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1.
The quantitative significance of the underutilization of immigrant skills may be assessed, albeit imprecisely, in human-capital earnings analysis. Earnings deficits of immigrants may arise from: (a) lower immigrant skill quality, (b) underutilization of immigrant skills, and (c) pay inequities for immigrants doing the same work as native-born Canadians. Consistent with numerous studies, data from the 1996 census micro-data show that underutilization of immigrant skills is significant, though less so than unequal pay within occupations. In 1996 dollars, the total annual immigrant earnings deficit from all three sources was 15.0 billion, of which15.0 billion, of which 2.4 billion was related to skill underutilization, and 12.6 billion was related to pay inequity. Discussion considers adjustments to these estimates, taking account of difficulties measuring the skill levels of occupations and immigrant skill quality. < / div > < div class=Ä bstract» < a name=Ä bs2» < / a > La signification quantitative de la sous- utilisation des qualifications immigré es peut ê tre é valué e, quoique sans pré cision, dans l¢ analyse humain- capitale de revenus. Les dé ficits de revenus des immigré s peuvent surgir de: ( a) la qualité immigré e infé rieure de compé tence, ( b) sous- utilisation des qualifications immigré es, et ( c) injustices de salaire pour des immigré s faisant la mê me chose fonctionnent les Canadiens indigè nesoutenus. Conformé aux nombreuses é tudes, donné es des micro- donné es 1996 de recensement prouvent que la sous- utilisation des qualifications immigré es est significative, cependant moins ainsi que le salaire
112.6 billion was related to pay inequity. Discussion considers adjustments to these estimates, taking account of difficulties measuring the skill levels of occupations and immigrant skill quality. 相似文献
2.
Book reviewed: Idolatry and Representation: The Philosophy of Franz Rosenzweig Reconsidered by Leora Batnitzky (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000) x + 281 pp. Reviewed by Charles T. Mathewes Department of Religious StudiesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesville, VA 22904‐4126SA Violence, Hospitality, and the Cross: Reappropriating the Atonement Tradition by Hans Boersma (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2004) + 288 pp. Reviewed by Gladstone H. Stevens, S.S. St. Mary's Seminary and University5400 Roland Ave.Baltimore, MD 21210USA The Creativity of God: World, Eucharist, Reason by Oliver Davies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) xi + 210 pp. Reviewed by Matthew Levering Ave Maria University1025 Commons CircleNaples, Florida 34119USA Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity by Larry W. Hurtado (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003) xxii + 745 pp. Reviewed by Stephen Fowl Department of TheologyLoyola College in Maryland4501 N. Charles StreetBaltimore, MD 21210USA Culture and the Thomist Tradition after Vatican II by Tracey Rowland (London and New York: Routledge, 2003) xiv + 226 pp. Reviewed by Joseph Wawrykow Department of TheologyUniversity of Notre DameNotre Dame, Indiana46556USA Spinoza's Revelation: Religion, Democracy, and Reason by Nancy K. Levene (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) xxii + 256pp. Reviewed by Martin Kavka Department of ReligionFlorida State UniversityTallahassee, FL 32306‐1520USA Religion and the Domestication of Dissent: Or How to Live in a Less than Perfect Nation by Russell T. McCutcheon (London: Equinox, 2005) xi + 123 pp. Reviewed by Stefan Skrimshire 75 Rockdove AvenueHulmeManchesterM15 5EHUK Furthering Humanity: A Theology of Culture by Timothy Gorringe (Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2004) vi + 283 pp. Reviewed by J. Matthew Ashley Department of TheologyUniversity of Notre DameNotre Dame, IN 46556USA Flannery O’Connor and the Christ‐Haunted South by Ralph C. Wood (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2004) xii + 272 pp. Reviewed by Frederick C. Bauerschmidt Department of TheologyLoyola College4501 N. Charles StreetBaltimore, MD 21210USA 相似文献
3.
