基于内科查房会话语料的医生礼貌策略分析

采用录音方式收集50例内科查房语料,用Brown和Levinson的面子理论分析了医患会话中医生的礼貌策略,发现医生使用的积极礼貌策略类型有反馈、称谓、关照和赞誉等,消极礼貌策略主要有弱化、主动两类,且消极礼貌策略使用频率高于积极礼貌策略.分析显示现阶段平等的医患关系尚未完全建立.     

门诊会话中医生和患者礼貌策略的对比分析

本文运用Brown和Levinson的面子理论研究门诊医患会话中的礼貌现象,研究发现医患双方都采用积极礼貌策略、消极礼貌策略以及间接礼貌策略来维护对方的面子以保证交际的顺利进行。通过将医生和患者的礼貌策略进行对比发现,在医患交际过程中,医生会使用直接礼貌策略,而患者则从未使用这一礼貌策略;医生多使用消极礼貌策略而患者多使用积极礼貌策略。分析显示,导致这一现象的根本原因在于医患之间的人际关系不对称。     

基于自然语料的门诊会话分析

门诊会话是医患双方了解病情、分析病因、确定诊疗手段的最直接的对话方式.本文基于门诊会话的自然语料,对照以往的相关研究,分析了门诊会话中医生会话策略使用的特点以及医师、患者和语境互动的会话序列特征,旨在深化对医患互动过程的认知,进一步揭示现代中国医院语境中医患交流的社会文化符号特点.     

医患礼貌认知语用新解:关联期待信息量原则

回顾了国内外医患会话的礼貌研究,针对医患礼貌语言研究方面的不足,循着礼貌的认知语用研究进路,提出"关联期待信息量"原则。指出礼貌不仅事关医患双方"说了什么",还与双方"说了多少"有关。基于真实的门诊会话语料,对医患话语的礼貌性进行详细分析后发现,医患双方对信息量具有不同的关联期待:医生期待获取必要的病情信息,而患者期待获取充分的医学信息。双方不顾对方关联期待所致的话语欠关联或不关联,引起无意或有意不礼貌。因此,医患话语礼貌与否很大程度上取决于双方话语能否满足对方关联期待的信息量。     

医患会话打断现象研究

言语打断是门诊医患会话经常出现的一种现象,是医患双方为了获得话语权而试图与对方争夺话轮的语言现象.以真实的汉语门诊医患会话为语料,以会话分析结构理论为指导框架,对门诊医患会话打断进行研究.通过对打断的类型和语用功能进行分析,试图揭示中国门诊医患会话打断的规律及其特点.     

和谐医患关系中医生的言语礼貌策略分析

礼貌是人类社会普遍存在的现象,对于建立良好的人际关系和维护社会和谐起着重要的作用。语言是表达礼貌的重要手段,也是医患沟通最直接、最有效的方式。对在线咨询中好大夫的言语礼貌策略进行分析,有利于规范和指导医用语言,促进医患之间的理解、信任和沟通,从而建立平等、合作、和谐的新型医患关系。     

中医门诊医患会话的序列结构研究

序列结构是会话的基本结构与重要特征,研究中医门诊医患会话的序列结构有利于找到中医医患沟通的基本特征与沟通阻碍点。通过对语料的分析,从以下五个方面归纳中医门诊医患会话序列结构的基本特征:理想序列结构模式、医生问诊的序列位置上常呈现插入序列、医生给出治疗方案的序列位置上常呈现非最简后扩展序列、关于中医诊疗信息阐述的补救序列普遍存在于整个医患会话过程、中医门诊医患会话中各种扩展序列发挥最优功能有三个关键要素,并发掘到中医门诊医患会话在序列结构上的沟通阻碍点,提出建立良好医患关系的沟通策略。     

基于100例医患会话的社会学分析

医疗会话是医生和急者沟通交流信息的主要方式,是医学诊疗过程中不可缺少的重要活动.会话分析是以人们日常会话中常见但未被注意的语言现象为研究对象,目的是发现人们理解和把握世界的方法.运用会话分析从社会学的角度对医患会话进行系统、深入的研究,可以发现医生对自身角色的领悟实践程度、医患知识运行方式和权利表现特点.     

