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1.
We examined the relationship between meditation experience, psychological mindfulness, quiet ego characteristics, and self-reported
physical health in a diverse sample of adults with a range of Buddhist experience (N = 117) gathered from a web-based survey administered to Buddhist practitioners around the world between August 1, 2007 and
January 31, 2008. Practicing meditation on a regular basis and greater experience with Buddhism was related to higher psychological
mindfulness scores. Psychological mindfulness was correlated with a latent variable called “quiet ego characteristics” that
reflected measures based on Bauer and Wayment’s (Transcending self-interest: psychological explorations of the quiet ego.
American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp 7–19, 2008) conceptual and multidimensional definition of a “quiet ego”: wisdom, altruism, sense of interdependence with all living
things, need for structure (reversed), anger/verbal aggression (reversed), and negative affectivity (reversed). In turn, quiet
ego characteristics were positively related to self-reported health. Our findings provide continuing support for the key role
psychological mindfulness may play in psychological and physical well-being. 相似文献
2.
Hanne Schoofs Dirk Hermans Filip Raes 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(4):609-617
Previous research has shown that depressive rumination is an important vulnerability factor for experiencing depressive symptoms.
The most widely used measure to assess depressive rumination is the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS). According to Treynor
et al. (Cognitive Therapy and Research 27:247–259, 2003), the RRS contains two subscales, reflecting two different rumination subcomponents: brooding and reflection. The present
study examined the psychometric properties of the RRS in two samples (N = 432 and N = 407). Based on a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), results confirmed that a two-dimensional model with brooding and reflection
factors provided an adequate fit to the data. Reliability, convergent and discriminant validity of the rumination subcomponents
were appropriate. Furthermore, brooding but not reflection predicted depressive symptoms prospectively, even when accounting
for concurrent depressive feelings. The results provide the first confirmatory factor-analytical support for the widely assumed
two-factor model of the RRS and add to the accumulating body of evidence supporting the multidimensional nature of depressive
rumination. 相似文献
3.
Prejudices against minorities are still a cause of inter-ethnic conflict and violence, although their expression has changed
from blatant to more subtle forms. There has been a shortage of valid and reliable German-language scales for the measurement
of contemporary racial prejudices. The Racial Argument Scale (RAS; Saucier & Miller Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
35:433–450, 2003) measures contemporary prejudice indirectly by asking respondents to judge how well given arguments support a conclusion.
This scale was adapted to the German context with Turks as the target group. A validation study using a diverse sample of
German adults (N = 194) attests to the reliability and construct validity of the German RAS (RAS-G). The adapted instrument is thus suitable
for the indirect measurement of prejudice in German-speaking samples. 相似文献
4.
Amit Bernstein Samuel Jurado Cárdenas Patricia Edith Campos Coy Michael J. Zvolensky 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(4):491-500
The aim of the present study was to evaluate a factor mixture-based taxonic-dimensional model of anxiety sensitivity (AS)
(Bernstein et al. Behavior Therapy 41:515-521, 2010), as measured by the ASI-3 (Taylor et al. Psychological Assessment 19:176-188, 2007), in regard to panic attacks, anxiety symptoms, and behavioral impairment among a university sample (N = 150, n
females
= 107, M
age = 21.3 years, SD = 4.3) and a clinical sample (N = 150, n
females
= 102, M
age = 39.0 years, SD = 12.0) from Mexico City, Mexico. Findings demonstrated cross-national support for the conceptual and operational utility
of the AS taxonic-dimensional hypothesis (Bernstein et al. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 20:1-22, 2007b). Specifically, (1) the FMM-based AS taxon class base rate was significantly greater among the clinical relative to the university
sample; (2) risk for panic attacks was significantly greater among the AS taxon class relative to the AS normative class;
and (3) continuous individual differences in AS physical and psychological concerns, within the AS taxon class, were associated
with level of risk for panic attacks, as well as panic attack severity and anxiety symptom levels. Similar AS taxonic-dimensional
effects were observed in relation to degree of behavioral impairment across domains of functioning. The study results are
discussed with respect to their implications for better understanding the nature of AS-related cognitive vulnerability for
panic and related anxiety psychopathology. 相似文献
5.