La signification quantitative de la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées peut être évaluée, quoique sans précision,
dans l'analyse humain-capitale de revenus. Les déficits de revenus des immigrés peuvent surgir de: (a) la qualité immigrée
inférieure de compétence, (b) sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées, et (c) injustices de salaire pour des immigrés
faisant la même chose fonctionnent les Canadiens indigènesoutenus. Conformé aux nombreuses études, données des micro-données
1996 de recensement prouvent que la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées est significative, cependant moins ainsi
que le salaire inégal dans des métiers. En 1996 dollars, tout le déficit immigré annuel de revenus de chacune des trois sources
était 15,0 milliards, dont15,0 milliards, dont 2,4 milliards ont été liés à la sous-utilisation de compétence, et 12,6 milliards ont é té lié s à l¢ injustice de salaire. La discussion considè re des ajustements à ces é valuations, tenant compte des difficulté s mesurant les niveaux de compé tence des mé tiers et de la qualité immigré e de compé tence. < / div > < div class=Ä bstract» < a name=Ä bs2» < / a > The quantitative significance of the underutilization of immigrant skills may be assessed, albeit imprecisely, in human- capital earnings analysis. Earnings deficits of immigrants may arise from: ( a) lower immigrant skill quality, ( b) underutilization of immigrant skills, and ( c) pay inequities for immigrants doing the same work native- born Canadians. Consistent with numerous studies, data from the 1996 census micro- data show that underutilization of immigrant skills is significant, though less so than unequal pay within occupations. In 1996 dollars, the total annual immigrant earnings deficit from all three sources was12,6 milliards ont été liés
à l'injustice de salaire. La discussion considère des ajustements à ces évaluations, tenant compte des difficultés mesurant
les niveaux de compétence des métiers et de la qualité immigrée de compétence. 相似文献
4.
Summary The sentential calculi R, under discussion, are axiomatizable and implication is among their primitive terms. The modus ponens and the rule of substitution
are their primitive rules. By S
r
is denoted the set of sentences obtained from the formulae of the calculus R by substituting sentences of a given language for all variables. The variables x, y, z ... represent the elements of the set S
r
, the variables X, Y, Z ... represent the subsets of S
R
. The formula cxy designates an implication with x as its antecedent and y as its consequent, cxy is always an element of S
R
δ(X) means, that X is closed with respect to the modus ponens rule. A
R
designates the class of all S
R
-substitutions of the axioms of the sentential calculus R. 相似文献
5.
Book reviewed: Silence and the Word, edited by Oliver Davies and Denys Turner (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) xii + 227 pp. Reviewed by Jeffrey McCurry Graduate Program in ReligionDuke UniversityDurham, NC 27708USA Augustine and Modernity by Michael Hanby (London and New York: Routledge, 2003) xii + 292 pp. Reviewed by John Cavadini Department of TheologyUniversity of Notre DameNotre Dame, IN 46556USA Levinas, Judaism and the Feminine: the silent footsteps of Rebecca by Claire Elise Katz (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2004) xvi + 199 pp. Reviewed by Randi Rashkover Religious StudiesYork College of PennsylvaniaYork, PA 17405‐7199USA Radical Evil: A Philosophical Interrogation, by Richard J. Bernstein (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2002) xi + 289 pp. Reviewed by Michael Hoelzl Department of Religions and TheologyUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester, M13 9PLUK Genealogy of Nihilism: Philosophies of Nothing and the Difference of Theology by Conor Cunningham (London: Routledge, 2002) xviii + 303 pp. Reviewed by John R. Betz Department of TheologyLoyola College in MarylandBaltimore, MD 21210USA Wie Machbar ist der Mensch? Eine philosophische und theologische Orientierung, edited by Holger Zaborowski (Mainz: Matthias‐Grünewald‐Verlag, 2003) + 228 pp. Reviewed by Michael Mack Department of Germanic StudiesThe University of SydneyA‐17 Mungo MacCullum BuildingNSW 2006AUSTRALIA The Ark of Speech by Jean‐Louis Chrétien (London and New York: Routledge, 2004) v + 170 pp. Reviewed by Mary‐Jane Rubenstein Columbia UniversityDepartment of Religion80 Claremont AvenueNew York, NY 10027USA Bonds of Imperfection: Christian Politics, Past and Present by Oliver O’Donovan and Joan Lockwood O’Donovan (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2004) vi + 324 pp. Reviewed by Daniel M. Bell, Jr. Lutheran Theological Southern SeminaryColumbia, SC 29203USA Edward Schillebeeckx: A Theologian in His History. Volume I: A Catholic Theology of Culture (1914–1965) by Erik Borgman, translated by John Bowden (London and New York: Continuum, 2003) xii + 468 pp. Reviewed by Lieven Boeve Faculty of TheologyKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenSint‐Michielsstraat 63000 LeuvenBELGIUM Religion, Theology and the Human Sciences by Richard H. Roberts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) xiv + 334 pp. Reviewed by John C. McDowell New CollegeMound PlaceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH1 2LXSCOTLAND 相似文献
6.
