La pensée politique de Malinovski ou les ambiguités du prédécembrisme

Sans résuméConférence donnée à la Societé Belge de Philosophie, à Bruxelles, rue d'Egmont, le 13 mars 1971.     

Confinement : construction d’une nouvelle représentation sociale chez les étudiants et les salariés

IntroductionThe lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic was a brutal experience that had a lasting impact on people's daily lives.ObjectiveThe construction of the social representation of this event was monitored over one year in two sampling phases (March 2020 and March 2021).MethodThe evolution of social representation was carried out using the hierarchical verbal association method and a characterisation questionnaire.ResultsThe results obtained highlighted, on one hand, the emergence of a figurative core, which is transformed into a central core by the repetition and pressure of the lockdown episodes. On the other hand, the variability of the social representation of confinement according to social status, employees structure the social representation around isolation whereas students are focused on loneliness.ConclusionThe effects of lockdown are reflected in the social representation of confinement, showing an impact on mental health, particularly on students.     

Quels enjeux pour les soins bucco-dentaires sous anesthésie générale chez les adultes ?

Common dental acts sometimes require to be performed under general anesthesia. This article describes the development of an adult consultation for dental care under general anesthesia at hospital Henri-Mondor in Créteil group. Forty-two people received dental care under general anesthesia during the year 2015 at Henri-Mondor hospital. Thirty-eight percent were aged 21 to 30 years. The main reason for using general anesthesia phobias 56%. The second reason, with 31%, is on disability. Among the type of intervention, 61% represent extractions of permanent teeth. However, our study shows that the indication of general anesthesia must be asked as a last resort. Other alternative techniques exist and must be offered an upstream. General anesthesia tends to grow and be part of a comprehensive treatment of certain categories of patients. General anesthesia comfort remains prohibited.     

Elaboration et validation de tests de jugement situationnel comme outil de sélection professionnelle : guide méthodologique

Current views in personnel selection recognize the necessity for situational judgements tests (SJT) which are closed to the real work context of companies. The SJTs have also become a popular selection tool across Europe. SJTs are attractive because they show good validity, positive applicants reactions and can be cost effective to test large group of applicants at once. The aim of this paper is to describe a structured methodology for the elaboration of such test. Each stage is illustrated by examples and psychometrics validation issues are discussed.     

L’outil « estimateur », la ligne numérique mentale et les habiletés arithmétiques

This report presents the effects of learning study based on the Estimator program to learn the addition and subtraction operations on children selected for mathematical difficulties. The Estimator is designed to link the magnitudes of the mental number line with the verbal representations of exact arithmetic. Experiment shows that using the Estimator for five 30-minute sessions increases not only the children's arithmetic capacities but also other numerical knowledge assessed with Zareki-R. By taking account of the limits of the sample, the results are discussed in terms of (re) educational implications.     

Comment les enfants utilisent-ils les catégories de sexe ?

Are children aware of the social asymmetry that governs relations between individuals of both genders? Is the cognitive asymmetry described for adults by Hurtig and Pichevin (1998) visible to children? This research shows how 446 5- to 11-year-old children use gender categorization to describe a fictious person to a partner, using the paradigm developed by Hurtig and Pichevin (1990). Some results are consistent with those shown by adults, however others are not and seem to indicate a greater sensitivity amongst the youngest in the mixed situations (subject and partner are of opposite sex), and thus, this is also different according to the gender of the two protagonists. These different results can be explained by the social behaviour of girls and boys at school.     

COVID-19 : quel rôle pour les comités d’éthique ?

Let us take advantage of this state of health crisis to promote within the committees a real ethics of the discussion on research practices.     

La sensualité : une voie originale pour penser les ambiguïtés de la relation d’aide chez les travailleurs sociaux

When the body to sensory body with the user becomes too unpleasant, many social workers partially disinvest their own sensoriality. This article contributes to understand this enigmatic phenomenon. It shows that the partial withdrawal of the investments of the sensation has, for the social workers, a defensive function close to what P. Aulagnier called “pare désinvestissement”. It is about avoiding to escape a traumatic meeting completely with the user, even though it is necessary to empty it of all its flesh weight. Inversely, the transgression of the secondary processes by the original sensoriality could have a subjective dimension. It is this capacity that we propose to name “sensuality”. While taking support on some works pioneers, we will conclude temporarily while putting some poles aiming to enrich the groups of analysis of professional practice of this sensual capacity of symbolization.     

Développement conceptuel de la notion d’énergie relative à des objets inanimés et animés chez les élèves de dix à 17 ans

The objective of this work is to study the concept of energy in case where animates and inanimates objects interact. We questioned pupils between 10 and 17 years old with regard to the existence of energy in inanimates and energy consumption by animates. Our results show that pupils use a small number of coherent conceptions dependent on the context. These conceptions develop differently for inanimate and animate objects. In the case of inanimates, some evolution is observed, while for animates the concept evolves slowly. In general, the materialist character of energy, its confusion with force and its attribution, in preference, to animates are among the naive conceptions which constrain the scientific understanding of energy.     

Perceptions de la douance chez les élèves doués dans un centre de services scolaires québécois

This study aims to explore the perceptions of giftedness among 24 gifted students aged 6 to 11 from a Quebec School Board. Subject to an exploratory lexical analysis (using ALCESTE software) and a thematic analysis (using NVivo software), the results highlight the inherent plurality of perceptions of giftedness within a group of gifted students. In addition, the intellectual and socioaffective dimensions are at the heart of how these students perceive their status as gifted children/students. Questioning the perceptions of giftedness with this population allows us to consider the reality of these young people in all its diversity but also highlights their particular needs.     

Quel engagement organisationnel pour les salariés précaires ? Les leçons d’une étude empirique auprès de travailleurs intérimaires

The aim of this article is to focus on contingent workers’ organizational commitment. A review of literature on contingent workers’ attitudes leads to think that this type of work arrangement is associated with a high level of job insecurity, which is not favourable to organizational commitment. However, empirical studies present very contrasting results. This absence of consensus leads us to propose a research model, which puts the emphasis on the way the temporary workers interpret their job arrangement. The model was tested on 208 temporary help service workers. The results highlight the mediating role of perceived job insecurity on organizational commitment, as well as importance of perceived organizational support (POS).