Transformed Facial Similarity as a Political Cue: A Preliminary Investigation

Experimental subjects evaluated a political candidate whose face was digitally altered to absorb the subjects' facial structure. For half of the subjects, the photograph of the candidate was morphed such that the image presented was a blend composed of 60% of the unfamiliar Caucasian male and 40% of the subject. For the other half the photograph was unaltered. Given previous research on implicit familiarity (Zajonc, 1968, 1980), we predicted that the morph would advantage the candidate. The results demonstrated no main effect of the similarity manipulation. However, there was a robust similarity by gender interaction. Male subjects evaluated the morphed candidate more favorably than the unaltered photograph, while female subjects rated him more negatively. We discuss potential explanations for this interaction effect and explore the possible implications of facial similarity as a political cue in both high- and low-information elections.     

Reverse Discrimination and Aggressive Behavior

Aggression of each of 32 white male and female university students toward an opponent who had just defeated him in a competition was assessed in a 2 x 2 experimental design in which the winning opponent was either a black or a white and the loss was for one of two reasons: because the opponent 1) was economically deprived or 2) had superior ability. It was assumed that those S s who had lost to a black opponent because this person was economically deprived experienced reverse discrimination based on race. Results indicated that white S s were more aggressive toward a black when the loss was based on economic deprivation (reverse discrimination) than towards a white when the loss was due to economic deprivation (an arbitrary loss but not based on race), whereas white S s were less aggressive towards a black opponent than towards a white opponent when the S s lost because of the other's superior ability. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.     

汽车驾驶员攻击性驾驶行为的研究

攻击性驾驶行为影响着交通运输的安全。本文简要叙述了攻击性驾驶行为操作性定义的有关研究 ,以及导致该行为的年龄、性别、人格特质、情绪等个人因素和社会环境因素。     

评侵犯行为的习性学理论

习性学是对侵犯行为进行过系统阐释的社会心理学体系之一。本文在概要考察习性学背景的基础上,全面评述了习性学的侵犯行为理论,并分析了它的人文价值及其面临的挑战。     

3～6岁幼儿对攻击性行为的认知评价分析

通过故事评定法分析了3～6岁幼儿对攻击性行为的认知评价,结果表明:①此年龄段的幼儿对攻击性行为的认知已经达到一定的成熟度,开始考虑攻击性行为的条件与方式;②幼儿对攻击性行为的认知评价存在一定的性别差异,主要表现在受到言语侵犯时的攻击性行为;③对攻击性行为的认知评价的年龄差异突出表现在5岁与6岁之间.④采用蒙特梭利教育法的实验班幼儿,对攻击性行为比非实验班幼儿评价得更消极.     

Effects of Situational Cues on Aggressive Behavior

Numerous situational factors are known to increase the likelihood that a person will behave aggressively. The current review addresses what is currently understood about the relationship between three theoretically relevant situational variables (the presence of weapons, alcohol cues, and exposure to media violence) and aggressive behavior. Theoretical models of aggression generally propose heightened accessibility of aggressive cognitions (i.e., priming) as a common mechanism to explain effects of these variables on aggression but differ in terms of factors that modulate whether and how activated mental content will influence behavior. Here, we discuss these factors and suggest ways in which models of priming might be integrated. We also underscore that, although aggression has been the focus of considerable research for decades, much more research is needed to better understand the psychological and biological processes that mediate effects of situational cues on aggression in humans.     

暴力性电子游戏对青少年攻击行为的影响

暴力性的电子游戏在青少年中的普及率相当高。研究发现,暴力性电子游戏对青少年的攻击行为和情感都有影响,对于那些本身就有暴力倾向的青少年来讲更是如此。而且,这种影响存在着年龄和性别差异。其影响的机制主要有：建立并激活与攻击有关的思维网络：削弱了对攻击行为的抑制;模仿和强化;降低了对受害者的同情心等。     

The Relationship of Client-Directed Aggressive and Nonclient-Directed Aggressive Work Behavior With Self-Control1

Employees (N= 121) participated in this study of aggressive work behavior. Employees completed a performance-based test of self-control. Aggressive work behavior data were then collected over a 4-year period. Self-control was related to client directed physically aggressive and nonclient-directed aggressive behavior. Findings of this study provide evidence on the usefulness of self-control in understanding aggressive work behavior.     

Attractiveness of Facial Profiles Is a Function of Distance From Archetype

The term archetype is used here to refer to a facial structure defined by certain geometric relationships that occur as a result of normal growth and that guarantee efficient mastication. Two experiments are reported that test whether or not facial attractiveness is related to this functional ideal. Attractiveness of female profiles was found to be related strongly to distance from archetype, and this relationship held at different age levels (but it was not mediated by apparent age level). In contrast, attractiveness was not related to the degree to which a given face conformed either to the golden section or to a cephalometric norm. Arguments are presented for defining attractiveness for a given individual rather than in terms of an absolute standard for all faces.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information∥, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information∥, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

The Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior is based on Source Publications provided by ASCA (Automatic Subject Citation Alert) from the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Telephone (215) 386–0100. The following key words are used in weekly computer searches of nearly 5,800 science, technical, and social science journals from around the world: Attack, Fight, Dominant, Aggression, Violence, Agonistic, Hostility, Anger Articles are drawn from ISI Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Current Contents. Journals surveyed include the following general areas: Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Science Engineering, Technology and Applied Sciences Medical and Life Sciences Physical and Chemical Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Full texts of articles may be obtained from ISI's Genuine Article, which supplies tear sheets or photocopies.     

Emotion Dysregulation as a Mechanism Linking Stress Exposure to Adolescent Aggressive Behavior

Exposure to stress is associated with a wide range of internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents, including aggressive behavior. Extant research examining mechanisms underlying the associations between stress and youth aggression has consistently identified social information processing pathways that are disrupted by exposure to violence and increase risk of aggressive behavior. In the current study, we use longitudinal data to examine emotion dysregulation as a potential mechanism linking a broader range of stressful experiences to aggressive behavior in a diverse sample of early adolescents (N?=?1065). Specifically, we examined the longitudinal associations of peer victimization and stressful life events with emotion dysregulation and aggressive behavior. Structural equation modeling was used to create latent constructs of emotion dysregulation and aggression. Both stressful life events and peer victimization predicted subsequent increases in emotion dysregulation over a 4-month period. These increases in emotion dysregulation, in turn, were associated with increases in aggression over the subsequent 3?months. Longitudinal mediation models showed that emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship of both peer victimization (z?=?2.35, p?=?0.019) and stressful life events (z?=?2.32, p?=?0.020) with aggressive behavior. Increasing the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies is an important target for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of adolescent aggressive behavior.