再论准生命与生命——与刘虹、孙慕义教授商榷

阐述生命的三种基本属性及三种属性之间的关系,死亡的实质及其与植物人的关系,根据生命现象的过程论提出准生命的概念,探讨准生命与重残儿、生育控制、植物人等之间的关系.认为植物人不是准生命,脑死亡并非进入准生命状态,生育控制并非违反人权,而要根据各国的实际情况来决定.     

论准生命--寻找剖析生命伦理疑难问题的"奥卡姆剃刀"

提出并讨论准生命的基本概念及其正常演进和异常演进;分析生命和准生命的本质区别;认为准生命理论完整地描述了生命的客现过程,提示认识生命问题要分清生命和准生命的界限、分清生命和生命现象的差异、分清正常演进的准生命和异常演进的准生命的区别;说明准生命理论为解决诸如脑死亡、“植物状态”和重残儿的处置、生育控制、干细胞研究、安乐死的实施和克隆人的伦理问题提供了的新理念。     

再论准生命与生命——与刘虹、孙慕义教授商榷

阐述生命的三种基本属性及三种属性之间的关系,死亡的实质及其与植物人的关系,根据生命现象的过程论提出准生命的概念,探讨准生命与重残儿、生育控制、植物人等之间的关系。认为植物人不是准生命,脑死亡并非进入准生命状态,生育控制并非违反人权,而要根据各国的实际情况来决定。     

模棱两可的"准生命"--一把并不好使的剃刀

刘虹先生和孙慕义老师合著的<论准生命--寻找剖析生命疑难问题的"奥卡姆剃刀">[医学与哲学,2003(24)10:24]一文(以下称<论准生命>),在生命的健康、亚健康、疾病这三种状态之外,提出作为第四种状态的所谓"准生命"这一新概念,并试图以此来消解诸如脑死亡、"植物状态"和重残儿的处置、生育控制、干细胞研究、安乐死的实施和克隆人等长期困挠着伦理学界的问题.这种在伦理学基本理论上的大胆创新,是现代国内伦理学研究并不多见的,因而难能可贵,值得大力提倡.同时我们也注意到<论准生命>一文中还存在一些有待进一步商榷的问题,本文想就此方面提出管见,就教于二位先生及其他学界同仁.     

论敬畏生命与生命伦理共同体

随着生命科技的迅猛发展,人类社会面临着前所未有的风险,已有的伦理学理论已不能时当代生命科技发展带来的问题给出满意的回答,生命伦理亟须理论创新.以敬畏生命为基本伦理观念,从人类的共同利益出发,在达成差异共识的基础上,构建当代生命伦理共同体,是解决当代生命科技发展带来的一系列新问题、构建和谐社会的可能路径之一.     

从细胞凋亡看生命的选择

随着医学科学的发展人们逐渐认识到:细胞凋亡是细胞在基因控制下生理性、主动性的死亡方式,对维持整个生命有重要的作用,是生命的自主选择.这一认识改变了人们对死亡的传统理解.死亡不只是生命的终结现象而是伴随着整个生命的始终.细胞凋亡的理论为某些疑难疾病的防治提供了可能.     

生命型企业本质理论

本文首先回顾了关于企业本质的既有理论,并将其归纳为非生命型企业本质企业理论,在此基础上提出了生命型企业本质理论,分析了不同企业本质理论对企业成长的影响,设计了生命型企业的运作机制,提出了生命型企业的三个管理重点和四个基本特征.     

准全息论

人脑被认为是最具复杂性的系统之一，如能给出其定量形式化描述模型，解决目前的系统悖论，并用于指导人脑模型——智能计算机的设计，其理论价值自然不言而喻。复杂系统描述模型要求体现认识论、方法论及本体论的统一性；要求体现系统论、控制论及信息论的统一性；要求体现元逻辑、元数据结构及元算法的统一性；要求体现非线性与自组织原理及机制的统一性；要求体现涌现性原理及机制；要求集有关系统理论之大成。通过准全息论及其模型——准全息元数学模塑；我们正在接近这一目标。     

祖先崇拜的生命超越观

追求生命的不朽是人类摆脱死亡恐惧的主要途径.在祖先崇拜中,人们试图在自然生命和道德生命两方面都实现超越.子子孙孙无穷尽使祖先的自然生命在现世社会中实现永生;德行和功绩存留后世,并被传播、效法和宣扬,这也使祖先的道德生命获得了不朽.     

