Health concerns of young adolescents

Assessment of health concerns independent of health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors is important for understanding health among adolescents, who are being socialized into adult health roles yet have their own particular concerns. The health concerns of 278 young adolescents were examined with respect to 30 topics in a survey of all seventh- and eighth-grade students attending an urban school. Their highest levels of concerns pertained to dental health, friendships, nutrition, and sex; their lowest levels pertained to smoking, birth control, pregnancy, and homosexuality. Younger, female, and less healthy students expressed greater health concerns. Most desired class health presentations (particularly about sex), while relatively few requested private counseling on specific health topics. Health concerns need to be emphasized as a component of theoretical models, and also applied in the development of health education and school health programs.     

Current concerns in visual masking

Theories of emotion postulate that emotional input is processed independently from perceptual awareness. Although visual masking has a long tradition in studying whether emotional pictures are processed below a supposed threshold of perceptual awareness (subliminal perception), a consensus has yet to be reached. This article reviews current concerns in the use of visual masking. These include a reliable presentation method, the role of masking pictures, common definitions of awareness and their problems, current models of awareness, and neural mechanisms. A useful strategy may be the study of dose-response relationships between awareness and emotion processing that avoids a dichotomous view of awareness and allows conclusions about the relative independence of emotional processing from awareness.     

Addendum to concerns about professional schools

The present research adds to the October 2004 comments in the American Psychologist of Templer and Arikawa who reported that traditional clinical psychology graduate students had greatly higher mean GRE scores than professional school students. The traditional and professional students had mean undergraduate GPAs of 3.62 (SD= .13) and 3.36 (SD= .14), respectively. The mean respective percentages of applicants to 148 traditional and 50 professional programs accepted were 10.4 (SD= 9.5) and 44.4 (SD= 19.5), respectively.     

The feature-positive effect and hypochondriacal concerns

There is evidence to suggest that people have more problems with processing information that is absent (negative information) than with present (positive) information. This bias of overweighing positive and underweighing negative information has been termed the "feature-positive effect" (FPE). Typically, hypochondriasis is characterized by excessive focusing on bodily complaints (cf. positive information), and at the same time discarding negative medical test results (cf. negative information). It was explored whether the FPE is involved in this pattern. Fifty-three undergraduates completed a measure of hypochondriacal concerns and a general, domain-free test of the FPE. As expected, a positive correlation between the FPE and hypochondriacal concerns was observed. Implications for cognitive-behavioural theory are discussed.     

Some ethical concerns about counselling research

The whole approach of counselling researchers to ethics may be assumed to have been improving in recent years, especially with the BACP research guidelines (Bond, 2004 Bond, T. 2004. Ethical guidelines for researching counselling and psychotherapy. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 4(2): 4–9. [Taylor & Francis Online] [Google Scholar]), with its focus on trustworthiness and on the researcher engaging with ethical issues. In this paper we share our concerns about the background to ethical decision making for researchers today followed by our specific concerns for counselling researchers namely: why do counselling research at all?; research that hurts participants; the impact of research on the therapeutic process; restrictive notions around what is data; the politics of funding and informed consent revisited.     

Perfectionism, acne and appearance concerns

This study investigated the relationship between perfectionism and two aspects of appearance worry: acne-related concerns and dysmorphic concerns. One-hundred and sixty five female university students completed measures of three facets of perfectionism: self-oriented, other-oriented and socially prescribed [Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991a). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: conceptualization, assessment and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456–470], general psychopathology (GHQ-28), acne health related quality of life [Girman, C. J., Hartmaier, S., Thiboutot, D., Johnson, J., Barter, B., DeMunro-Mercon, & Waldstreicher, J. (1996). Evaluating health-related quality of life in patients with facial acne: development of a self-administered questionnaire for clinical trials. Quality of Life Research, 5, 481–490] and dysmorphic concerns [Oostuizen, P., Lambert, T., & Castle, D.J. (1998). Dysmorphic concern: prevalence and associations with clinical variables. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32, 129–132]. Multiple regression analyses showed that, after controlling for general psychopathology, a high level of socially prescribed perfectionism was associated with a greater tendency to be concerned about acne in particular and appearance in general.     

Concerning So-Called Group Effects

Abstract

Sermons and addresses. By John Bascom, New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1913. 356 p.

Things learned by living. By John Bascom. New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1913. 228 p.

The Jukes in 1915. By Arthur H. Estabrook. Washington, Carnegie Institution, 1916. 85 p.

The mothercraft manual. By Mary L. Read. Boston, Little, Brown and Co., 1916. 440 p.

Towards racial health. By Norah H. March. London, George Routledge and Sons, 1915. 326 p.

How to live; rules for healthful living based on modern science. By Irving Fisher and Eugene Lyman Fisk. 7th ed. New York, Funk and Wagnalls Co., 1916. 345 p.

