L’enfant réfugié en consultation : quelques considérations cliniques sur l’évaluation interculturelle

This article provides some cues to develop intercultural competency in clinical practice with migrant children and their families. Specific difficulties of refugee children in terms of psychopathology, school achievement and acculturation process are pointed out. A clinical vignette concerning a psychological assessment of an 11-year-old girl is presented to illustrate critical points. Some strategies to improve clinician's ability to provide services to people from diverse cultural backgrounds are discussed.     

Validation de l’inventaire des habiletés politiques auprès d’une population occupant un poste de directions d’établissement scolaire

A single instrument was listed to measure political skills, defined as the understanding of others and the use of that knowledge to influence their actions. It was validated with employees, although political skills were more relevant to managers and, in particular, to school principals. A single study validated the psychometric properties of the instrument with managers showing that the dimensional structure would deploy in 5 factors unlike what is observed among employees, which is deployed in 4 factors. The purpose of this study is to verify whether the tool is reliable and has a distinct structure when employed with a population occupying a management position and more particularly school principals. A total of 304 school principals completed an electronic questionnaire. The results suggest a satisfactory dimensional structure in four factors and good fidelity, which invalidates the use of a separate structure for manager including school principal, as reported by Snell et al. (2013).     

Un instrument de mesure des pratiques éducatives parentales à l’adolescence : validation auprès d’adolescents du Québec et de France

This article reports the intercultural validation of a measuring instrument of parental practices. Participants are 722 adolescents (439 Quebecers and 283 French) aged between 11 and 17, with a mean age of 15.57 years. The instrument comprises six scales measuring adolescents’ perception of the parental practices of their mother and father: emotional closeness, parental rejection, parental tolerance towards peers, communication, control, and disciplinary styles of parents. The scales’ internal consistency is adequate. Confirmatory factor analyses (multigroup tests) indicate a satisfying factorial invariability, across the two cultures, for the vast majority of the 11 factors structuring the six scales of parental practices. This instrument is thus recommendable for developmental research with adolescents from Quebec and France.     

Dynamique identitaire et déclassement : les jeunes diplômés d’un Bac+5

The aim of this research was to study the impact of the over education suffered by a young woman holding a Master degree on her identity dynamics. We conducted an exploratory research using the IMIS (Zavalloni, 2007). Also based on the model of the dynamical system capability (Costalat-Founeau, 2008, 2013), this study demonstrated a dynamic identity marked by the difficulties in the professional integration process. Discourse analysis also revealed a feeling of capabilities acting as a defense to a normative capacity lacking a social non-validation but also as compensation for a lack of professional recognition.     

Parents d’un enfant en situation de handicap : quelles difficultés,quels besoins ?

Parents of children with disabilities are faced with daily difficulties leading to organizational complications and time constraints. They are at risk of developing distress that requires support. The objective was to understand the difficulties encountered in daily life and in the moments initially devoted to rest. Information on the organization and daily difficulties and during rest periods, as well as the desired assistance, is collected from parents of children, adolescents or adults with disabilities through a dual quantitative and qualitative approach. Five classes identified daily difficulties and six classes defined difficulties associated with rest time. Requests for assistance (via the Internet, structures, allowances or relatives) have been developed. In addition, a thematic analysis identified three main themes: reasons for lack of support, barriers to access to support and wishes for support. The chronicity of the above-mentioned difficulties and the time-consuming tasks do have consequences on the parents’ personal life, even when the child grows up. They expressed their wish to benefit from home help, which seems to be the most appropriate in relation to the daily workload.     

L’outil « estimateur », la ligne numérique mentale et les habiletés arithmétiques

This report presents the effects of learning study based on the Estimator program to learn the addition and subtraction operations on children selected for mathematical difficulties. The Estimator is designed to link the magnitudes of the mental number line with the verbal representations of exact arithmetic. Experiment shows that using the Estimator for five 30-minute sessions increases not only the children's arithmetic capacities but also other numerical knowledge assessed with Zareki-R. By taking account of the limits of the sample, the results are discussed in terms of (re) educational implications.     