Book reviewed: Truly Our Sister: A Theology of Mary in the Communion of Saints by Elizabeth A. Johnson (London and New York: Continuum, 2003), xviii + 379 pp. Reviewed by Ann Loades Department of TheologyAbbey HousePalace GreenUniversity of DurhamDurham DH1 3RSUK The Rhetorical Word: Protestant Theology and the Rhetoric of Authority by Theo Hobson (Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate, 2002), + 217 pp. Reviewed by Wes Avram Yale University Divinity School409 Prospect StreetNew Haven, CT 06410U.S.A. Word and Supplement: Speech Acts, Biblical Texts, and the Sufficiency of Scripture by Timothy Ward (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), x + 332 pp. Reviewed by Nicholas Wolterstorff Yale University Divinity School409 Prospect StreetNew Haven, CT 06410U.S.A. Preface to Theology: Christology and Theological Method by John Howard Yoder, edited by Alex Sider, Peter Dula, and Stanley Hauerwas (Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2002), + 431 pp. Reviewed by Glen H. Stassen Fuller Theological SeminaryPasadena, CA 91182USA Will There Be Free Will in Heaven? Freedom, Impeccability and Beatitude by Simon Francis Gaine (London: T&T Clark, 2003), xi + 137 pp. Reviewed by Robert Barron Mundelein SeminaryMundelein, Ill 60060USA Conversion In American Philosophy: Exploring the Practice of Transformation by Roger A. Ward (New York, NY: Fordham University Press, 2004), xli + 235 pp. Reviewed by Donald L. Gelpi, S. J. The Jesuit School of Theology at Berkeley1735 LeRoy AvenueBerkeley, CA 94709USA Lying: An Augustinian Theology of Duplicity by Paul J. Griffiths (Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2004), + 254 pp. Reviewed by Oliver O’Donovan Christ ChurchOxford OX1 1DPUK Transcendence and Self‐Transcendence: On God and the Soul by Merold Westphal (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2004), xiv + 235 pp. Reviewed by Cyril O’Regan Department of TheologyUniversity of Notre DameNotre Dame, IN 46556USA Interpreting the Bible and the Constitution by Jaroslav Pelikan (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004), xiii + 216 pp. Reviewed by H. Jefferson Powell Duke Divinity School & Duke Law SchoolPO Box 90360Durham NC 27708USA Alien Sex: The Body and Desire in Cinema and Theology by Gerard Loughlin (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004), xxx + 306 pp. Reviewed by George Pattison Christ ChurchOxford, OX1 1DPUK 相似文献
7.