The development of intelligence in children. By Alfred Binet and Th. Simon. Translated by Elizabeth S. Kate. Publications of the Training School at Vineland, N. J., Department of Research. No. 11. May, 1916. 336 p.

The intelligence of the feeble-minded. By Alfred Binet and Th. Simon. Translated by Elizabeth S. Kite. Publications of the Training School at Vineland, N. J., Department of Research. No. 12, June, 1916. 328 p.

Art in education and life; a plea for the more systematic culture of the sense of beauty. By Henry Davies. Columbus, R. G. Adams and Co. (c. 1914). 334 p.

Official diplomatic documents relating to the outbreak of the European War. Edited by Edmund von Mach. New York, Macmillan, 1916.

How to study effectively. By Guy Montrose Whipple. Bloomington, Ind., Public School Publishing Co. (c. 1916). 44 p.

The gift of mind to spirit. By John Kulamer. Boston, Sherman, French and Co., 1916. 227 p.

The students' Shakespeare. Macbeth. Memorial edition. Edited, with notes, by Frank Alanson Lombard. Kyoto, Japan, 1916. 310 p.

Seventeenth annual report of the State Board of Insanity of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, for the year ending November 30, 1915. Boston, Wright and Potter Printing Co., 1916. 383 p.

School organisation and administration; a concrete study based on the Salt Lake City school survey. By Ellwood P. Cubberley. Yonkers-on-Hudson, World Book Co., 1916. 346 p.

Some problems in city school administration. By George D. Strayer. Yonkers-on-Hudson, World Book Co., 1916. 234 p.

How to use your mind; a psychology of study. By Harry D. Kitson. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Co., (c. 1916). 216 p.

New Possibilities in education. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. LXVII, September, 1916, Whole No. 156.

Form find functions of American government. By Thomas Harrison Reed. Yonkers-on-Hudson, World Book Co., 1916. 549 p.

The supervision of arithmetic. By W. A. Jessup and L. D. Coffman. New York, Macmillan, 1916. 225 p.

In the light of the spirit. By Christian D. Larson. New York, Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (c. 1916). 194 p.

Converging paths. By E. T. Campagnac. Cambridge, University Press, 1916. 113 p.

The expectant mother. By Samuel Wyllis Bandler. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., 1916. 213 p.

A handbook for Latin clubs. By Susan Paxson. Boston, D. C. Heath and Co. (c. 1916). 148 p.

A handbook of American private schools. (An annual publication). Boston, Porter E. Sargent (c. 1916). 604 p.

Introduction to American history. By James Albert Woodburn and Thomas Francis Moran. New York, Longmans, Green, (c 1916). 308 p.

Drake of troop one. By Isabel Hornibrook. Boston, Little, Brown, 1916. 321 p.

National Parks folio. Published by the Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.

Aus Nah und Fern. Vol. VIII, No. 1. October, 1916. Chicago, F. W. Parker School Press.

Teachers College, Columbia University, Contributions to Education:-

No. 75, Adjustment of school organisation to various population groups, by Robert Alexander Fyfe McDonald. 1915. 145 p.

No. 76 The relations of general intelligence to certain mental and physical traits, by Cyrus D Mead. 1916. 117 p.

No. 77, Completion-test language scales, by Marion Rex Trabue. 1916. 118 p.

No. 78, Ventilation in relation to mental work, by E. L. Thorndike, W. A. McCall and J. C. Chapman. 1916. 83 p.

No. 80, Measurements of some achievements in arithmetic, by Clifford Woody. 1916. 63 p.

The golden book of favorite songs. Compiled and edited by N. H. Aitch. Chicago, Hall &; McGreary, 1915. 138 p.

Yiddish-English lessons. By I. Edwin Goldwasser and Joseph Jablonower. Boston, D. C. Heath &; Company, 1916. 248 p.

Boswell's Life of Johnson. By Max J. Herzberg. Boston, Heath &; Co., 1916. 280 p.

The school and the immigrant. By Herbert Adolphus Miller. Cleveland, Cleveland Foundation Survey, 1916. 102 p.

The teaching staff. By Walter A. Jessup. Cleveland, Cleveland Foundation Survey, 1916. 114 p.

The metal trades. By R. R. Lutz. Cleveland, Cleveland Foundation Survey, 1916. 114 p.

Seventy-ninth Annual Report of the Board of Education. Boston, Wright &; Potter, 1910. 361 p.

The thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth reports of the International Institute of China. By Rev. Gilbert Reid. Shanghai, Methodist Pub. House, 1915. 62 p.

Report of the Board of Education of St. Louis, Mo. 1915. 698 p.

Maine School Report. Waterville, Maine, Sentinel Publishing Co., 1916. 291 p.