Willoughby MT Waschbusch DA Moore GA Propper CB 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(1):19-30
This study evaluated a five-item screening measure of Callous Unemotional (CU) traits using items drawn from the Preschool
Form of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). Using data from the Durham Child Health and Development
study (N = 178), confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that CU items could be distinguished from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant (ODD) items. The two-year stability (N = 137) of CU (ϕ = .84) was comparable to that of ADHD (ϕ = .79) and ODD (ϕ = .69). Three groups of children were selected based on parent-rated ODD and CU behaviors at the 36-month assessment (N = 37; ODD+CU, N = 7; ODD-only, N = 12; non-ODD, N = 18). Multiple measures of infant temperament predicted group membership with 84% accuracy. Consistent with Frick and Morris’
(Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 33(1):54–68, 2004) hypotheses, ODD+CU and ODD-only children exhibited temperamental profiles in infancy that were consistent with low fear
and emotionally dysregulated pathways into conduct problems, respectively. 相似文献
6.
A Masuda M Price RD Latzman 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(1):107-115
Psychological flexibility and mindfulness are two related, but distinct, regulation processes that have been shown to be at
the core of psychological wellbeing. The current study investigated whether these two processes independently moderated the
association between disordered eating cognitions and psychological distress as well as the relation between disordered eating
cognitions and disordered eating behaviors. Non-clinical, ethnically diverse college undergraduates completed a web-based
survey. Of 278 participants (nfemale = 208; nmale = 70) aged 18–24 years old, disordered eating cognitions, mindfulness, and psychological flexibility were related to psychological
distress after controlling for gender, ethnicity, and body mass index. Disordered eating cognitions and mindfulness accounted
for unique variance in disordered eating behaviors. Finally, mindfulness was found to moderate the association between disordered
eating cognitions and disordered eating behaviors. 相似文献
7.
Michael S. Christopher Brennan D. Gilbert 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(1):10-23
Self-report measures of mindfulness have consistently demonstrated positive relationships with well-being and inverse relationships
with depression symptoms. The goal of this study was to extend the existing literature to include a test of the incremental
validity of the components of mindfulness (as measured by the four factors of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills
[KIMS]; Baer et al. Assessment, 11, 191–206, 2004) and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown and Ryan Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848, 2003) in the prediction of satisfaction with life (relative to self-esteem) and depression (relative to negative cognitions) among
a sample of 365 college students. Results revealed only KIMS Observe accounted for a significant amount variance relative
to self-esteem in the prediction of satisfaction with life, and in the prediction of depression symptoms, only KIMS Accept
without Judgment accounted for a significant amount of variance relative to negative cognitions. These results are discussed
in relation to the measurement of mindfulness and methods used to assess the validity of these scales. 相似文献
8.
Francesca Shipp G. Leonard Burns Chris Desmul 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(4):557-564
Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the construct validity of an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention,
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional defiant disorder toward adults, academic
and social competence factor model with teacher ratings of Thai adolescents (n = 872) with the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory. The five-factor model resulted in an adequate fit in
an absolute sense (i.e., CFI = .960; TLI = .985; RMSEA = .065; and WRMR = .883). All the items had significant and substantial
loadings on their respective factors (i.e., > .78) with the five-factors showing discriminant validity. The five-factor model
also resulted in similar results for boys and girls separately as well as younger and older adolescents. The current findings
with the teacher version of the measure in conjunction with earlier research with mothers’ and fathers’ ratings of Brazilian,
Thai, and American children (Burns et al., Psychological Assessment, 20, 121-130, 2008) and Thai adolescents (Burns et al., Psychological Assessment, 21, 635-641, 2009) provide increasing support for the construct validity of Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory within multiple
cultures. Procedures are also outlined to improve the content validity as well as test the construct validity of forthcoming
parent and teacher DSM-V ADHD/ODD rating scales. 相似文献
9.
