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T N Bosack 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1973,15(1):77-85
Two experiments were conducted with human newborns to compare sucking behavior under nutritive and nonnutritive sucking conditions using several fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. Results showed that: (1) nutritive sucking produces higher over-all sucking rates but lower within-burst rates, (2) burst lengths are longer during nutritive than nonnutritive sucking, (3) fewer bursts per unit time occur during nutritive sucking, (4) fluid termination following nutritive sucking produces a sharp response decrement, suggestive of a negative contrast effect when compared with sucking rates under continuous no-fluid sucking. Response diminution occurs in the first 2–3 min of sucking under all conditions, reflecting the necessity of control comparisons in studies documenting sucking change under changing stimulus or reinforcement conditions. 相似文献
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Food and water deprived and satiated subjects, as well as control subjects, were shown words presented tachistoscopically for .01 sec until word recognition. Five food-relevant, five water-relevant, and five neutral (animal) words of high string frequency were matched for letter confusability and letter predictability. Analyses of the data, in terms of number of presentations until recognition as well as number of words recognized at selected presentations, revealed that the amount but not the type of deprivation significantly altered word recognition. Moreover, the effect of motivation was significant already on the first slide presentation, while the effects of word characteristics (word category and generated value) occurred only after a number of presentations. 相似文献
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The experiment was designed to find the shape of food satiation curves of the pigeon as a function of hours of deprivation or percentage of free-feeding weight, and to study the fluctuation in free-feeding weight as a function of deprivation and satiation. At a systematically and progressively increased number of hours'' deprivation, eight birds were allowed to satiate on grain presented contingent upon the emission of a pecking response. In the second part of the experiment, in which two birds were used, a similar procedure was followed except that the independent variable was percentage of free-feeding weight. These were the conclusions.1. Approximately 64% of the satiation curves were classified as straight with an abrupt stop. The next highest percentage of curves was 18% for curves classified as straight with a curvilinear stop. No “classic” satiation curves, curvilinear with curvilinear stop, were found.2. The pigeons responded at fairly constant rate during the early part of each satiation session, or they did not respond at all. The critical weight, above which they did not respond, was 85% of free feeding. 相似文献
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D. C. Martin D. Borg-breen J. C. Martin A. P. Streissguth 《Behavior research methods》1990,22(4):393-401
An on-line Basic computer program with on-line monitor prompts and read-out collects, stores, and digitizes pressure and latency of sucking responses for later analyses. The program and analog equipment are described, and approximate costs are noted. 相似文献