La formation dans l’enseignement de la psychologie pour les étudiants de cycle supérieur : les compétences essentielles pour les nouveaux enseignants

What pedagogical skills are necessary for first-time college instructors? Ninety-two faculty (M = 41.3 years old, 68% female, 90.2% white, 91% born in the US) and 64 graduate students (M = 28.3 years old, 83% female, 87.5% white, 81% born in the US) listed the top three skills they believed were essential to instructors’ success in the college classroom. Despite differing levels of classroom teaching experience, graduate students and faculty members prioritized “survival” skills: public speaking, organization, and content mastery. Notable differences did emerge: faculty members were more likely to list reflection on teaching and graduate students were more likely to list classroom management and comfort with technology. Faculty also preferred more informal training methods (e.g., self-reflection, mentorship), whereas graduate students preferred more formal training methods (e.g., practice/experience, seminar/workshop). Recommendations for graduate teacher training programs include a focus on lower as well as higher-level skills and an attempt to incorporate formal and informal training methods.     

Entraînement à la prise de décision avec un serious gaming : délibération et conflits de valeurs

This research analyzes the use of serious gaming (simulator of helicopter) in a management training program for executives. We have observed 16 game sessions and interviewed 44 volunteer participants from the same company through this training program. We have identified few sparring matches between executives, mostly concerning the tasks commanded. The discussion is based on the “how to do” and not on the pursued purposes even when the instructions are ethically questionable. From the theoretical and methodological frame of the psychosociology of the work perspective (Lhuilier, 2013), our analysis highlighted the lack even the absence of collective deliberation before the decision-making process and their modalities in game experience and in real work, after the training program.     

Les représentations mentales de l’enfant chez les parents : situation,illustrations et réflexions sur les catalyseurs de changements en évaluation thérapeutique de l’enfant

Therapeutic assessment of the child (TA-C) is a model of psychological assessment that allows for collaborative work with parents and child on their reasons for consultation, a collaboration that breaks away from a traditional double separation (parent/assessor, and assessor/therapist) in child assessment. This paper, grounded in a contemporary psychodynamic viewpoint, presents clinical illustrations to support a conceptualization of change processes in TA-C. It is argued that, in order to revitalize empathy in parents, work focusing on the parents’ mental representation of their child is central. We propose a hierarchy of assessment/therapeutic goals that allows for a better distinction between TA-C and standard assessment in work with children.     

COVID-19 : quel rôle pour les comités d’éthique ?

Let us take advantage of this state of health crisis to promote within the committees a real ethics of the discussion on research practices.     

Comment les parents,les enseignants et les cliniciens évaluent les troubles du comportement externalisé du jeune enfant ? Étude de la variabilité des jugements évaluatifs et de son impact sur le développement de l’enfant

Present study aims at refining assessment of preschoolers’ behavior. Data was provided with questionnaires and observation on 118 preschoolers when recruited and 12 months later by their parents, their teachers and clinicians. The results confirmed high variations in informants’ ratings as well as negative effects of such variations regarding later child's development. The results imply the need for a multi-informant and multi-method assessment of preschoolers’ disruptive behavior. The implications of our findings for clinical purpose are discussed.     

Avoir recours à du répit : regards sur la prise de décision des parents d’un enfant gravement malade

To address important medical, psychological and social issues, the concept of respite recently developed in Belgium. The service offered by the Villa Indigo in Brussels allows parents to recover from stressful situations while promoting the well-being of their seriously ill children. Noting the parents’ high level of exhaustion when they first contact us, we decided to study the factors that influence their decision to access respite services. The results of ten exploratory interviews conducted with parents of children who have already stayed at Villa Indigo highlight the complexity of their decision, which is influenced by a variety of factors, such as familial support, tiredness and information about respite care, as well as dynamic representations of themselves, their seriously ill children and the concept of respite care. Once they have overcome their initial reluctance to ask for respite care, the benefits are tangible for both the parents and their children, and future stays are rapidly organized.     