Rapson Gomez 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(3):303-314
The study used multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) procedures
to examine the measurement and construct equivalencies for father and mother ratings of ADHD symptoms, recoded as binary scores.
Fathers (N = 387) and mothers (N = 411) rated their primary school-aged children on the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (Barkley & Murphy, 1998). For the multiple-group CFA analyses, the results involving differences in practical fit indices supported full measurement
and construct equivalencies, whereas the chi-square difference test showed lack of equivalency in five symptoms for factor
loadings, four symptoms for error variance, and the variance and mean scores for the hyperactivity-impulsivity factor. For
the MIMIC analyses, six symptoms lacked equivalency for thresholds. These findings extend existing data in this area. The
theoretical, psychometric and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Lopez-Duran NL Olson SL Hajal NJ Felt BT Vazquez DM 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(2):169-182
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) reactivity
and proactive and reactive aggression in pre-pubertal children. After a 30-min controlled base line period, 73 7-year-old
children (40 males and 33 females) were randomly assigned to one of two experimental tasks designed to elicit fear (N = 33) or frustration (N = 32), or a validity check condition (N = 8). This was followed by a 60-min controlled regulation phase. A total of 17 saliva samples for cortisol analysis were
collected including 12 post-stress samples at 5-min intervals. Reactive and proactive aggression levels were assessed via
the teacher-completed Aggression Behavior Teacher Checklist (Dodge and Coie, J Pers Soc Psychol, 53(6), 1146–1158, 1987). Reactive aggression significantly predicted total and peak post-stress cortisol regardless of stress modality. Proactive
aggression was not a predictor of any cortisol index. Examination of pure reactive, proactive, combined, or non-aggressive
children indicated that reactive aggressive children had higher cortisol reactivity than proactive and non-aggressive children.
Our data suggest that while an overactive HPA-axis response to stress is associated with reactive aggression, stress induced
HPA-axis variability does not seem to be related to proactive aggression. 相似文献
11.
Quincy J. J. Wong Michelle L. Moulds 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(2):273-284
Clark and Wells’ (1995) model of social phobia proposes that there are three types of maladaptive self-beliefs responsible for persistent social
anxiety (high standard, conditional, and unconditional beliefs). Although these beliefs are theoretically important, there
currently is not a validated measure of these beliefs in the social anxiety literature. Hence, the Self-Beliefs Related to
Social Anxiety (SBSA) Scale was developed (Wong & Moulds, 2010a) and its psychometric properties were examined in the current study using a non-clinical sample (N = 600). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses ultimately indicated that a correlated three-factor solution optimally
summarized the data with the three factors corresponding to the three belief types. The SBSA and its three subscales demonstrated
good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as convergent and divergent validity. The SBSA thus appears
to have good psychometric properties and is appropriate for use in non-clinical samples. The potential applications of the
SBSA and avenues for future research are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Mandy Robbins Leslie J. Francis Bethan Edwards 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(2):89-94
The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) was developed by Hills and Argyle (2002) to provide a more accessible equivalent measure of the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). The aim of the present study was
to examine the internal consistency reliability, and construct validity of this new instrument alongside the Eysenckian dimensional
model of personality. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was completed by a sample of 131 undergraduate students together
with the abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The data demonstrated good internal consistency
reliability (alpha = .92) and good construct validity in terms of positive association with extraversion (r = .38 p < .001) and negative association with neuroticism (r = −.57 p < .001). The kind of happiness measured by the OHQ is clearly associated with stable extraversion. 相似文献
13.