The aim of this paper is to offer a rigorous explication of statements ascribing ability to agents and to develop the logic of such statements. A world is said to be feasible iff it is compatible with the actual past-and-present. W is a P-world iff W is feasible and P is true in W (where P is a proposition). P is a sufficient condition for Q iff every P world is a Q world. P is a necessary condition for Q iff Q is a sufficient condition for P. Each individual property S is shown to generate a rule for an agent X. X heeds S iff X makes all his future choices in accordance with S. (Note that X may heed S and yet fail to have it). S is a P-strategy for X iff X's heeding S together with P is a necessary and sufficient condition for X to have S. ( P-strategies are thus rules which X is able to implement on the proviso P). Provisional opportunity: X has the opportunity to A provided P iff there is an S such that S is a P-strategy for X and X's implementing S is a sufficient condition for X's doing A. P is etiologically complete iff for every event E which P reports P also reports an etiological ancestry of E, and P is true. Categorical opportunity: X has the opportunity to A iff there is a P such that P is etiologically complete and X has the opportunity to A provided P. For X to have the ability to A there must not only be an appropriate strategy, but X must have a command of that strategy. X steadfastly intends A iff X intends A at every future moment at which his doing A is not yet inevitable. X has a command of S w.r.t. A and P iff X's steadfastly intending A together with P is a sufficient condition for X to implement S. Provisional ability: X can A provided P iff there is an S such that S is a P-strategy for X, X's implementing S is a sufficient condition for X's doing A, and X has a command of S w.r.t. A and P. Categorical ability: X can A iff there is a P such that P is etiologically complete and X can A provided P. X is free w.r.t. to A iff X can A and X can non- A. X is free iff there is an A such that X is free w.r.t. A. 相似文献
8.
Given an intermediate prepositional logic L, denote by L
–d
its disjuctionless fragment. We introduce an infinite sequence { J
n} n1 of propositional formulas, and prove:(1) For any
L: L
–d
= I
–d
( I= intuitionistic logic) if and only if J
n L
for every n 1.Since it turns out that L{ J
n}
n1 = Ø for any L having the disjunction property, we obtain as a corollary that L
–d
= I
–d
for every L
with d.p. (cf. open problem 7.19 of [5]). Algebraic semantic is used in the proof of the if part of (1). In the last section of the paper we provide a characterization in Kripke's semantic for the logics J
n
= I+ + J
n
( n 1). 相似文献
9.
This paper introduces the logic QLETF, a quantified extension of the logic of evidence and truth LETF, together with a corresponding sound and complete first-order non-deterministic valuation semantics. LETF is a paraconsistent and paracomplete sentential logic that extends the logic of first-degree entailment (FDE) with a classicality operator ∘ and a non-classicality operator ∙, dual to each other: while ∘A entails that A behaves classically, ∙A follows from A’s violating some classically valid inferences. The semantics of QLETF combines structures that interpret negated predicates in terms of anti-extensions with first-order non-deterministic valuations, and completeness is obtained through a generalization of Henkin’s method. By providing sound and complete semantics for first-order extensions of FDE, K3, and LP, we show how these tools, which we call here the method of anti-extensions + valuations, can be naturally applied to a number of non-classical logics. 相似文献
10.
Objective:
To develop and evaluate a decision aid designed to prepare patients of advanced maternal age for counseling about prenatal diagnostic testing.
Setting:
A regional genetics center.
Design:
A before/after study.
Interventions:
Participants used an audioguided workbook to learn about options and outcomes and to clarify personal risks, values, questions, and predispositions.
Subjects:
21 women of advanced maternal age and 17 spouses.
Main outcome measures:
Knowledge of prenatal testing alternatives, decisional conflict, level of anxiety, and acceptability of the decision aid.
Results:
After using the decision aid, participants had significantly reduced decisional conflict (uncertainty) and a significant increase in knowledge. There was no effect on state or trait anxiety. More than three-quarters of participants were satisfied with the length, clarity, balance, and acceptability of the decision aid.
Conclusions:
The decision aid shows promise as a useful aid for preparing couples for counseling. 相似文献
11.
Consider an old test X consisting of s sections and two new tests Y and Z similar to X consisting of p and q sections respectively. All subjects are given test X plus two variable sections from either test Y or Z. Different pairings of variable sections are given to each subsample of subjects. We present a method of estimating the covariance matrix of the combined test ( X
1, ..., X
s
, Y
1, ..., Y
p
, Z
1, ..., Z
q
) and describe an application of these estimation techniques to linear, observed-score, test equating.The author is indebted to Paul W. Holland and Donald B. Rubin for their encouragement and many helpful comments and suggestions that contributed significantly to the development of this paper.This research was supported by the Program Statistics Research Project of the ETS Research Statistics Group. 相似文献
12.