La résilience familiale dans les familles ayant un enfant atteint d’un handicap : des modèles à la pratique

Resilience refers to patterns of positive adaptation in the context of significant risk or adversity. The notion of “family resilience”, by developing key concepts emerging from studies of resilience, has extended ideas previously restricted to individuals to groups. Due to this theoretical complexity, we should pay homage to the pioneers in this field, who proposed the concepts essential to our current work. We will begin by describing these models, highlighting their remarkable topicality. We will then use a clinical example – families requesting a cochlear implant for a child with severe hearing impairment – to demonstrate the differing effects of certain variables, acting as protective factors in some situations and risk factors in others. The value of such models in the field of family resilience studies lies not only in prevention, but also in practice, as they make it possible to take into account the very large number of variables involved more effectively.     

Explantation de pacemaker en temps de pandémie : conduite à tenir pour la récupération chez les sujets décédés des prothèses fonctionnant avec batterie lors de l’épidémie de covid-19

In France, every death certificate must mention the presence of a prosthesis operating by means of a battery and its explantation or not. The explantation must be made regardless of the burial. Explantation can only be performed by a doctor or a thanatopractor. The health emergency related to covid-19 does not affect these principles of ordinary law.     

Qu’est-ce que les professionnels dévoilent d’eux-mêmes dans la relation thérapeutique avec les personnes atteintes de schizophrénie ?

IntroductionHealth professionals’ self-disclosure is a common practice, but there is still controversy regarding when it is appropriate, what the extent and content of self-disclosure should be, and what the clinical consequences are.ObjectivesThis qualitative study aimed to investigate self-disclosure in health and social-care professionals.MethodThirteen in-depth interviews with group leaders of an intervention to improve pleasure and motivation in schizophrenia. The interviews were subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsProfessionals describe their personal disclosures as authentic sharing of lived experiences. From a content point of view, professionals select simple events from their personal or professional life, which they find easy to share with patients, in a group. The selection criteria for these experiences mainly concern the therapeutic value and are formulated in terms of relevance of the content and the usefulness envisioned for the patient as well as authenticity. Self-disclosure generates a redefinition of the places in interaction and a more egalitarian relationship.ConclusionSelf-disclosure is found to be a tool for developing and maintaining the therapeutic relationship. Further studies of the phenomenon would be useful to design training and supervision for professionals.     

Confinement : construction d’une nouvelle représentation sociale chez les étudiants et les salariés

IntroductionThe lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic was a brutal experience that had a lasting impact on people's daily lives.ObjectiveThe construction of the social representation of this event was monitored over one year in two sampling phases (March 2020 and March 2021).MethodThe evolution of social representation was carried out using the hierarchical verbal association method and a characterisation questionnaire.ResultsThe results obtained highlighted, on one hand, the emergence of a figurative core, which is transformed into a central core by the repetition and pressure of the lockdown episodes. On the other hand, the variability of the social representation of confinement according to social status, employees structure the social representation around isolation whereas students are focused on loneliness.ConclusionThe effects of lockdown are reflected in the social representation of confinement, showing an impact on mental health, particularly on students.     

La sensualité : une voie originale pour penser les ambiguïtés de la relation d’aide chez les travailleurs sociaux

When the body to sensory body with the user becomes too unpleasant, many social workers partially disinvest their own sensoriality. This article contributes to understand this enigmatic phenomenon. It shows that the partial withdrawal of the investments of the sensation has, for the social workers, a defensive function close to what P. Aulagnier called “pare désinvestissement”. It is about avoiding to escape a traumatic meeting completely with the user, even though it is necessary to empty it of all its flesh weight. Inversely, the transgression of the secondary processes by the original sensoriality could have a subjective dimension. It is this capacity that we propose to name “sensuality”. While taking support on some works pioneers, we will conclude temporarily while putting some poles aiming to enrich the groups of analysis of professional practice of this sensual capacity of symbolization.