The mindfulness at work literature lacks a multi-faceted measure of mindfulness that is applicable in the work context. Building on predominantly clinically oriented, multi-faceted mindfulness measures, we aimed to develop and validate such a measure and to provide first insights into differential validities of mindfulness subfacets for work outcomes. Data from seven work samples (overall n = 4,977) provided support that (a) a 4-factor structure representing the subfacets of Describing, Nonreactivity, Nonjudging, and Act with Awareness replicates across samples; (b) subfacets and overall scale have good internal consistency and retest reliability; (c) the measure demonstrates convergent and discriminant validity; (d) it demonstrates criterion-related validity for well-being, motivational, and interpersonal work outcomes; (e) the Mindfulness@Work Scale explains variance in outcome variables above a unidimensional measures of mindfulness supporting its incremental validity. Furthermore, relative weights and incremental validity analyses revealed differential validities of subfacets of the Mindfulness@Work Scale in relation to positive psychological states versus psychological distress. Overall, findings suggest that the Mindfulness@Work Scale has good psychometric properties and that a differentiation of subfacets provides novel insights into the role of mindfulness for work outcomes. 相似文献
14.
Breast and global body dissatisfaction were examined in Asian (n = 237), European (n = 196), Hispanic (n = 109), and African (n = 58) American college women. Asian American women reported the lowest body satisfaction on the Appearance Evaluation Scale
(Cash, T. F. The multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire users’ manual: 3rd revision, 2000) and greatest breast dissatisfaction on one of two breast dissatisfaction measures. Ethnic differences in breast dissatisfaction,
but not in body dissatisfaction, disappeared when body size (BMI) was statistically controlled. Results were consistent with
research showing that (1) ethnic differences in body dissatisfaction are small, (2) studies of ethnic differences must include
appropriate controls for total or specific body size, and (3) Asian college women report lower global body satisfaction than
women of African, European, or Hispanic heritage.
For additional papers and information, please contact David Frederick at enderflies1@aol.com, visit his website at or contact Gordon B. Forbes at gforbes@millikin.edu. 相似文献
15.
Stefan K. Schmertz Page L. Anderson Diana L. Robins 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(1):60-66
Validation of self-report mindfulness measures has been promising, although comparisons with non-self-report instruments are
lacking. Because past research suggests that mindfulness training is associated with improved attention, this study predicted
that higher self-report mindfulness would be positively related to performance on tasks of sustained attention. Fifty undergraduates
completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS), the Cognitive
and Affective Mindfulness Scale, Revised (CAMS-R), and performed the Continuous Performance Test II (CPT-II) and the Paced
Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Mindfulness scores, as measured by the MAAS and CAMS-R, were negatively related to
target omissions on the CPT-II (ps ≤ 0.001), but were not related to PASAT performance (ps ≥ 0.11). Scores on the KIMS were not related to the CPT-II or PASAT (ps ≥ 0.15). Results suggest that self-report mindfulness is related to exaggerated lapses of attention, as measured by the
CPT-II. 相似文献
16.
Randall T. Salekin Sara A. Debus Edward D. Barker 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(4):501-514
Given the consideration of callousness as a specifier for Conduct Disorder in the DSM-V, it seems imperative that researchers
continue to investigate this personality style in adolescents to determine both its applicability and utility. The present
study examined the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI; Andershed et al. 2002) and the Interpersonal Adjective Scale Revised-Big 5 (IASR-B5; Trapnell and Wiggins 1990a, b) psychopathy scales in relation to the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Using a sample of adolescent offenders (N = 145), the YPI and IASR-B5 psychopathy scales showed adequate reliability and strong inverse bivariate relations with the
FFM domains of Agreeableness (−A) and Conscientiousness (−C). Multivariate analyses, at the facet level, revealed that Tendermindedness
(−A) and Assertiveness (+E) explained the association between FFM facets and the YPI, whereas Altruism (−A), Modesty (−A),
Straightforwardness (−A), Assertiveness (+E), Warmth (−E), and Deliberation (+C) all uniquely contributed to the IASR-B5 psychopathy
scale. Both measures were linked with general and violent recidivism. The authors discuss the implications of these findings
in terms of the use of personality to help describe conduct problem youth and the need for future research in this important
area. 相似文献
17.
