interest and the known importance of work to our everyday lives. We propose that this body of research was abandoned prematurely, and we provide a reanalysis by integrating the Job Characteristics Model and the Conservation of Resources model with extant suicide research. Specifically, we hypothesize that work design characteristics (job autonomy, task variety, physical demands) and threats to personal resources (absence of viewing work-as-career, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, job dissatisfaction) are linked to suicide attempts via depression and suicidal ideation. Utilizing three measurement occasions and 2,855 participants from the AddHealth database, our findings indicate that job autonomy, task variety, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and job dissatisfaction all indirectly contribute to employees' suicide attempts via depression and suicidal ideation. Thus, negative employee perceptions of the workplace environment have much more severe consequences than is typically examined. Based on these results, we provide recommendations for developing a theoretically derived nomological net around suicidal behavior in an organizational context, and offer strategies for managers and employees to construct a work environment that is conducive to employee well-being.     

自杀“守门人”培训研究述评

在西方国家,自杀“守门人”培训被认为是最有效的自杀预防策略之一.自杀“守门人”培训的具体内容包括传授基础知识、识别自杀征兆、初步评估自杀风险和转介自杀高危个体等4个方面;研究发现自杀“守门人”培训对受训者的知识、态度和干预技能有显著的积极影响,但其对自杀率的影响仍需今后的研究详细探讨;目前的研究存在以下不足:1)随机对照研究少;2)难以评估培训对自杀率的真实影响;3)评价指标单一,缺乏统一的评估工具.未来的研究应弥补现有研究的不足,并重视自杀“守门人”培训的跨文化研究.     

Purpose in Life, Satisfaction with Life, and Suicide Ideation in a Clinical Sample

This study examined the role of purpose in life and satisfaction with life in protecting against suicide ideation in a clinical psychiatric sample. Forty-nine psychiatric patients completed self-report measures of suicide ideation, purpose in life, satisfaction with life, neuroticism, depression, and social hopelessness. Zero-order correlations indicated significant associations between suicide ideation and the various predictors, in the hypothesized directions. Regression analyses illustrated that purpose in life and satisfaction with life accounted for significant additional variability in suicide ideation scores above and beyond that accounted for by the negative psychological factors alone. Purpose in life also mediated the relation between satisfaction with life and suicide ideation and moderated the relation between depression and suicide ideation. These findings demonstrate the potential value of attending to both resilience and pathology when building predictive models of suicide ideation and of attending to key existential themes when assessing and treating suicidal individuals.     

“自杀”：一个重要的伦理问题

自杀现已成为人类死亡十大原因之一 ,而且呈现出低龄化的趋势 ,越来越引起社会的关注。因而 ,从政治、经济、社会、疾病、文化等多视角来寻找自杀的外部原因 ,对探究这个重要的伦理问题是有益的。     

Discerning the Behavior of the Suicide Bomber: The Role of Vengeance

Deliberate suicide used to achieve some end in group conflict is a relatively rare but always dramatic behavior. Motivation for such behavior is complex occurs usually at both the group and individual levels, and can have multiple meanings. The author examines suicide bombing as it has occurred recently in both the 9/11 event and in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, notes that it appears to be a behavior motivated mainly by the singular intent to destroy a particular people, and concludes that it is a 'depressive equivalent' behavior rooted in the desire for vengeance. He identifies such behavior, given this motivation, as a crime by the leaders of the groups planning such acts against those they send on suicide bombing missions. He exhorts civilized society to bring these criminals to justice in order to prevent such acts.     

Meaning in life across the life span: Levels and correlates of meaning in life from emerging adulthood to older adulthood

Meaning in life is thought to be important to well-being throughout the human life span. We assessed the structure, levels, and correlates of the presence of meaning in life, and the search for meaning, within four life stage groups: emerging adulthood, young adulthood, middle-age adulthood, and older adulthood. Results from a sample of Internet users (N = 8756) demonstrated the structural invariance of the meaning measure used across life stages. Those at later life stages generally reported a greater presence of meaning in their lives, whereas those at earlier life stages reported higher levels of searching for meaning. Correlations revealed that the presence of meaning has similar relations to well-being across life stages, whereas searching for meaning is more strongly associated with well-being deficits at later life stages.