生殖医学医患会话重复现象研究

重复是生殖医学门诊会话的一个重要的语言特点。本文运用批评话语分析理论对生殖医学门诊会话的重复现象进行研究,发现生殖医学医患门诊会话的重复有5种语用功能:(1)医生为确认信息而重复;(2)医生为患者提供指导或解释而重复;(3)医生重复强调重要信息以提醒患者注意;(4)患者重复以期望医生给予反馈;(5)患者为参与决策制定而重复。并通过阐释医患重复的语用和认知功能,来剖析生殖医学医患之间的权势关系,发现生殖医学医患诊疗关系更接近共同参与模式,患者主动努力的参与诊疗全过程,并希望和医生是合作关系而不是主从关系。     

构建医患会话的合作原则

通过对门诊医患会话的现场调查,发现经典的合作原则并不完全适用于门诊医患会话。这是因为医患会话中医生和患者之间存在着信息和权势两方面的不对称。为了适应新型的医患关系,在经典合作原则的基础上构建了医患会话的合作原则,以期规范和指导现实的医患会话。     

儿童Graves'病研究进展

Grave's病(GD)是导致儿童甲亢最常见的病因,其易感性80%决定于基因因素.ATD治疗是最常推荐的初始治疗手段,但长期缓解率仅为30%.ATD诱导儿童GD缓解的合适用药时间尚不明确.最佳治疗方式(ATD、RAI或手术)的选择还存在重大争议.药物治疗复发的预测非常重要,最近建立了一种复发风险评分,通过种族、年龄、诊断时FT4、TRAb水平、ATD预期治疗持续时间将GD儿童分成低中高三类风险人群,对其复发风险作出评估,对于确定GD儿童在初始治疗时选择何种方案更为适合意义重大.     

Certification in Testing in Canada

This article presents a brief outline of a program developed by the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission (CEIC) for certifying employment counselors to use tests in Canada Employment Centres (CECs).     

自伤青少年的冲动性

以自我报告、行为学和脑电为指标, 检验自伤青少年的冲动性。研究1, 对820名普通中学生和72名工读生进行问卷调查, 探讨自伤行为与情绪调节困难、冲动性的关系。结果表明, 冲动性能够预测自伤行为, 且预测效应量大于情绪调节困难。研究2, 采用Go/Nogo范式的ERPs实验, 检验自伤组与对照组冲动控制的行为学与脑电差异。结果表明, 自伤组Nogo正确反应的N2波幅显著高于对照组, N2潜伏期在部分电极点处高于对照组。脑电地形图显示两者的脑电差异主要体现在前额叶区。结论：自伤青少年的冲动性高于同龄普通青少年。     

Occupational Stress in Workers and Managers in Steelworks in China

Occupational stressors and strains of 121 Chinese steelwork employees and 122 managers were measured using the Chinese version of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). It was found that factors intrinsic to the job, Type A behavior, logic, and organizational structure and climate were the main predictors of mental ill-health and physical ill-health in managers. Organizational structure and climate and relationships with other people were important predictors for workers. Management processes and organizational forces were the strongest predicting factors of job satisfaction in both samples. On certain OSI scales and subscales, managers scored statistically higher than workers. It is proposed that these results reflect the enormous economic and social changes currently taking place in China, together with certain features inherent in Chinese organizational and managerial processes.     

Sex differences in relational aggression in preschool children in Iran

The purpose of this study was to compare scores on a Relational Aggression Questionnaire for preschool boys and girls in Iran. The questionnaire was developed here, and its reliability and validity were assessed. Teachers' reports of relational aggression in 258 children ages 3 to 7 years was studied. Sex differences in relational aggression were not observed and was not significantly different across age groups.     

Evidence for sex differences in brain organization in recovery in aphasia

Ninety-one adult aphasics of both sexes were studied before and after a 3-month period of language therapy. Although no initial sex difference was found in severity of language disorders, females within the global aphasic group showed significantly greater improvement in three tests of language comprehension. It is suggested that more bilateral representation of language functions in the female brain may account for this greater improvement.     

Ethical Issues in Counselling in Education

It is suggested that there are two quite distinct Systems of ethics and practice in use by counsellors in education: the integrated model, which emphasises viewing the counsellor-institution relationship as theprimary ethical perspective; and the differentiated model, which emphasises the counsellor-client relationship as the starting point for an ethical understanding of the counsellor's role. The implications of these two perspectives for ethical issues relating to sources of referrai, issues of confidentiality, accountability for resources, the implications of role diffusion, and the outcomes of counselling, are examined. The ethical consequences of viewing the two Systems as reconcilable or incompatible are explored.