高频超声对膝关节病变的观察

通过超声对髌上囊、股骨髁间软骨情况、胭窝滑囊、髌腱等膝部结构的观察,评价超声对膝关节病变的辅助诊断、观察疗效的价值。通过高频超声对膝关节肿胀、疼痛病例纽与对照组、病例组治疗前后髌上囊液体、滑膜、股骨髁间软骨、胭窝滑囊积液情况以及髌腱厚度及回声进行对比观察。病例组髌上囊液体及滑膜增厚,股骨髁间软骨多有不同程度改变,胭窝滑...     

关于规范超声影像技术诊断结论的思考

为了提高超声诊断技术的临床价值,对目前超声诊断的地位、诊断结论中存在的不规范问题、如何进行规范和改进等进行分析,提出自己的观点和体会,为今后更进一步规范超声诊断的结论提供参考.     

关于规范超声影像技术诊断结论的思考

为了提高超声诊断技术的临床价值,对目前超声诊断的地位、诊断结论中存在的不规范问题、如何进行规范和改进等进行分析,提出自己的观点和体会,为今后更进一步规范超声诊断的结论提供参考。     

超声影像学中的哲学思维

超声影像不同于其他影像方法,多为个人单独进行,很少有共同会诊机会,故其诊断结果的准确性受个人主观因素影响很大,在主观因素中个人思维方法起很大作用,所以为了提高超声诊断结果的准确性,在实际工作中掌握科学的哲学思维方法非常重要。     

超声内镜在食管癌治疗中的应用

超声内镜作新兴的内镜检查手段,在食管癌的诊治中发挥着越来越重要的作用.本文通过对超声内镜在食管癌诊治过程中的应用进行综述,了解超声内镜在食管癌诊治过程中的应用价值,探讨超声内镜应用在未来食管癌治疗过程中的发展方向,为食管癌的诊治提供新的思路及工具.     

光学相干断层扫描观察白内障术后黄斑区病变

通过光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)技术来早期明确白内障超声乳化术后视网膜黄斑区病变.采集我院白内障超声乳化术及人工晶状体植入术后视力改善不良的老年性白内障患者,进行OCT检查,观察其图象特征.结果提示术眼黄斑区OCT图像表现为:黄斑区视网膜水肿,视网膜厚度增加;黄斑区增生膜形成,部分伴有黄斑区视网膜水肿;黄斑区神经上皮层变薄;黄斑裂孔形成;老年黄斑变性(萎缩性),表现为视网膜色素上皮层断裂、厚薄不均;部分病例视网膜色素上皮层增殖、断裂,表现为色素上皮损害.OCT由于其独特的横截面成像技术,通过精确测量视网膜厚度及观察视网膜反射性的改变,可以在白内障超声乳化术后早期发现黄斑区视网膜的病变,定量地了解病情的变化,是一种比较理想的检测手段.     

光学相干断层扫描观察白内障术后黄斑区病变

通过光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)技术来早期明确白内障超声乳化术后视网膜黄斑区病变。采集我院白内障超声乳化术及人工晶状体植入术后视力改善不良的老年性白内障患者,进行OCT检查,观察其图象特征。结果提示术眼黄斑区OCT图像表现为:黄斑区视网膜水肿,视网膜厚度增加;黄斑区增生膜形成,部分伴有黄斑区视网膜水肿;黄斑区神经上皮层变薄;黄斑裂孔形成;老年黄斑变性(萎缩性),表现为视网膜色素上皮层断裂、厚薄不均;部分病例视网膜色素上皮层增殖、断裂,表现为色素上皮损害。OCT由于其独特的横截面成像技术,通过精确测量视网膜厚度及观察视网膜反射性的改变,可以在白内障超声乳化术后早期发现黄斑区视网膜的病变,定量地了解病情的变化,是一种比较理想的检测手段。     