生命伦理学的知识场域与现象学问题

生命伦理学还不是一个成熟的学科,研究者还要做许多重要的工作。目前,生命伦理学研究中首要的是对相关知识、基本概念、语词的统一,诸如对生命、医学、疾病、死亡等确立生命伦理语境下的认知,是一项重要的任务。应该挖掘所有人类的理性遗产和文化资源,建立和构建生命伦理学理论框架和体系,从而解决对具体生命伦理问题和现象评价的困难。生命伦理学存在一个多维的知识场域,揭示、解释和勾绘这个场域,对生命伦理学的学科建设具有重要意义。     

Aggregate Theory Versus Set Theory

Maddy's (1990) arguments against Aggregate Theory were undermined by the shift in her position in 1997. The present paper considers Aggregate Theory in the light of this, and the recent search for `New Axioms for Mathematics'. If Set Theory is the part-whole theory of singletons, then identifying singletons with their single members collapses Set Theory into Aggregate Theory. But if singletons are not identical to their single members, then they are not extensional objects and so are not a basis for Science. Either way, the Continuum Hypothesis has no physical interest.     

Slot Theory and Slotite Theory

Philosophia - ‘Instantiation-directed slot theorists’ believe that properties/relations have slots which are filled by their instances/relata e.g., where Abigail is taller than Bronia,...     

The Simulation Theory,the Theory Theory and Folk Psychological Explanation

Philosophical Studies -     

从承认理论到民主正义论——略论南希·弗雷泽的政治哲学

弗雷泽提出要以参与平等为核心重新界定批判理论的规范基础,进一步从承认理论身份模式转向地位模式;从承认的规范一元论转向包含再分配与承认的"视角二元论";从局部的文化正义转向"一元三维"的总体的民主正义.弗雷泽的思想为弥合左派纷争,重新构建对资本主义社会的总体性批判做出了努力,反映了霍耐特承认"规范一元论"以后批判理论新的演进动向.     

交往理性与德育理念的重建

哲学意义上的交往理论,尤其是哈贝马斯的交往理性可以解决当前目的理性泛滥带来的的德育危机。交往德育是在超越灌输德育的基础上,对主体存在、人的存在目标和生存意义提出本质追问并提供某种可能性诠释的德育理论。它是一种扬弃与超越灌输德育而又与灌输德育截然不同的德育理念,是德育发展的必经阶段。     

The Relevance of Decision Theory to Ethical Theory

Morality for the purposes of this paper consists of sets of rules or principles intended for the general regulation of conduct for all. Intuitionist accounts of morality are rejected as making reasoned analysis of morals impossible. In many interactions, there is partial conflict and partial cooperation. From the general social point of view, the rational thing to propose is that we steer clear of conflict and promote cooperation. This is what it is rational to propose to reinforce, and to assist in reinforcing in society; it is not necessarily what it is individually rational to do. Even so, given the general situation, the rationality of its reinforcement will typically support the rationality of individual action as well. Game theory makes it possible to clarify these interactions, and these proposals for social solutions.     

Radicalesbianfeminist Theory

Cheshire Calhoun has been working to distinguish lesbian oppression from the sexist oppression of women in general, with the idea that different strategies may be needed to oppose each. On a radical feminist understanding of sexism, however, lesbian oppression is a very important part of the oppression of females generally. Women's liberation requires opposition to lesbian oppression. Or so I argue in supporting radicalesbianfeminism as a unified theory.     

Postliberal Theory

This paper begins with a critical part and concludes with a constructive part. First, with reference to a definition of liberalism and using immanent critique, I show deficiencies in the claims of four selfprofessed postliberals to have articulated non-liberal positions. Then, I argue that postliberal political theory consists in acknowledging that in political contexts some voluntary groups as such can be moral, not merely political, agents. Analysis of what moral autonomy is for persons as empirical (not noumenal) agents reveals that that account can be transposed to some groups. A key common element among the four rejected positions is their emphasis on the normative authority of some practices as over against principles. My proposal congeals that normative emphasis on the social into group-moral authority. Recognition of some voluntary groups’ episodic moral authority over their members is non-liberal but not anti-liberal.