中国企业社会责任履行滞后的原因及对策分析

企业的社会身份从经济、法律、伦理等方面决定了其履行社会责任的义务性特征。有些企业之所以不愿意或不积极履行社会责任主要是由企业和社会对企业的社会身份、对社会责任的义务性缺乏理性认知所导致的。解决问题的关键是企业和社会双方更新观念,重构企业社会责任观体系。     

循环经济分析框架下的企业社会责任

循环经济与传统线性经济不同,它是经济增长方式的一场革命.从历史上看,在不同的经济社会发展阶段,企业社会责任现有着不同的内涵.在市场经济的发展过程中,人们对企业的社会责任的认识经历了一个由古典社会责任观到现代企业社会责任现的演变过程.循环经济作为一种经济发展方式,一种影响社会发展方式的理论,直接影响鲥对企业社会责任的诠释.循环经济分析框架下的企业社会责任增添了许多新内涵.     

企业社会责任与社会公正

企业何以需要承担社会责任?企业承担社会责任的价值指归于何处?又如何能保持企业承担社会责任的持续后劲?诸如此类问题的思考和解决在本质上命系于社会公正或公正的社会环境。企业社会责任与社会公正是一个交融渗透、共生互动的德性共同体。     

伦理学视阀下基于利益相关者视角的企业社会责任问题研究

在经济全球化与企业管理国际化的今天,企业履行其对其利益相关者的社会责任已不再是企业的被动责任,而更多的是企业寻求可持续发展的主观意愿。本文从企业的社会责任入手,基于企业的利益相关者理论,将二者结合起来进行研究,在分别介绍企业社会责任和利益相关者理论的内涵基础上,分析了现阶段企业对利益相关者各方（股东、员工、消费者、商业伙伴、环境、政府等）所应承担的责任,为企业的发展提供指导。     

企业社会责任伦理探析

企业社会责任的影响日益增大,需要探讨其本质、进程、影响因素并推动其发展.企业社会责任本质上是伦理道德责任.企业社会责任由理念到运动,经历了由小到大、由弱到强的变化.企业社会责任受社会文化条件、经济条件和技术条件的影响而在不同时期凸显出不同的伦理内涵和实践要求.     

现代企业社会责任问题研究述评

企业社会责任是当今社会各界普遍关注的一个热点话题,理论界对企业社会责任的相关问题进行了大量的研究和讨论且取得了一系列的研究成果,有很多有益启示和思想亮点,对于社会主义思想道德的研究具有重要的理论价值和实践意义,本文就学界对企业社会责任相关问题进行的讨论做了梳理和条陈。     

企业社会责任的伦理学分析

在企业何以具有社会责任的价值理由的分析中,学界多从经济学和法学的视阈进行论证,缺乏伦理学独立性的价值分析。从人性的精神特质、经济活动的人本目的性、经济活动方式的人道归属性、意志自由与责任的对应性出发,伦理学可以为企业社会责任提供理论支撑。     

企业社会责任与构建和谐社会

和谐社会的建构,不仅要求企业为社会创造物质财富,更要求其为社会承担相应的责任。企业履行社会责任,企业自身应树立正确理念,培养道德操守,社会舆论与政府也应引导和鼓励企业承担社会责任。     

论企业社会责任的界定

本文通过论述界定企业社会责任的基本依据、企业社会责任的必要条件、企业社会责任的充分条件,试图对企业承担社会责任的合理性的依据,以及如何对其进行合理的界定提出某种新的解释。     

利益相关者理论视野下的金融企业社会责任

2008年全面爆发的美国金融危机影响波及全球。从企业伦理或经济伦理的角度来看,此次金融危机的根源在于传统的股东利益至上理念的内在缺陷。本文提出用利益相关者理论替代股东利益至上理论。利益相关者理论强调企业应该考虑股东、员工、客户、合作伙伴、社区、政府、环境、经济共同体等各方利益相关者的权益。金融企业必须转变传统的经营理念,积极引进利益相关者理论,履行其所应承担的企业社会责任,此乃克服金融危机的一种可能的和有效的路径。     

制造疾病：工具理性的泛滥

工具理性的泛滥导致医疗的商品化和技术主体化,产生“制造疾病”的现象层出不穷。究其原因概括为：其一,求“效率”过程无意中“制造疾病”;其二,为追求利益最大化有意“制造疾病”,将科学简单地等同于数据,认为科学可以解释一切疾病,无视患者自愈的能力,将“正常”的生命现象视为疾病;其三,视人为物,为社会管理“制造疾病”。医者应将自己的工具理性,约束在为患者谋利的价值理性之下,弘扬医学人文去遏制制造疾病的恶行。

     

企业社会责任活动中感知伪善的结构与量表开发

不当的企业社会责任(Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR)表现会让消费者感知企业伪善, 从而产生极负面的影响。但“伪善”概念刚经由社会心理学引入营销学领域, 亟需准确定义和科学的量表。为此, 将以中国文化为背景, 通过系列研究, (1)探究CSR活动中消费者感知企业伪善的内涵并与相关概念区分; (2)揭示企业伪善的构成结构, 开发多维度的企业伪善量表并进行严格的信度、效度检验; (3)探索其前因后果, 特别是实证检验其对消费者态度和行为三个层面的影响。     