超声影像诊断中科学思维方式的训练

近年来 ,超声技术飞速发展 ,彩色多普勒、能量图、二次谐波等技术的应用 ,使超声不仅能观察形态学改变 ,同时还可以观察部分脏器的血流状态以判断其功能状况 ;而介入超声的发展又将超声诊断推进到了病理组织学的高度 ,超声医学已成为医学影像中的新热点。超声影像诊断也因其对软组织分辨率高 ,并且无创、价廉、实用 ,已成为现代临床医学诊断中首选的检查方法之一[1] 。因此 ,怎样有效地提高超声诊断水平 ,使其更好地服务于患者 ,也成为我们超声医师需要思考的首要问题。1　目前超声影像诊断工作中的现状超声诊断属于影像学范围 ,是根据超声…     

胎儿产前超声诊断中的人文关怀

随着医学的进步,医学模式的转变,越来越提倡医学对人们心理和社会因素的关怀。同时随着产前诊断技术和超声诊断技术的迅速发展和日臻完善,以及社会、经济的发展和变革,也越来越重视对孕妇及家属的人文关怀。胎儿产前超声诊断中的人文关怀不仅是对人的关怀,也是对技术、对心理健康、对生命的关怀。     

人工膝关节置换术的演变及其最优选择

人工关节是指用生物相容性与机械性能良好的金属材料制成的一种类似人体骨关节的假体.近年的关节外科发展迅速,人工膝关节置换术每年都在改进,治疗效果已有明显的进步,各种形式的假体不断推出.随着生物医学模式向生物-心理-社会医学模式的转变,患者日益要求人工关节质量好、费用少、与术后生活质量并举.回顾膝关节假体发展的历史,剖析其各阶段的重大变革,骨科专业医务工作者从以下几个方面进行哲学思考:(1)人类对人工膝关节置换的认识受到主客观条件的限制,经过多次往复才得以完成到目前水平;(2)人工膝关节置换选择中既要理解它的共性原则,更要把握它的个性原则,才能达到人工与自然的协调;(3)最优化是人工膝关节置换发展中的最终目标.     

The Effect of Knee Joint Angle on Torque Control

The purpose of the author's investigation was to examine the effect of knee joint angle on torque control of the quadriceps muscle group. In all, 12 healthy adults produced maximal voluntary contractions and submaximal torque (15, 30, and 45% MVC [maximal voluntary contraction]) at leg flexion angles of 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90° below the horizontal plane. As expected, MVC values changed with respect to joint angle with maximum torque output being greatest at 60° and least at 15°. During the submaximal tasks, participants appropriately scaled their torque output to the required targets. Absolute variability (i.e., standard deviation) of torque output was greatest at 60° and 90° knee flexion. However, relative variability as indexed by coefficient of variation (CV) decreased as joint angle increased, with the greatest CV occurring at 15°. These results are congruent with the hypothesis that joint angle influences the control of torque.     

The Frequency of Suicides around Major Public Holidays: Some Surprising Findings

ABSTRACT: This paper analyses the recorded number of U.S. daily suicides, 1972–1976. The paper shows that: there is a dip in suicides on and just before major public holidays; there is a peak in suicides just after these holidays; and, the dip in suicides is somewhat larger than the peak—hence, there is a net decrease in suicides around the holidays. On balance, the holidays appear to reduce the number of suicides, not increase them, as was previously believed. In addition, previous research has focussed on the negative psychological impact of holidays. Our findings indicate that holidays have a positive component, which should be taken into account in future research.     

Effects of Warm-Up and Fatigue on Knee Joint Position Sense and Jump Performance

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a warm-up and fatigue protocol on the vertical jump and knee joint position sense of sprinters. Thirty-two sprinters were randomly allocated to either a control group (CONT) or a plyometric group (PLYO) that performed a warm-up, followed by a high-intensity plyometric protocol. Absolute (AAE), relative (RAE), and variable (VAE) angular errors and vertical jump were evaluated before and after the warm-up, as well as after the plyometric protocol and again 5 min later. After the warm-up, athletes improved RAE and jump performance. After the plyometric protocol, scores on the RAE, VAE, and the vertical jump performance worsened compared to the control group and to the values obtained after the warm-up. Five minutes later, RAE and vertical jump continued to be impaired. AAE did not show significant differences. The vertical jump is improved after the warm-up, although it is deteriorated after high-intensity plyometry. Regarding knee proprioception, the lack of impairments in the AAE make unclear the effects of the plyometric exercises on knee proprioception.     