Let L be any modal or tense logic with the finite model property. For each m, define r
L
( m) to be the smallest number r such that for any formula A with m modal operators, A is provable in L if and only if A is valid in every L-model with at most r worlds. Thus, the function r
L
determines the size of refutation Kripke models for L. In this paper, we will give an estimation of r
L
( m) for some linear modal and tense logics L. 相似文献
14.
Given three variables, x, y, z, univariate selection on x, usually reduces the correlation r
y z
. However, in some cases, when r
x y
or r
x z
assumes extreme values, r
y z
may increase. This reversal is explained by comparison to the effects of suppressor variables and predictors of predictability. 相似文献
15.
Human Resource Development Videotape Series—Life Skills Carkhuff, Robert R., Amherst Videotapes: Helping Model Module Attending Skills Module Responding Skills Module Personalizing Skills Module Initiating Skills Module The Case of Jerry The Case of Jane The Case of Manny Robert R. Carkhuff. The Art of Helping Robert R. Carkhuff, and Richard M. Pierce. Trainer's Guide: The Art of Helping. Behavioral Counseling (8 16mm color films) Hosford, Ray E. Films: Identifying the Problem Observing and Recording Behavior Counseling Techniques: Social Modeling Counseling Techniques: Desensitization——Part I Formulating the Counseling Goal Counseling Techniques: Reinforcement Procedures Counseling Techniques: Assertive Training Counseling Techniques: Self-as-a Model Ray E. Hosford, and Louis A. J. M. deVisser. Behavioral Approaches to Counseling: An Introduction Systematic Videotraining for Beginning Helpers Allen E. Ivey and Norma B. Basic Attending Skills (2 1/2 hours videotape) Basic Influencing Skills (2 1/2 hours, videotape) Microcounseling: An Introduction (1 hour videotape), Rental includes permission to make a copy on one's own equipment. Norman Kagan. Interpersonal Process Recall: A Method of Influencing Human Interaction. Films: Unit 1 Elements of Facilitating Communication Unit 2 Affect Simulation, Film 1 Film 2 Unit 3 Interviewer Recall New Client, Film A-1 On-going Therapy, Film A-2 College Resident Advisor Curriculum Director, Film A-4 Unit 4 Inquirer Role and Function Unit 5 Client Recall A Mother, Film B-1 Junior High Student, Film B-2 A Couple, Film B-3 Unit 6 Mutual Recall Mother and Social Worker, Film C-1 Physician and Patient, Film C-2 Dating Couple, Film C-3 Health Team, Film C-4 Mother and Two Children, Film C-5 Intact Family, Film C-6 Classroom Team, Film C-7 Unit 7 IPR Theory—Discussion Norman Kagan, Interpersonal Process Recall: A Method of Influencing Human Interaction 相似文献
16.
Books reviewed: Kevin J. Vanhoozer, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Postmodern Theology.Reviewed by Mike Higton Simon Francis Gaine, Will There Be Free Will in Heaven? Freedom, Impeccability and Beatitude.Reviewed by Lindsey Hall Denys Turner, Faith, Reason and the Existence of God.Reviewed by Fergus Kerr Richard Cross, The Metaphysics of the Incarnation, Thomas Aquinas to Duns Scotus.Reviewed by Oliver Crisp Nicholas M. Healy, Thomas Aquinas: Theologian of the Christian Life.Reviewed by Iain Taylor Eleonore Stump, Aquinas.Reviewed by Iain Taylor Chris Fleming, René Girard: Violence and Mimesis.Reviewed by Bruce Hamill Hans Boersma, Violence, Hospitality, and the Cross: Reappropriating the Atonement Tradition.Reviewed by Ian A. McFarland Robert Sherman, King, Priest and Prophet: A Trinitarian Theology of Atonement.Reviewed by Thomas A. Price Gerrit Scott Dawson, Jesus Ascended: The Meaning of Christ's Continuing Incarnation.Reviewed by Sandra Fach Elizabeth Teresa Groppe, Yves Congar's Theology of the Holy Spirit.Reviewed by Paul M. Collins Jürgen Moltmann, Science and Wisdom.Reviewed by Peter Forster Eberhard Busch, The Great Passion: An Introduction to Karl Barth's Theology; Joseph L. Mangina, Karl Barth: Theologian of Christian Witness; Kurt Anders Richardson, Reading Karl Barth: New Directions for North American Theology.Reviewed by Mike Higton Wallace M. Alston Jr and Michael Welker, eds., Reformed Theology: Identity and Ecumenicity.Reviewed by Iain Taylor Reinhard Hütter, Bound to be Free: Evangelical Catholic Engagements in Ecclesiology, Ethics, and Ecumenism.Reviewed by Nicholas Healy Tuomo Mannermaa, Christ Present in Faith: Luther's View of Justification.Reviewed by Matt Jenson D.C. Schindler, Hans Urs von Balthasar and the Dramatic Structure of Truth.Reviewed by Cyril O’Regan 相似文献
17.