职业卫生与企业社会责任探讨

就企业社会责任、企业伦理和职业卫生的关系展开讨论。在企业中,职业卫生是保障员工健康的措施,也是企业社会责任和伦理的体现。并就企业社会责任缺失,对存在的职业卫生问题进行探讨。针对企业的社会责任缺失导致的卫生意识缺乏、管理不合理和忽视职业病防治等,建议强化文化建设、道德建设及安全生产管理,提高员工健康意识和维权能力。而职业卫生工作者应该保持职业道德和专业精神,积极参与卫生监督和评估工作。最后,探讨我国部分新兴企业和传统企业的职业卫生伦理问题,强调企业可持续发展中需履行的社会责任和遵守的伦理规范。

     

Chinese Corporate Social Responsibility by Multiple Objective Portfolio Selection and Genetic Algorithms

In this paper, we study corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China through the prism of investments. We work with large stocks and assess their CSR performance from agency CSR data. We formulate Chinese CSR by a multiple objective extension of a traditional portfolio selection model and analytically solve the extension. We also solve the extension by a genetic algorithm and directly evaluate the algorithm's performance against the analytical solution. The multiple objective formulation is tested by randomly choosing nondominated portfolios with out‐of‐sample data to identify nondominated portfolios that outperform the 1/n portfolio (equally weighted portfolio). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanisms of Corporate Social Responsibility: The Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership

Literature reviews have repeatedly emphasized the need to further investigate relationships between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and micro-organizational variables. The present research attempts to address this call by examining the direct and indirect relationship between individual perceptions of CSR and employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Multiphasic data from 207 workplace supervisor–subordinate dyads recruited from an online panel were analyzed to show that organizational identification mediated the relationship between CSR and OCBs. Furthermore, supervisor transformational leadership style moderated the mediation, such that the indirect effect of the organizational identification on the relationship between CSR and OCBs became nonsignificant under low transformational leadership. Based on these results, we make suggestions for using embeddedness programs to improve perceptions of CSR.     

Wobbling on a One-Legged Stool: The Decline of American Pluralism and the Academic Treatment of Corporate Social Responsibility

B. Readings (University in Ruins. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996) argued that universities have abandoned their original project of promoting a national culture and have tried to substitute by embracing globalization, but the vagueness and incoherence of the concept has failed to return purpose to the University. The academic treatment of corporate social responsibility illustrates this dilemma. For a generation after H.R. Bowen (Social Responsibilities of the Businessman. New York: Harper & Row, 1953) founded the field, scholars struggled to fit the concept within a national system of pluralistic power-sharing among a variety of institutions that would define and enforce standards of responsibility necessary for the general good of American society. That understanding changed in the nineteen eighties, shortly after corporate executives had united to an unprecedented degree to direct the power of government in their interests, influence the public agenda, and roll back the power of unions. In response, business ethicists began to reformulate corporate social responsibility as a voluntary practice on the part of these same executives. Since the Kantian and Lockean principles upon which this approach was based were themselves problematic, it is not surprising that the experience gained over the last generation casts doubt on the efficacy of this reliance on voluntary restraint and personal initiative. However, circumstances that include the failure of globalization to deliver on its promises may have changed sufficiently in recent years to revive interest in approaches that acknowledge the importance of countervailing power for encouraging greater corporate social responsibility.     

A Neo-Kantian foundation of Corporate Social Responsibility

‘Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is conceptualized in many ways. We argue that one cannot be indifferent about the issue of its conceptualization. In terms of methodology, our position is that any conceptual discussion must embed CSR in political theory. With regard to substance, we link up with the discussion on whether CSR must be defined on the basis of a tripartite or a quadripartite division of business responsibilities. We share A.B. Carroll’s intuition that a quadripartite division is called for as a basis to define CSR. However, defending the quadripartite division of business responsibilities requires that the distinctions between economic, legal, ethical and discretionary business responsibilities be made intelligible. Carroll’s account is defective in this respect. We argue that contemporary Neo-Kantian political ethics is able to make sense of these distinctions, because of its specific interpretation of liberalism. Interestingly, from a conventional liberal perspective this interpretation of liberalism is atypical, as it extends public morality beyond the domain of the law.

心理疾病污名社会表征公众影响初探

在中国文化背景下对心理疾病污名社会表征的公众影响进行了初步探讨。在全国12个省市对1028名普通公众进行问卷调查。结果发现,心理疾病污名社会表征的不同维度分别对公众接近、帮助心理疾病患者的意愿和专业心理求助意愿产生正面或负面的影响。公众污名感知在社会表征影响行为意愿过程中起中介作用。     

社会责任消费的结构、形成机制及企业响应

社会责任消费是指消费者通过个人努力来促进促进环境保护和社会良性发展的一种消费模式。社会责任消费结构与测量从单一维度逐渐过渡到了多维度, 并涵盖了从产品获得、使用到购后垃圾处理的整个过程。从影响社会责任消费的心理距离来看, 社会责任消费的形成机制主要包括三类：进化心理机制阐述了作为人类进化结果的亲社会偏好是如何影响社会责任消费的, 属于远端机制; 社会规范机制阐述了外部的社会规范(命令性规范与描述性规范)是如何发挥作用的, 属于中端机制; 态度-行为(意愿)模型则主要阐述了消费者内部心理因素的影响, 属于近端机制。随着消费者社会责任消费影响力的扩大, 企业纷纷重视其自身社会责任行为, 并由此衍生出以企业社会责任为导向的营销策略, 然而其效果受到诸多因素影响。文章最后指出了已有研究尚未解决的问题以及未来的一些研究方向。     

“企业公民”与医药事业的境界

指出了医药行业对企业公民和企业社会责任的忽视,分析了企业公民和企业社会责任在医药行业发展中的对应要求,强调了医药行业在注重经济利益的同时,要充分重视对社会责任的承担,并从医药行业作为社会事业的角度,提出了树立企业公民意识对提升医药事业发展境界的必要性和重要性。