Le droit à la protection de la santé dans la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel

The establishment of constitutional review a posteriori did not fundamentally inflected jurisprudence of the Constitutional Council in the field of health protection. Decisions rendered in QPC material confirms that if the judge agrees to give priority to public health in the exercise of his office, he still refuses to recognize the subjective dimension of the right to individual health.     

Conception et santé : quelques remarques sur le statut de l’activité de travail dans la conception des systèmes de production

The aim of this article is to discuss the status of activity at work for the design process. After having highlighted the stakes to take into account activity at work during design, three approaches are discussed. One can try to model the workers’ activity in order to anticipate it during the design process. One can try to support the design of flexible systems, which control activity. One can try to catch and articulate in a same process the development of both the situation and the activity. These different positions result in different understanding of the design process mainly in its temporal dimension. For each approaches, some lines of research are presented.     

Sentiment de responsabilité pour le changement et l'innovation dans le contexte du comportement de santé : le rôle de la charge de travail cognitive,le leadership,l’autonomisation et la personnalité proactive

The innovation is one of the possible answers to the actual global competitive context able to foster and cope the high standards necessary for survival and competition of the organisations. The objective of this study, realized in the health context, is the exploration of the relationships between the innovative work behaviour and three antecedents (proactive personality, job cognitive demands and empowering leadership) trying to maintain the interactionist perspective between individual factors and context factors. These relationships have been investigated with a mediator role of felt responsibility to change, the individual belief that has a person when has feeling of responsibility in a realisation of transformations and new and constructive changes.     

Formation à la psychologie dans le contexte de l’université brésilienne

The current article aims to describe the policies and practices related to improving the teaching skills of professionals offering psychology courses in secondary school and higher education in Brazil. We first present an overview of the teacher training process, as it was adopted in this country. We also present quantitative data about professionals’ ongoing teaching activities, as well as data on the number of undergraduate and graduate programs available in various administrative categories, and in various geographic regions in Brazil. In addition, we discuss public and private policies that have had an impact on efforts to improve the quality of psychology teaching in Brazil. We conclude with some comments and suggestions, based on national literature, regarding steps that could be taken in Brazil to make further progress in promoting excellence in the teaching of psychology.     

Le rôle modérateur des orientations vers les objectifs dans la relation entre l’envergure de poste et l’engagement organisationnel

This paper examines the moderating role of goal orientations (learning, performance and avoidance orientation) in the relationship between job scope (i.e., a composite measure capturing task variety, autonomy, feedback and significance) and organizational commitment. Based on a sample of 314 participants, the analyses indicate that job scope is positively related to commitment and that performance orientation and avoidance orientation act as negative moderators of job scope. Specifically, job scope was more strongly related to commitment at low levels of these traits. We discuss the importance of considering the role of employee personality in the study of the effect of work context on commitment.     

Transmettre la relation de service par l’interaction tutorale: le cas des facteurs

Based on data gathered from naturalistic observation, the article analyses the communicative activity implemented by postmen involved in tutoring users and their apprentices. The occupational situation observed is that of mail distribution, and the critical moments selected are those which bring customer relations into play. We examine the role of the other in the way three tutors pass on their customer relations skills. We show that their means of interaction and understanding situations differ widely.     

Validité de construit d’une épreuve de jeu de rôle dans le cadre d’un centre d’évaluation chez des officiers de marine.

The present study was designed to obtain validity estimates for a role-play test. Participants were 125 french Navy officers who were rated by a pool of professional assessors and psychologists. All the assessors received reccurring training sessions, focusing on the behavioral checklist, on rating errors, and on share frame of reference. The assessment procedure included role play exercise, cognitive ability scale (g factor) and personality scale (big five factors). First, exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the data gathered, and four factors were identified (authoritarianism, oral communication, consideration with others and frankness). In a nomological perspective, we also analysed the links between the exercises dimensions, personality inventorie and intelligence scale. The findings suggest that role play dimension, personality and intelligence seem to measure different thinks.     

Le climat d’entropie et le stress dans les organismes de sant

In recent years, many research and reporting of findings highlight the deteriorating work conditions in our hospitals, describing a climate of disorder in the arrangement of this system components (Masclet 2010). The study presented here examines the relationship between the entropy climate and stress of health personnel. The study was conducted in two hospitals in the Picardie region using a self-administered questionnaire answered by 161 workers in six trades. A transactional perspective has been used to clarify the role of organizational stressors through the mediation of psychological stress. The results confirm the mediating effect of psychological stress among the organizational social climate and perceived stress.     