Karla G. Van Leeuwen Angèle Fauchier Murray A. Straus 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(2):216-231
This study examines the advisability to distinguish dimensions of discipline, by evaluating the Dimensions of Discipline Inventory
(DDI, Straus and Fauchier 2007) in a sample of Belgian undergraduate students (N = 371) who retrospectively reported on their mothers’ and fathers’ discipline behaviors aimed at correcting child misbehavior
at age 10. First, confirmatory factor analyses showed that a model with nine factors fitted the data best, but also a model
with four second-order factors was acceptable. Second, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis with a Belgian and a U.S.
sample (N = 633) provided additional evidence for the nine-factor structure. Correlations between DDI scales and other parenting related
variables demonstrated meaningful relations. Additionally, some DDI subscales were associated with measures of current problem
behavior. To conclude, the present study illustrated that it is both useful and possible to differentiate between discipline
constructs. 相似文献
18.
Adrian Furnham 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(4):225-239
In all, 187 participants completed a new, self-report measure of eight multiple intelligences (Haselbauer 2005), a General Knowledge test (Irwing et al. Personality and Individual Differences 30:857–871, 2001), a measure of Approaches to Learning Styles (Biggs 1987), a measure of the Big Five personality traits (Costa and McCrae 1992), as well as gave their own estimated scores on the Gardner (1999) multiple intelligences. Alpha co-efficients were modest with only three of the eight test-derived, multiple intelligence
scores being over .70. ‘Linguistic’ and Mathematical intelligence alone were correlated with General Knowledge. Five of the
eight ‘intelligences’ were correlated both with Extraversion and Openness. Regressions indicated that ‘Intrapersonal intelligence’
was closely linked with Stability and Conscientiousness; ‘Interpersonal intelligence’ with Extraversion; ‘Linguistic intelligence’
with Openness; ‘Mathematical intelligence’ with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Correlations between self-estimated and
test-derived emotional intelligence showed correlations ranging from r = .18 to r = .56 for similar type ‘intelligences’. This study provides modest evidence for the concurrent and construct validity of
this measure. It requires more psychometric evidence of validity before it is used. 相似文献
19.
The extensive research on date rape attitudes and experiences has left sexual consent itself largely unexamined. The objective
of this study was to develop a measure to assess women’s and men’s attitudes and behaviors regarding sexual consent. Using
both focus groups (N = 18) and a mail survey (N = 514) of undergraduate students at a Canadian university, two scales of sexual consent were developed: (1) a Sexual Consent
Attitudes Scale, and (2) a Sexual Consent Behaviors Scale. Preliminary psychometric evidence suggested good reliability and
validity. As hypothesized, women, more than men, preferred a more cautious approach to sexual consent by stressing the need
to obtain consent more explicitly. Multiple regression analyses supported a reciprocal relationship between sexual consent
attitudes and sexual consent behaviors. 相似文献
20.
The present study was designed to examine mindfulness and stress levels in beginner and advanced practitioners of Hatha Yoga.
Participants (N = 52) were recruited through Hatha Yoga schools local to western Massachusetts. Beginner practitioners (n = 24) were designated as those with under 5 years (M = 3.33) experience and advanced practitioners (n = 28) as those with over 5 years (M = 14.53) experience in Hatha Yoga. The participants completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown and Ryan 2003) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen et al. 1983) directly preceding a regularly scheduled Hatha Yoga class. Based on two independent-samples t-tests, advanced participants scored significantly higher in mindfulness levels (P < .05) and significantly lower in stress levels (P < .05) when compared to beginner participants. Additionally, a significant negative correlation (r = −.45, P = .00) was found between mindfulness and stress levels. No significant correlations were found between experience levels
and mindfulness and stress levels. Hatha Yoga may be an effective technique for enhancing mindfulness and decreasing stress
levels in practitioners. 相似文献