La “scala metrica dell'intelligenza” di Binet e Simon; studiata nelle scuole comunali elementari di Milano. By Zaccaria Treves and F. Umberto Saffiotti. Milano, G. Civelli, 1911. 67 p.

L'opera di Zaccaria Treves e la psicologia sperimentale. By F. Umberto Saffiotti. Milano, 1912. 28 p.

La misura dell'intelligenza nei fanciulli. By F. Umberto Saffiotti. Roma, Società Romana di Antropologia, Via del Collegio Romano, 26, 1916. 286 p.

Contributo allo studio dei rapporti tra l'intellgenza e i fattori biologico-sociali nella scuola. By F. Umberto Saffiotti. (Reprinted from Rivista di Antropologia, Vol. XVIII, Fasc. 1–2.) 1913. 34 p.

Forme e contenuto dell'associasione spontanea nei fanciulli. By F. Umberto Saffiotti (Reprinted from Rivista di Antropologia, Vol. XIX, Fasc. 1–2.) 1914. 14 p.

Anuário da Casa Pia de Lisboa. Ano Económico de 1914–15. Lisboa, R. Do Mundo, 139. Tip. Casa Portugueza, 1915. 552 p.

Tentative syllabus of the physical training program. University of the State of New York, State Department of Education. 1916. 226 p.

New York State. Eleventh annual report of the Education Department, for the school year 1913–14. 1163 p.

A laboratory and class-room guide to qualitative chemical analysis. By George F. White. New York, D. Van Nostrand Co., 1916. 171 p.

Plane and solid geometry. By William Betz and Harrison E. Webb. (With the editorial coöperation of Percy F. Smith.) Boston, Ginn, (c. 1916). 507 p.

Algebra review. By Charles H. Sampson. Yonkers-on-Hudson, World Book Co., 1916. 41 p.

Scientific method in schools; a suggestion. By W. H. S. Jones. London, Cambridge University Press, 1916. 36 p.

Reorganising a county system of rural schools; report of a study of the schools of San Mateo County, California. By J. Harold Williams. Washington, Gov't Printing Office, 1916. (Bureau of Education Bull., 1916, no. 16.) 50 p.

Journal of Heredity. August and September, 1916. Washington, D. C., American Genetic Association.

A practical Spanish grammar. By Ventura Fuentes and Victor E. François. New York, Macmillan, 1916. 313 p.

United States life tables, 1910. Prepared under the supervision of Prof. James W. Glover of the University of Michigan. Bureau of the Census. Washington, Gov't Printing Office, 1916. 65 p.

Bureau of American Ethnology. Twenty-ninth annual report to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1907–1908. Washington, Gov't Printing Office, 1916. 636 p.

Bureau of American Ethnology. Thirtieth annual report to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1908–09. Washington, Gov't Printing Office, 1915. 453 p.

Physical anthropology of the Lenape or Delawares, and of the eastern Indians in general. By Ale? Hrdli?ka. (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 62.) Washington, Gov't Printing Office, 1916. 129 p.

Centennial celebration of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. April, 1916. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1916. 196 p.

The policy of national instinct. By M. Take Jonesco. London, Sir Joseph Couston and Sons, 1916. 108 p.

43.—Nationaler Deutschamerikanischer Lehrertag, 28. Juni-1. Juli, 1916. Milwaukee, Wis. 20 p.     

Dialogue Concerning Natural Appropriation

Two utilitarian defenses, traceable to Bentham and Mill, arecommonly offered for patents. It is contended that patents induce innovation, and thatpatents induce disclosure of innovation. Patents on some or all of the human genomepose particular challenges for these defenses. In the first instance, patents on nucleotidesequences entail the perverse notion of human reproduction qua infringement. In the second place, when such patents are available (as is presently the case), the two defenses involve a counterfactual claim, viz., that if there were no such patents, biotechnological progress would wane. Even if these challenges are met, concerns about respect for humanity generate opposition to property interests in compounds manipulated outside the human body but significantly homologous to compounds found in humans. This stance about things human might appear to commit the fallacy of division. In a dialogue between a Kantian and a utilitarian, arguments for and against property interests in the human genome are presented.     

Research Concerning Wife Abuse

SUMMARY

Violence toward women has been declared a public health epidemic. To date, research on battered women in medical settings has focused primarily on incidence and prevalence and on identification of risk markers. Such research also has elucidated low rates of battered women identified in medical settings, as well as barriers to such identification. Methods of training physicians to identify and help battered women are described in the present article. The unique role of psychologists and other mental health professionals in designing and evaluating such programs is discussed.     

A Conundrum Concerning Creation

In this paper, I expose a conundrum regarding divine creation as Leibniz conceives of such creation. What energizes the conundrum is that the concept of omnibenevolence—“consequential omnibenevolence”—that the Leibnizian argument for the view that the actual world is the best of all possible worlds presupposes, appears to sanction the conclusion that God has no practical reasons to create the actual world.