Construction et validation d’un inventaire du soutien dans le contexte de l’arrêt tabagique (ISAT) destiné au fumeur et à son proche

Smoking cessation is a difficult process, often requiring the support of others. Nonetheless, there are no specific inventories assessing this support. This study was carried out on 112 smoker/helper dyads with the aim of reaching internal validation of a “Support Inventory in the context of Smoking Cessation”. The SISC consists of three questionnaires: two intended for the smoker to assess the “received” and “desired” support; the third intended for the helper to assess the “given” support. Each questionnaire includes items assessing three principal types of support: “emotional”, “informational” and “motivational”. The results of factorial analysis confirm the internal validity of the three SISC questionnaires. Each of the three questionnaires consists of 11 items which estimates the “emotional”, “informational” and “motivational” dimensions of support. The three questionnaires and their factors possess a very good internal coherence. Their utility in both clinical applications and the field of research should be tested.     

Le rôle médiateur de la réflexivité et du climat entre la distance de pouvoir et l’efficacité d’une équipe de travail

In this study, we investigate the mediating role of reflexivity (West, 1996) and climate to innovation (Anderson & West, 1998) between power distances and effectiveness of work teams of engineers training. Regression analysis (Baron & Kenny, 1986) reveals a total mediation of climate and a partial mediation of reflexivity. These results are discussed from a practical perspective.     

Intervenir en clinique de l’activité sur la qualité du travail dans l’organisation. Le cas du service de propreté d’une grande collectivité

This article aims to inform the intervention process and the institution of conflictuality around the criteria on quality of work in an Activity Clinic perspective. From the example of a recent intervention in sanitary service of a big city, this article instructs this process when the conflictuality around the criteria of quality of work can be instituted in the organization. When field professionals can do more authority on their activity in the organization, we then witness in action a modification of their role in decision process, regarding their own work. The article concludes with the contribution of the results produced to current reflections on the union work actuality.     

Pratiques de psychologues dans un service de santé mentale intégré dans la communauté urbaine: Vers une définition des rôles du « psychologue communautaire »

During the last 20 years, the psychiatric care organisation has undergone important shifts by transfer of devices and professionals from hospital to the city. At the same time, the position/status of people living with mental health problems changed from the patients alienated by their pathology to the position of citizens actors of their health. The daily practice of mental health professionals has to adapt to these evolutions, shifting from a relatively institutional role to a community role. In order to illustrate this evolution, this article presents the daily practice of clinical psychologists working in a mental health service completely integrated in the city, founding member of a European network of good practices in community mental health. Their activity is divided between clinical work, research-action, mental health promotion and networking. These examples are used to question the emergence of a new profession: Community psychologist.     

Investigation de l’effet des ressources personnelles dans la relation des demandes et de la santé psychologique en emploi des directions d’établissement scolaire

A proportion of 55 % of school administrators experience a high level of job stress mainly caused by relationship conflicts and overwork. According to the demands and resources of employment model, having personal resources would protect against the harmful effect of the difficulties experienced and the more specific a resource, the more it can counter the effect. Thus, political skills (HP) would decrease the effect of demands related to relationship conflicts, while the sense of self-efficacy (PES) decreases the negative impact of the workload on the PES. The objective of this study is to verify the effect of personal resources, HP and MS, on the relationship between job demands and job psychological health. A total of 232 school administrators from Quebec participated in the study. Job demands, as well as personal resources, are linked to anxiety and serenity according to Bakker and Demerouti (2007). Nevertheless, the SEP does not interact with the relationship of demands and psychological health in employment (PES). In addition, only the social astuteness dimension of HP moderates the relationship of demands and anxiety.     

Les effets du soutien organisationnel,de la qualité de la relation leader membre et du soutien social sur l’engagement et les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle : le rôle modérateur de la pauvreté subjective

The purpose of this research was to determine whether perceived organizational support, leader membership exchange and social solidarity were related to employee commitment to the organization and to organizational citizenship behavior. A survey questionnaire measuring the relevant variables was sent to 276 employees from 3 organizations. The results of the study indicate that perceived organizational support, leader membership exchange and social solidarity were positively associated with affective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Perceived organizational support is more strongly related to organizational citizenship behavior when poverty is low.