胫骨近端截骨治疗膝关节骨关节炎疗效的影响因素分析

胫骨近端内侧截骨撑开植骨术是治疗膝关节骨关节炎合并膝内翻畸形的有效方法,本文总结分析了患者的年龄、体重指数、术前膝关节间隙改变程度及术后膝关节外翻角度等因素对胫骨近端内侧截骨撑开植骨术的临床结果的影响,并提出相应的处理策略。     

Influence of Restricted Vision and Knee Joint Range of Motion on Gait Properties During Level Walking and Stair Ascent and Descent

Because elderly individuals experience marked declines in various physical functions (e.g., vision, joint function) simultaneously, it is difficult to clarify the individual effects of these functional declines on walking. However, by imposing vision and joint function restrictions on young men, the effects of these functional declines on walking can be clarified. The authors aimed to determine the effect of restricted vision and range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint on gait properties while walking and ascending or descending stairs. Fifteen healthy young adults performed level walking and stair ascent and descent during control, vision restriction, and knee joint ROM restriction conditions. During level walking, walking speed and step width decreased, and double support time increased significantly with vision and knee joint ROM restrictions. Stance time, step width, and walking angle increased only with knee joint ROM restriction. Stance time, swing time, and double support time were significantly longer in level walking, stair descent, and stair ascent, in that order. The effects of vision and knee joint ROM restrictions were significantly larger than the control conditions. In conclusion, vision and knee joint ROM restrictions affect gait during level walking and stair ascent and descent. This effect is marked in stair ascent with knee joint ROM restriction.     

维吾尔语发展性阅读障碍儿童的高频词词典通达

采用启动条件下的图片命名任务,比较维吾尔语发展性阅读障碍儿童和正常儿童高频词词典通达过程。结果发现：反应时上,正常组在SOA为60ms 时,出现了整词启动效应,而SOA为100ms时,出现了整词和音节启动效应;障碍组在不同启动条件下都没有出现启动效应;错误率上,障碍组出现了整词和音节干扰效应;正常组出现了整词促进效应;在所有启动条件下,障碍儿童的图片命名反应时都比正常儿童慢。结果说明,维吾尔语阅读障碍儿童由于其心理词典中高频词的形-音联结薄弱,而存在词典通达落后。     

Self-Presentation in Exercise Contexts: Differences Between High and Low Frequency Exercisers

The present study investigated the relationship between cognitive manifestations of self-presentation (social physique anxiety, self-presentational efficacy, impression motivation, and exercise imagery) and exercise behavior in 235 female exercisers. Each participant completed the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, a measure of self-presentational efficacy, the impression motivation subscale of the Self-Presentation in Exercise Questionnaire, and the Exercise Imagery Questionnaire. The results of a MANCOVA indicated high-frequency exercisers reported higher levels of efficacy expectancy, outcome value, and exercise imagery than did low-frequency exercisers. Semi-partial correlations showed efficacy expectancy, outcome expectancy, and appearance imagery each accounted for significant variance in social physique anxiety, independent of other predictors. Self-presentational efficacy expectancy appears to be a potent variable in both exercise behavior and social physique anxiety.     

Suppression of Chronic High Frequency Spitting in a Multiply Handicapped and Mentally Retarded Adolescent

Excessive drooling and spitting are maladaptive behaviors often encountered among severely developmentally delayed children. In the present study a blind, deaf and retarded adolescent exhibited an extremely high rate of spitting which had resisted numerous classroom intervention efforts by teachers using punishment techniques. His recalcitrant spitting was eliminated with a behavioral intervention consisting of positive reinforcement for not spitting and facial screening for spitting. Experimental control was demonstrated using a multiple baseline across situations and within subject reversal design. The treatment package successfully eliminated the child's chronic spitting. Teacher reports one year later indicated the results maintained across time and spitting was no longer a problem. Social and academic implications of modifying such behaviors are discussed.