I examine the claim, made by some authors, that we sometimes acquire knowledge from falsehood. I focus on two representative cases in which a subject S infers a proposition q from a false proposition p. If S knows that q, I argue, S's false belief that p is not essential to S's cognition. S's knowledge is instead due to S's belief that p′, a proposition in the neighbourhood of p that S (dispositionally) believes (and knows). S thus knows despite her false belief. The widely accepted and plausible principle that inferential knowledge requires known premises is unscathed. 相似文献
18.
Abstract Vortex dynamics in La 1.86Sr 0.14CuO 4 have been studied by the measurement of ρc //i ( T, H), where ρc //i is the c-axis resistivity for H//i ( i = c or a-b). We argue that, at temperatures higher than the irreversibility temperature T irr, the usual vortex picture breaks down owing to the thermal motion of vortices, resulting in a T- and T in-dependent anisotropic parameter γ. After taking into account the dependence of γ on T and T irr, we show that at each given temperature we can rescale the ρc //a-b ( T, H) data onto the corresponding ρc //c ( T, H) curves. This scaling property clearly indicates that the Lorentz-force-free mechanism is responsible for ρc //a-b ( T, H). Furthermore, we also show that the measured ρc //a-b ( T, H) data can be explained in terms of the recently developed extended Josephson coupling model which is verified by rescaling ρc //a-b ( T) data for various fields onto a single curve. 相似文献
19.
The contribution to self-reported fears of individual differences in extraversion-introversion ( E) and neuroticism ( N) was studied in 102 female college students. Four groups of 20 Ss each were constituted - high E high N, high E low N, low E high N, and low E low N. A fear survey schedule and the Eysenck Personality Inventory were employed. By analysis of variance, total fear scores were a significant function of N but not E. Extreme or phobic fears were a significant function of neither personality dimensions, though the N effect approached conventional significance levels. Correlational analyses on the full sample confirmed these findings, except that a statistically significant though slight (6 percent) proportion of extreme fear variance was accountable by N. 相似文献
20.
Applications of Bayesian conditionalization often involve two temporal aspects: a probability judgment is based on knowledge at a point in time and is revised over time in light of added information. Let t, t′, and t″ designate three chronological points in time. E designates a target event which occurs or not at t″, and C designates a conditioning event which occurs or not at t′. Suppose that an individual judges P( EC) at t. If C occurs, Bayesian conditionalization requires that a judgment of P( E) at t′ is equal to the earlier judgment of P( EC). However, inconsistencies may result because a judgment of P( EC) at t is based on imagining C, while a judgment of P( E) at t′ is based on experiencing C. This study examines two sources of such inconsistencies. First, C normally is an abstraction of what might happen between t and t′. What actually happens may differ, such that an individual observes extraconditional information which affects a judgment of P( E) at t′. Second, experiencing C may change an individual's affective state, leading to greater optimism or pessimism about the occurrence of E. We report an experiment which documents both effects. 相似文献
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